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Machine Perception Through Natural Intelligence

Rostyslav SKLYAR

Independent researcherLviv, Ukraine

e-mail: sklyar@tsp.lviv.a

AbstractThe sensing organs are exponentially better than any

of analogous artificial ones. That is why using them in full scale

is a perspective trend to the efficient (advanced machine

perception. !n the other hand" limitations of sensing organs

could be replaced by the perfect artificial ones with the

subse#uent training the nervous system on their output signals.

$n attempt to lay down the foundations of biosensing bynatural sensors and in addition to them by the artificial

transducers of physical #uantities" also with their expansion

into space arrays and external%implantable functioning in

relation to the nervous system is performed. The advances in

nanotechnology are opening the way to achieving direct

electrical contact of nanoelectronic structures with electrically

and electrochemically active neurocellular structures. The

transmission of the sensors& signals to a processing unit has

been maintaining by an electromagnetic transistor%memristor

(externally and superconducting transducer of ionic currents

(implantable. The arrays of the advanced sensors give us

information about the space and direction dynamics of the

signals& spreading.'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

The measuring method and necessary performance data of the

sensor for the robots orientation in the ambient magnetic field

with living being) machine interaction in order to obtain input

and output signals from brain and motor nerves to the

measurement system and vice versaare introduced. The range

of applied sensors differs from an induction sensor to

superconducting induction magnetometer. The analytical

expressions for arrangements of the head sensors in differential

and vector (*+ relative positions are deduced. ,ensitivity of

the perception method ma-es it possible to recognie the linear

translation of /0)1 m and disposal in space of /0)* m*.

Interaction between living beings and robotic e#uipment is

given analytical treatment.

2eywords)magnetic field" induction sensor" ,u34T" nerve

impulses" interface" gradiometer" sensing area

I. I!"R#$U%"I#!. AR"I&I%IALS'!S#RS(I")")')U*A!*A%)I!'I!"'R&A%'

'lectronic !ose is a smart instrment that is desi+ned todetect and discriminate amon+ comple odors sin+ anarray o sensors. "he array o sensors consists o a nmer o

roadly tned /non-speciic0 sensors that are treated 1ith a

variety o odor-sensitive iolo+ical or chemical materials234.

"his instrment provides a rapid, simple and non-invasivesamplin+ techni5e, or the detection and identiication o aran+e o volatile componds. "he key nction o an

electronic nose is to mimic hman olactory system."ypically an electronic nose consists o three elements: asensor array 1hich is eposed to the volatiles, conversion othe sensor si+nals to a readale ormat and sot1are analysiso the data to prodce characteristic otpts related to theodor encontered. "he main parts o a typical iosensor aresho1n in &i+. 3.

"he artiicial tactile sensor inte+rates a micro electro-mechanical system /*'*S0 array havin+ a nmer osensin+ elements /36 channels in aot 78 mm70 similar tothe innervation density o mechanoreceptors in the hand/aot 3 nit9mm70. "he technolo+ical approach is ased ona $ *'*S core nit 1ith a sot and compliant packa+in+."he microsensor can e inte+rated 1ith a packa+in+

architectre resltin+ in a rost and compliant tactile sensoror application in artiicial hands, 1hile sensitive eno+h todetect slip events, sho1in+ that silicon ased tactile sensorscan +o eyond laoratory practice 274. "he tactile sensorarray, depicted in &i+. 7, had 36 channels as total tactilesensor otpts.

&i+. 3 /A0 "he main parts o a typical iosensor, /;0 A sensorarray, 'ach polymer chan+es its si

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&i+. 7 /a0 $ desi+n o the tactile sensor array. /0 "op:"he 7=7 *'*S array compared 1ith hman in+er> ottom:a &I; ima+e o the *'*S sensor. /c0 "op vie1 o the sensorarray.

"he measrement o ma+netic ields /*&s0 is animportant task or the ma?ority o atonomos missions. "hedistrition o permanent and the vale o periodical *&s+ives the data aot placement o erroma+netic o?ects andsorces o '* radiation respectively. #n the other hand,these si+nals 1ill e a reerence point and +idin+ line or a1alkin+ root /&i+. 0.

$etection o some ma+netic anomalies o the 'arths *&and their variations is provided y l+ate sensors 24.(hen the spectrm o '* si+nals in the environment lies ina 1ide re5ency ran+e /38) ho1ever, root-monted instrments in particlar mst e li+ht1ei+ht tosrvive deployment nder hi+h- stress conditions 1hen sedin connection 1ith spacecrat or nder1ater. "his 1ei+htconstraint can limit oth the si

0 arond < ais spreads A% indstrial *& intererence

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ho1 the rain o the eoskeleton root is constrcted to eale to maniplate o?ects like hmans do. Secondeploration o appropriate inominals that can e sed as anactatin+ 5antity to move the Rootic arm> and inally ho1

pro+rammin+ o maniplation tasks is reali

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array inte+rated to ampliier I%0 in the cortical nit, andhyrid A9$, control, and R&-IR /Inrared0 telemetry in thecranial nit.

A 36-channel version o a lly implantale microsystemhas een implemented and tested on the enchtop and sedin initial animal tests. "his microsystem is a sin+le-nit

constrct /&i+. 60 1here analo+ and di+ital chips areinte+rated on a leile sstrate to+ether 1ith a lo1threshold, inrared semicondctor diode laser to transmit thedi+iti

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the collection and monitorin+ o these datasets or othresearch and practical applications 23J4.

"he acceleration and io-potential si+nals taken rom themlti-nctional sensor are irst ampliied thro+h a cstomsi+nal conditionin+ circit. "he resltin+ si+nals are theninptted into the analo+-di+ital converter /A$%0 sed todi+iti

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1) The design of the MF transducer:Some comineddevice, that incldes all the est eatres o the said *&sensors9transdcers seems to e the preered trend or rtherdevelopment as a perception or+an 2734. "he S&'" isimplemented into a 1ide-and indction sensor /IS0 devicein order to ac5ire the sensitivity threshold elo1 3"9W)< inthe re5ency ran+e rom small vales o )ert< to tens o

*)< /8.3)

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1) !etermination of the earth#s MF gradient:Aportale sin+le ais ma+netic +radiometer, 1hich is a relativeinstrment ecase it measres the spatial variation o the*&, has een descried 27G4. "he inite distance d et1eenthe ma+netic sensors or detectin+ the ield dierence is sedto +et an epression or the estimate o the eact ma+netic+radient, ad?sted y the nction o the ield distance,;

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l, m21 3

3ig. 9 "he ma+nitde chan+es o orientation *& re5encydrin+ the 1alkin+ path.

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4

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0,4

0,6

1

Esign,mV 3

2

"he eperimental crve, +iven in &i+. 36 conirms thecompted vales o sppression a transer nction H or at1o-nit R%-ilter. It is also possile to apply a t1in-" R%-ilter, t only or the )&- ), relative to the 1orkin+ one1ork2774. "he response crve in the re5ency ran+e that iso importance or orientation, 1old e virtally lat H&,1hen R and % are related to each other as ollo1s:

3

7"C=f

+or,/0

As a reslt, the 1orkin+ *& re5ency 1ill eeectively Mct-otN rom the rest o oscillations, oth o'* and mechanical ori+in 2764.

!. MF Feeling -ith a Living BeingMachine /nterface

"he desi+n provides a means to pdate operatin+-,monitorin+ parameters, operational thresholds, and sensorand R& link speciic irm1are modles Mover-the-airN. It iscomposed o t1o main components- a sensor-1irelesshard1are interace and system inte+ration rame1ork, 1hichacilitates the deinin+ o interaction et1eensensors9actators ased on process needs. "he intelli+encenecessary to process the sensor si+nals, monitor thenctions a+ainst deined operational templates, and enales1appin+ o sensor and R& link, resides on themicrocontroller o the hard1are interace 27F4.

&i+. 3F "he livin+ ein+-machine interace in theiorootic perception system.

"he asic scenario is sho1n in &i+. 3F. As a reslt livin+ein+s control drives y previosly translated iosi+nals. Inthe other variant, iosi+nals rom or+ans o the senses or

rain transdce directly into intelli+ent or rootic systems

1hich, in sch a 1ay, pick p environmental inormation.Let s consider the connection et1een the inpt

/iosi+nal Inerve0 and otpt /*& ;0 variales o theatonomos system in the 1ide re5ency ran+e;27J4:

c

e5

;nerve

the dierential arran+ement o a sensin+ element allo1s asin+le- directional perception and the three- componentvector sensor can e sed or orientation in a space> et1een oth sensors and actators a mtal lo1o inormation eists y means o the eplainedhman root interace. It is presmed that the nerve-machine interace 1ill allo1 the close monitorin+ olo1 data 1hich are restrictin+ to the transdcin+aility o a iosensor o nerve implses and mass-dimensional parameters o IS.

R'&'R'!%'S234 ' . *ahmod i, M'lec tron ic nose technolo+y and i t s

applicationsN, Sensors "ransdcers _ornal, vol. 38F, iss. J,788, pp. 3F-7B.

274 L. ;eccai, S. Roccella, L. Ascari et al., M$evelopmentand eper imen ta l ana ly sis o a so t compl iant tact i lemicrosensor or anthropomorphic artiicial handN, I'''-AS*'"rans. *echatron., vol. 3, 788J, pp. 3BJ-36J.

24 A. %erman, . Ripka, and . Kapar, Mrecise ma+netic sensors andma+netometers or military and space applicationsN, Sensors "ransdcers *a+a

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274 O. K. Khanna, M&rontiers o !anosensor "echnolo+yN,Sens. "ransd. _., vol. 38, iss. G, 788, pp. 3-36.

284 A. ;o