S.Harish3/4 Btech

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What is BioterrorismWhat is Bioterrorism Terrorism using Terrorism using germ warfare, an intentional germ warfare, an intentional human release of a naturally-human release of a naturally-occurring or human-modified occurring or human-modified

toxin or biological agenttoxin or biological agent..

Biological WarfareBiological Warfare

Biological warfare (BW) is the use Biological warfare (BW) is the use of organisms that cause disease to of organisms that cause disease to harm or kill an adversary’s military harm or kill an adversary’s military forces, population, food or forces, population, food or livestock.livestock.

Biological agents are much Biological agents are much deadlier than chemical agents. It deadlier than chemical agents. It has been estimated that 10 grams has been estimated that 10 grams of anthrax could kill as many of anthrax could kill as many people as a ton of the nerve agent people as a ton of the nerve agent SarinSarin..

Brief overviewBrief overview We will be covering 3 different topicsWe will be covering 3 different topics..

History of the biological History of the biological weapons.weapons.

Types of agents that are used Types of agents that are used and the effects that these and the effects that these agents have on the human agents have on the human body.body.

How to prevent and protect How to prevent and protect yourself from bio – terrorism.yourself from bio – terrorism.

RYE ERGOT:RYE ERGOT:Used in 6Used in 6thth century B.C. century B.C.These are used to poison wellsThese are used to poison wellsSymptoms:Symptoms:Convulsions, madness and finally death.Convulsions, madness and finally death.

History of Biological weapon use

SNAKE VENOM:SNAKE VENOM:They were used in 190 B.C.They were used in 190 B.C.Hannibal used poisonous snakes by Hannibal used poisonous snakes by keeping them in enemy ships.keeping them in enemy ships.

ANIMAL CADAVERS:ANIMAL CADAVERS:They were practiced during 300 B.C.They were practiced during 300 B.C.Romans & Greeks used dead animals to Romans & Greeks used dead animals to contaminate wells and other water sources of contaminate wells and other water sources of the enemies.the enemies.PLAGUE:PLAGUE:Breakout of plague in 1346, it was spread Breakout of plague in 1346, it was spread through flea to human host.through flea to human host.

GLANDER-B-MALLEI:GLANDER-B-MALLEI:It was first used by Germans in 1915.It was first used by Germans in 1915.They used the agents called Glanders to They used the agents called Glanders to infect the allied country’s livestock.infect the allied country’s livestock.Symptoms:Symptoms:Fever, chest pain, headache and is fatal Fever, chest pain, headache and is fatal without treatment.without treatment.

BACILLUS ANTHRACISBACILLUS ANTHRACIS::A bacteria that causes anthrax, when they A bacteria that causes anthrax, when they are inhaledare inhaled. . Symptoms: Symptoms: respiratory infection followed by high fever, respiratory infection followed by high fever, vomiting, joint ache, labored breathing, and vomiting, joint ache, labored breathing, and internal and external bleeding lesions.internal and external bleeding lesions.Exposure is fatal.Exposure is fatal.

Anthrax LettersAnthrax Letters. In the fall of 2001, letters containing anthrax spores were mailed to many prominent people in the U.S.Tom Brokaw, Senator Tom Daschle, and the offices of the New York Post were among those who were targeted. According to the sources 23 people were infected and five died.

Not only these there are some other Not only these there are some other agents which are pathogenic and cause agents which are pathogenic and cause diseases like diseases like Q FEVER( Q FEVER(Coxiella Coxiella burnettiburnetti), SALMONELLOSIS, BOTULISM, ), SALMONELLOSIS, BOTULISM, BRUCELLOSIS BRUCELLOSIS etc.etc.

Anti-agriculture BW Anti-agriculture BW Second world war: herbicideSecond world war: herbicide Bio toxinsBio toxins Wheat blast & rice blastWheat blast & rice blast

Entomological WarfareEntomological Warfare Infected InsectsInfected Insects

Colorado potato beetle

Countries With or Suspect Countries With or Suspect of Having BW Programsof Having BW Programs

China China Taiwan Taiwan Iran Iran

Cuba Cuba Israel Israel RussiaRussia

USA USA North KoreaNorth Korea Iraq Iraq Syria Syria EgyptEgypt JapanJapan

Prevention & TreatmentPrevention & TreatmentIt includes the following:It includes the following:Water storageWater storageFood storageFood storageSuppliesSupplies

Water storageWater storage::Store at least one gallon per person Store at least one gallon per person and pet per day. and pet per day. Store at least a three-day supply of Store at least a three-day supply of water for each member of your family water for each member of your family Store in a cool, dark place in your Store in a cool, dark place in your home, vehicle and your workplace. home, vehicle and your workplace. Change stored water every six Change stored water every six monthsmonths

Food storage:Food storage:

• Store enough food for two weeks. • Store foods that require no refrigeration,

preparation or cooking . • Eat whole grain cereals and canned foods with high

liquid content if your water supplies are low. • If there's a power outage, eat food from the

refrigerator first, then from the freezer, and finally from stored supplies.

• Supplies:• Kitchen Supplies (manual can opener, plastic baggies,

knife)• Battery powered gadgets• First aid kit • Change of clothing and footwear for each person• Blankets or sleeping bags• Sanitation and hygiene items (soap/shampoo, hand

sanitizer, bleach)• Entertainment (magazines, books, games)• Matches in a waterproof container • Paper and Pencil

Treatment:Treatment:

• ThyroSafe Tablets (potassium iodide) as a thyroid-blocking agent for use in radiation emergencies.

• ATNAA (atropine/pralidoxime) auto injector to treat nerve gas intoxication. .

• Reactive Skin Decontamination Lotion for use by the military to remove or neutralize chemical warfare agents and T-2 fungal toxin from the skin

• Smallpox can be prevented through vaccination (Dryvax).

• The treatment for all types of anthrax is antibiotics. The antibiotics approved by the FDA are Cipro (ciprofloxacin), drugs in the tetracycline class such as doxycycline, and some drugs in the penicillin class such as procaine penicillin G etc.

• Antibiotics such as streptomycin, doxycycline, and other drugs in the tetracycline class are used to treat plague.