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Where can you find these plants?
Is it always raining here?
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Which place is cold?
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How about pond
water?What taste is the
sea water?
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Today, you are going tolearn biotic and abiotic
components ofecosystem
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Two components in ecology :
1) Abiotic components
Any of thenon-livingcomponents that make up of
the ecosystem
2) Biotic components Any of the livingorganism
that make up of the
ecosystem
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Abiotic components including:
a) pH
b) Temperature
c) Light Intensityd) Humidity
e) Topography
f) Microclimate
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a)
pH value influence the growth anddistribution of both aquatic and landorganisms.
Most of the organisms grow well with theneutral (pH=7)condition.
However, some organisms grow well inslightly acidic condition (pH7).
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1. Slightly acidic soil is suitable for plants such as maize,soya bean, tomato, barley, and potato. This is because
the nutrients like iron and magnesium are easily toabsorbed by the plants in acidic condition.
2. Slightly alkaline soil is for grow of the ferns, coconut,and casuarina.
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b)
Most of the organisms need the enzyme to speed upthe metabolic process.
Enzyme activity is affected by temperature. Extreme cold regions like polar region cause the
enzyme to work slowly so the productivity of polarregion is low .
Extreme hot region like deserts, the enzyme maydenature so the productivity is low.
To live in extreme places, some animals and plantshave develop their own adaptations to help themsurvive in these harsh conditions.
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c)
Light is important for living organisms especiallygreen plant.
Green plants receive and convert the light
energy for sunlight into chemical energy andstore in the form of organic compounds. What isthis process called ?
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Animals that living in polar region like polarbears have thick fur or skin to trap heatand prevent the loss of heat from bodies.
Plant like cactus have extreme reducedleaves to prevent the water loss since the
climate of desert is so hot.
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d)
The humidity of the air determine the water lossfrom plants and the animals. The rate of waterloss is low when the humidity is high.
Most of the organisms live in humid environmentto prevent water loss.
Why water is so important to living organisms ?
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e)
Topography is the description of the surfacefeature of a place or region and indicating theirrelative position and elevation.
Topography feature include altitude, gradient ofa slope and so on.
As a altitude of an area increases, its relativehumidity, temperature and atmosphere pressuredecreases.
Topography influence the number anddistribution of the organisms.
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The higher the mountain the fewer theorganisms have because at the peak of
the mountain, the oxygen, temperatureis at lower level.
Desert have relatively less organisms
because of the hot climate and shortageof the water.
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f)
Microclimate refers to the climate of a smallplace or a habitat (the place for particularorganisms to live).
Different microclimate have different humidity,light intensity, temperature , and so on.
Microclimate influence the number and thedistribution of the organism.
Examples of microclimate are below the tree, ina cave, and lake.
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1.Producer( Green Plant )
2.Primary consumer(Herbivores orOmnivorous)
3.Secondary consumer(Carnivores)
4.Tertiary consumers
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The Sun provides theenergy for life on Earth. Plants convert the energyin sunlight to stored energyin the form of sugars(glucose) using carbondioxide (in the air) and water(usually from the soilthrough their roots). Plants are called primaryproducers because theyproduce their own food. Plants are the first(primary) producers ofuseable energy for almosteverything else.
Click above to play clip
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Energy from the Sun which has been stored inplants (as sugars) can be passed on and convertedinto different types of energy when it is eaten(consumed) by animals.
The animals that eat plants are called PRIMARYCONSUMERS (or herbivores).
The animals that eat the PRIMARY CONSUMERS arecalled SECONDARY CONSUMERS (or carnivores).
The animals that eat SECONDARY CONSUMER ISCALLED TERTIARY CONSUMER.
Click on imageto see film clip
of a primaryconsumer
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This harvestmouse feeds ongrass seeds, cereals,berries, fruits andthe young shoots ofgrasses dependingon the time of year. It is a primary(first) consumer ofthe energy andnutrients stored inthe plant (the fuelwhich powers foodchains).
Click above to play clip
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This is a pine marten(related to stoats andweasels) hunting a vole.The energy stored in thevole (from the plants thatit ate) is passed on to thepine marten therefore itis called a secondaryconsumer.
Click above to play clip
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Golden eagles areboth secondary andtertiary consumersbecause they eatherbivores andcarnivores.
Q: If a golden eagle atethe pine marten, whattype of consumer wouldit be?A: A tertiary consumerwhich means that it isthird in line in the foodchain after thesecondary and primaryconsumers.Click above to play clip
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Producer
( Plants )
Primary Consumer( Herbivores or
Omnivorous )
SecondaryConsumer
(Carnivores)
TertiaryConsumer
(Carnivores)
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Primary producer, primary consumer, secondary consumerand tertiary consumer
Primary consumerPrimary consumer
Primary consumer
Primary consumer
Primaryconsumer
Secondary consumerSecondary consumer
Secondary consumer
Secondary consumer
Secondary consumer
Tertiary consumer
Tertiary consumer
Primary producerPrimary producer
Primary
producer
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First trophic level
Second trophic level
Third trophic level
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Numbers pyramid - compares the number ofindividuals in each trophic level.
Biomass pyramid - compares the the total dryweight of the organisms in each trophic level.
Energy pyramid - compares the total amount ofenergy available in each trophic level. This
energy is usually measured in kilocalories.
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The base of pyramid
is always occupy by
the producer (plant)
From the base of the
pyramid to the top of
the pyramid the
number of organism
decrease but the size
of the organisms at
each trophic level
increase.
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As go up trophic
levels, 90% of
energy will lose.
Only 10% energy can
be pass to the
next higher trophic
level.
So, the higher the
trophic level the
less energy are in
that particular
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Why the number of trophic levels inenergy pyramid seldom or nevermore than 5 ?
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When the energy flows from the one trophic to
higher trophic level, energy is lost throughrespiration, excretory wastes, and heat to
surrounding. Each tropic level receive less energythan the level below it. After 4 or 5 trophic level,
only a small amount of energy is left. The energyleft is insufficient to support more trophic level.
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Question:
What is ecosystem?
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Question:
What are abiotic
components?
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Any of thenon-livingcomponents that makeup of the ecosystem.
a) pH
b) Temperature
c) Light Intensityd) Humidity
e) Topography
f) Microclimate
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Question:
What are the biotic
components?
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Tertiaryconsumers
Secondaryconsumers
Primary
consumers
Producers
Biotic Components in Food Chain
Any of the living organism that
make up of the ecosystem
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Question:
What is the relationshipbetween Biotic componentsin food chain and Trophic
Levels?
Relationship between Biotic components in
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Relationship between Biotic components in
food chain and Trophic Levels
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