Date post: | 19-Jan-2016 |
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Biotechnology
What is biotechnology?
Bio—the use of biological
(life) processesTechnology—solve
problems or make
useful products
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What does biotechnology produce?
Foods Vaccines Antibiotics Vitamins BiodegradationSelective breeding
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How does biotechnology work?
Manipulating an organism’s genome to alter microbes, plants, and animals for
our benefitcorrect genetic defects in humans
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Classical Plant Breeding:Classical Plant Breeding:
Genetic modification following introduction of large amounts of undefined DNA from a genetically similar source.
Genetic modification following introduction of large amounts of undefined DNA from a genetically similar source.
Plant Biotechnology:Plant Biotechnology:
Genetic modification of a plant cell by introduction of defined DNA(s) from a genetically different source.
Genetic modification of a plant cell by introduction of defined DNA(s) from a genetically different source.
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Benefits Agricultural Biotechnology
Increase yieldEnhance nutritional valueEnvironmentally friendly pesticide
Bio-medical devicesReconstructive surgery
Bone, cartilage, skin grafts
Forest BiotechnologyGrow more woodConserve landFight a changing climate
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Recombinant DNA
Combining DNA from two different organisms
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Useful Properties of DNA
Restriction enzyme (endonucleases) can cut DNA at specific sites, leaving sticky ends for insertion of new DNA
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Difficulties in Genetically Engineering Humans
Inserting gene in correct cellsInserting gene so it is expressed
correctly Orientation Regulation
Controlling virus vectorEthical issues
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Other Issues
How will genetically engineered organisms affect environment?
Spread of genes to other organisms?
Who will decide?
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