Material Safety Data Sheet Bis(chloromethyl) Ether sc-210941 Hazard Alert Code Key: EXTREME HIGH MODERATE LOW Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION PRODUCT NAME Bis(chloromethyl) Ether STATEMENT OF HAZARDOUS NATURE CONSIDERED A HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ACCORDING TO OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200. NFPA SUPPLIER Company: Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Address: 2145 Delaware Ave Santa Cruz, CA 95060 Telephone: 800.457.3801 or 831.457.3800 Emergency Tel: CHEMWATCH: From within the US and Canada: 877-715-9305 Emergency Tel: From outside the US and Canada: +800 2436 2255 (1-800-CHEMCALL) or call +613 9573 3112 PRODUCT USE ■ The use of a quantity of material in an unventilated or confined space may result in increased exposure and an irritating atmosphere developing. Before starting consider control of exposure by mechanical ventilation. Formerly used for chloromethylations. As an intermediate in preparation of strongly-basic anion ion exchange resins of the quaternary ammonium type. Byproduct generated in production and use of chloromethyl methyl ether. CMME CARE: Small amounts form in mixtures of formaldehyde and hydrogen chloride HCl gas and also in formaldehyde solutions containing chloride ions. SYNONYMS C2-H4-C12-O, BCME, "bis(chloromethyl) ether", bis-CME, chloro(chloromethoxy)methane, "chloromethyl ether", dichlorodimethylaether, "sym-dichloro-dimethyl ether", "1, 1' -dichlorodimethyl ether", "1, 1' -dichlorodimethyl ether", "dichlorodimethyl ether, symmetrical", "sym-dichloromethyl ether", "dimethyl-1, 1' -dichloroether", "dimethyl-1, 1' -dichloroether", "methane-1, 1' dichloroether", oxybis(chloromethane) Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION CANADIAN WHMIS SYMBOLS EMERGENCY OVERVIEW RISK Harmful if swallowed. Toxic in contact with skin. Very toxic by inhalation. May cause CANCER. HARMFUL - May cause lung damage if swallowed. FLAMMABILITY 3 HEALTH HAZARD 4 INSTABILITY 1
Transcript
Material Safety Data Sheet
Bis(chloromethyl) Ether
sc-210941
Hazard Alert CodeKey: EXTREME HIGH MODERATE LOW
Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION
PRODUCT NAMEBis(chloromethyl) Ether
STATEMENT OF HAZARDOUS NATURECONSIDERED A HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ACCORDING TO OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200.
NFPA
SUPPLIERCompany: Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.Address:2145 Delaware AveSanta Cruz, CA 95060Telephone: 800.457.3801 or 831.457.3800Emergency Tel: CHEMWATCH: From within the US andCanada: 877-715-9305Emergency Tel: From outside the US and Canada: +800 24362255 (1-800-CHEMCALL) or call +613 9573 3112
PRODUCT USE■ The use of a quantity of material in an unventilated or confined space may result in increased exposure and an irritatingatmosphere developing. Before starting consider control of exposure by mechanical ventilation. Formerly used forchloromethylations. As an intermediate in preparation of strongly-basic anion ion exchange resins of the quaternary ammoniumtype. Byproduct generated in production and use of chloromethyl methyl ether. CMME CARE: Small amounts form in mixturesof formaldehyde and hydrogen chloride HCl gas and also in formaldehyde solutions containing chloride ions.
EMERGENCY OVERVIEWRISKHarmful if swallowed.Toxic in contact with skin.Very toxic by inhalation.May cause CANCER.HARMFUL - May cause lung damage if swallowed.
FLAMMABILITY3HEALTH HAZARD4 INSTABILITY1
Flammable.
POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS
ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS SWALLOWED■ Accidental ingestion of the material may be harmful; animal experiments indicate that ingestion of less than 150 gram maybe fatal or may produce serious damage to the health of the individual.■ Swallowing of the liquid may cause aspiration into the lungs with the risk of chemical pneumonitis; serious consequencesmay result. (ICSC13733).■ Ingestion of formaldehyde may cause immediate severe abdominal pain, with vomiting, nausea, diarrhoea, anuria, dizziness,followed by unconsciousness, convulsions and may result in death.The methanol stabiliser in solutions is a cause of visual impairment and possible permanent blindness.■ Ingestion of alkyl ethers may produce stupor, blurred vision, headache, dizziness and irritation of the nose and throat.Respiratory distress and asphyxia may result.EYE■ There is some evidence to suggest that this material can causeeye irritation and damage in some persons.■ Eye contact with alkyl ethers (vapor or liquid) may produce irritation,redness and tears.SKIN■ Skin contact with the material may produce toxic effects; systemic effectsmay result following absorption.■ There is some evidence to suggest that this material can cause inflammation of the skin on contact in some persons.■ Alkyl ethers may defat and dehydrate the skin producing dermatoses. Absorption may produce headache, dizziness, andcentral nervous system depression.■ Minor regular skin contact with formaldehyde results in hardening of skin - tanning.Formaldehyde is a sensitising agent capable of inducing contact dermatitis. Episodes of contact dermatitis have beenobserved amongst workers exposed to formaldehyde in hospitals, in the production of formaldehyde resins, textiles, shampoosand laminated furniture. Contact urticaria has also been reported as a result of dermal exposure.■ Open cuts, abraded or irritated skin should not be exposed to this material.■ Entry into the blood-stream, through, for example, cuts, abrasions or lesions, may produce systemic injury with harmfuleffects. Examine the skin prior to the use of the material and ensure that any external damage is suitably protected.INHALED■ Inhalation of vapors or aerosols (mists, fumes), generated by the material during the course of normal handling, may produceseverely toxic effects; these may be fatal.■ Inhalation of vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness. This may be accompanied by narcosis, reduced alertness, lossof reflexes, lack of coordination and vertigo.■ There is some evidence to suggest that the material can cause respiratory irritation in some persons. The body's responseto such irritation can cause further lung damage.■ Acute exposure of rats and hamsters to bis(chloromethyl)ether resulted in pulmonary oedema, haemorrhage and necrotisingbronchitis.In rats, the acute inhalation LC50 for a 7-hour exposure has been estimated to be 7 ppm. The cause of death was acute lungirritation that resulted in congestion, edema and hemorrhage.■ Hydrogen chloride (HCl) vapour or fumes present a hazard from a single acute exposure. Exposures of 1300 to 2000 ppmhave been lethal to humans in a few minutes.Inhalation of HCl may cause choking, coughing, burning sensation and may cause ulceration of the nose, throat and larynx.Fluid on the lungs followed by generalised lung damage may follow.Breathing of HCl vapour may aggravate asthma and inflammatory or fibrotic pulmonary disease.High concentrations cause necrosis of the tracheal and bronchial epithelium, pulmonary oedema, atelectasis and emphysemaand damage to the pulmonary blood vessels and liver.■ Following inhalation, ethers cause lethargy and stupor. Inhaling lower alkyl ethers results in headache, dizziness, weakness,blurred vision, seizures and possible coma. Low blood pressure, slow heartbeat and cardiovascular collapse may be seen withthroat irritation, irregular breathing, pulmonary edema and respiratory arrest. Nausea, vomiting and salivation may be seen.There have been deaths reported, and convulsions and paralysis can be found in severe cases. Massive exposures can causedamage to the kidney and liver.■ Inhalation of vapour at relatively low concentrations may cause a tingling sensation in the nose and upper respiratory tract.Slightly higher concentrations may cause a burning sensation, headache.High vapour concentrations of formaldehyde arecapable of causing chest constriction, bronchiopneumonia, dysphagia, oedema, spasms of the larynx and dyspnoea.■ Inhalation of the vapor is hazardous and may even be fatal.
CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS■ There is sufficient evidence to suggest that this materialdirectly causes cancer in humans.Limited evidence suggests that repeated or long-term occupational exposure may produce cumulative health effects involvingorgans or biochemical systems.In humans, exposure to vapors of chloromethyl methyl ether (CME) containing bis(chloromethyl)ether BCME as a contaminantlead to increased incidence of chronic bronchitis, manifest as chronic cough and impaired respiratory functionBCME was found to be a potent alkylating carcinogen for mouse skin and a highly potent inducer of tumours of the respiratorytract in mice and rats. Repeated daily exposures of mice to 1 ppm BCME produced increased numbers of pulmonaryadenomas. In rats daily exposure to 0.1 ppm BCME produced squamous cell carcinomas of the lung and esthesio-neuroepitheliomas of the olfactory epithelium.Nine epidemiological studies have demonstrated that exposed workers have an increased risk of lung cancer with the relativerisk being 10-fold in heavily exposed workers. The risk increases with duration and cumulative exposure. Histologicalevaluation indicates that exposure results primarily in cancers of the small-cell type. The maximum relative risk appears tooccur 15-20 years after the first exposure and latency is shortened among workers with heavier exposure.Chronic minor exposure to hydrogen chloride (HCl) vapour or fume may cause discolouration or erosion of the teeth, bleedingof the nose and gums; and ulceration of the nasal mucous membranes.Repeated exposures of animals to concentrations of about 34 ppm HCl produced no immediate toxic effects.Workers exposed to hydrochloric acid suffered from gastritis and a number of cases of chronic bronchitis have also beenreported.Repeated or prolonged exposure to dilute solutions of HCl may cause dermatitis.Chronic exposure to alkyl ethers may result in loss of appetite, excessivethirst, fatigue, and weight loss.When administered by inhalation, formaldehyde induced squamous cell carcinomas of the nasal cavity in rats of both sexes.Although excess occurrence of a number of cancers has been reported in humans, the evidence for a possible involvement offormaldehyde is strongest for nasal and nasopharangeal cancer. The occurrence of these cancers showed an exposure-response gradient in more than one study, but the numbers of exposed cases were often small and some studies did not showexcesses In humans. Formaldehyde exposure has been associated with cancers of the lung, nasopharynx and oropharynx and
nasal passages.Several investigations have concluded that specific respiratory sensitisation occurs based on positive bronchial provocationtests amongst formaldehyde-exposed workers. These studies have been criticised for methodological reasons. One large studyhowever revealed that 5% of persons exposed to formaldehyde and had asthma-like symptoms met the study criteria forformaldehyde-induced asthma; this included a positive response on a bronchial provocation test with 2.5 mg/m3 formaldehyde.Although differential individual sensitivity has been established, the mechanism for this increased sensitivity is unknown.There is limited evidence that formaldehyde has any adverse effect on reproduction or development in humans. Aninvestigation of reproductive function in female workers exposed to formaldehyde in the garment industry, revealed anincreased incidence of menstrual disorders, inflammatory disease of the reproductive tract, sterility, anaemia, and low birthweights amongst off-spring.
Section 3 - COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
HAZARD RATINGS Min Max
Flammability: 2
Toxicity: 4
Body Contact: 3
Reactivity: 2
Chronic: 4
Min/Nil=0Low=1Moderate=2High=3Extreme=4
NAME CAS RN %
bis(chloromethyl)ether 542-88-1 >98
hydrolyses to
formaldehyde 50-00-0
hydrogen chloride 7647-01-0
Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
SWALLOWED■
If swallowed do NOT induce vomiting.If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain open airway andprevent aspiration.Observe the patient carefully.Never give liquid to a person showing signs of being sleepy or with reduced awareness; i.e. becoming unconscious.Give water to rinse out mouth, then provide liquid slowly and as much as casualty can comfortably drink.Seek medical advice.Avoid giving milk or oils.Avoid giving alcohol.If spontaneous vomiting appears imminent or occurs, hold patient's head down, lower than their hips to help avoid possibleaspiration of vomitus.
EYE■ If this product comes in contact with the eyes:
Immediately hold eyelids apart and flush the eye continuously with running water.Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and moving the eyelids by occasionallylifting the upper and lower lids.Continue flushing until advised to stop by the Poisons Information Center or a doctor, or for at least 15 minutes.Transport to hospital or doctor without delay.Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled personnel.
SKIN■ If skin or hair contact occurs:
Quickly but gently, wipe material off skin with a dry, clean cloth.Immediately remove all contaminated clothing, including footwear.Wash skin and hair with running water. Continue flushing with water until advised to stop by the Poisons InformationCenter.Transport to hospital, or doctor.
INHALED■
If fumes or combustion products are inhaled remove from contaminated area.Lay patient down. Keep warm and rested.Prostheses such as false teeth, which may block airway, should be removed, where possible, prior to initiating first aidprocedures.Apply artificial respiration if not breathing, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve mask device, or pocketmask as trained. Perform CPR if necessary.Transport to hospital, or doctor, without delay.
NOTES TO PHYSICIAN■ for lower alkyl ethers:--------------------------------------------------------------BASIC TREATMENT
--------------------------------------------------------------Establish a patent airway with suction where necessary.Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilation as necessary.Administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask at 10 t0 15 l/min.A low-stimulus environment must be maintained.Monitor and treat, where necessary, for shock.Anticipate and treat, where necessary, for seizures.DO NOT use emetics. Where ingestion is suspected rinse mouth and give up to 200 ml water (5 ml/kg recommended) fordilution where patient is able to swallow, has a strong gag reflex and does not drool.
Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in unconscious patient or where respiratory arrest hasoccurred.Positive-pressure ventilation using a bag-valve mask might be of use.Monitor and treat, where necessary, for arrhythmias.Start an IV D5W TKO. If signs of hypovolemia are present use lactated Ringers solution. Fluid overload might createcomplications.Drug therapy should be considered for pulmonary edema.Hypotension without signs of hypovolemia may require vasopressors.Treat seizures with diazepam.Proparacaine hydrochloride should be used to assist eye irrigation.
Laboratory analysis of complete blood count, serum electrolytes, BUN, creatinine, glucose, urinalysis, baseline for serumaminotransferases (ALT and AST), calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, may assist in establishing a treatment regime.Other useful analyses include anion and osmolar gaps, arterial blood gases (ABGs), chest radiographs andelectrocardiograph.Ethers may produce anion gap acidosis. Hyperventilation and bicarbonate therapy might be indicated.Hemodialysis might be considered in patients with impaired renal function.Consult a toxicologist as necessary.
BRONSTEIN, A.C. and CURRANCE, P.L. EMERGENCY CARE FOR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS EXPOSURE: 2nd Ed. 1994.For acute or short-term repeated exposures to formaldehyde:INGESTION:
Patients present early with severe corrosion of the gastro-intestinal tract and systemic effects.Inflammation and ulceration may progress to strictures.Severe acidosis results from rapid conversion of formaldehyde to formic acid. Coma, hypotension, renal failure and apneacomplicate ingestion.Decontaminate by dilution with milk or water containing ammonium acetate; vomiting should be induced. Follow with gastriclavage using a weak ammonia solution (converts formaldehyde to relatively inert pentamethylenetetramine)Gastric lavage is warranted only in first 15 minutes following ingestion.
SKIN:Formaldehyde can combine with epidermal protein to produce a hapten-protein couples capable of sensitizing T-lymphocytes. Subsequent exposures cause a type IV hypersensitivity reaction (i.e. allergic contact dermatitis).
[Ellenhorn Barceloux: Medical Toxicology].
Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
Vapor Pressure (mmHg): 30.002 @ 22 C
Upper Explosive Limit (%): Not available
Specific Gravity (water=1): 1.27
Lower Explosive Limit (%): Not available
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA■
Foam.Dry chemical powder.BCF (where regulations permit).Carbon dioxide.Water spray or fog - Large fires only.
FIRE FIGHTING■
Alert Emergency Responders and tell them location and nature of hazard.Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves for fire only.Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course.Use fire fighting procedures suitable for surrounding area.Do not approach containers suspected to be hot.Cool fire exposed containers with water spray from a protected location.If safe to do so, remove containers from path of fire.Equipment should be thoroughly decontaminated after use.
GENERAL FIRE HAZARDS/HAZARDOUS COMBUSTIBLE PRODUCTS■
Liquid and vapor are flammable.Moderate fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame.Vapor forms an explosive mixture with air.Moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame.
Vapor may travel a considerable distance to source of ignition.Heating may cause expansion or decomposition leading to violent rupture of containers.On combustion, may emit toxic fumes of carbon monoxide (CO).
Combustion products include: carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen chloride, phosgene, other pyrolysis products typical of burningorganic material.Contains low boiling substance: Closed containers may rupture due to pressure buildup under fire conditions.May emit poisonous fumes.WARNING: Long standing in contact with air and light may result in the formationof potentially explosive peroxides.FIRE INCOMPATIBILITY■ Avoid contamination with oxidizing agents i.e. nitrates, oxidizing acids,chlorine bleaches, pool chlorine etc. as ignition mayresult.
PERSONAL PROTECTIONGlasses:Chemical goggles.Gloves:Respirator:Type BAX-P Filter of sufficient capacity
Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
MINOR SPILLS■
Remove all ignition sources.Clean up all spills immediately.Avoid breathing vapors and contact with skin and eyes.Control personal contact by using protective equipment.Contain and absorb small quantities with vermiculite or other absorbent material.Wipe up.Collect residues in a flammable waste container.
MAJOR SPILLS■
Clear area of personnel and move upwind.Alert Emergency Responders and tell them location and nature of hazard.Wear full body protective clothing with breathing apparatus.Prevent, by all means available, spillage from entering drains or water courses.Consider evacuation (or protect in place).No smoking, naked lights or ignition sources.Increase ventilation.Stop leak if safe to do so.Water spray or fog may be used to disperse / absorb vapour.Contain or absorb spill with sand, earth or vermiculite.Collect recoverable product into labelled containers for recycling.Collect solid residues and seal in labelled drums for disposal.Wash area and prevent runoff into drains.After clean up operations, decontaminate and launder all protective clothing and equipment before storing and re-using.If contamination of drains or waterways occurs, advise emergency services.
Chemical Class: ester and ethersFor release onto land: recommended sorbents listed in order of priority.SORBENT TYPE RANK APPLICATION COLLECTION LIMITATIONSLAND SPILL - SMALLcross-linked polymer -particulate 1 shovel shovel R, W, SS
expanded mineral -particulate 4 blower skiploader R, I, W, P, DGC
wood fiber - particulate 4 blower skiploader R, W, P, DGCLegendDGC: Not effective where ground cover is denseR; Not reusableI: Not incinerableP: Effectiveness reduced when rainyRT:Not effective where terrain is ruggedSS: Not for use within environmentally sensitive sites
W: Effectiveness reduced when windyReference: Sorbents for Liquid Hazardous Substance Cleanup and Control;R.W Melvold et al: Pollution Technology Review No. 150: Noyes Data Corporation 1988.
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS FOR SPILL
From IERG (Canada/Australia)Isolation Distance 25 metersDownwind ProtectionDistance
250meters
FOOTNOTES
1 PROTECTIVE ACTION ZONE is defined as the area in which people are at risk of harmful exposure. This zone assumes that random changes in winddirection confines the vapour plume to an area within 30 degrees on either side of the predominant wind direction, resulting in a crosswind protective actiondistance equal to the downwind protective action distance.2 PROTECTIVE ACTIONS should be initiated to the extent possible, beginning with those closest to the spill and working away from the site in the downwinddirection. Within the protective action zone a level of vapour concentration may exist resulting in nearly all unprotected persons becoming incapacitated andunable to take protective action and/or incurring serious or irreversible health effects.3 INITIAL ISOLATION ZONE is determined as an area, including upwind of the incident, within which a high probability of localised wind reversal may exposenearly all persons without appropriate protection to life-threatening concentrations of the material.4 SMALL SPILLS involve a leaking package of 200 litres (55 US gallons) or less, such as a drum (jerrican or box with inner containers). Larger packagesleaking less than 200 litres and compressed gas leaking from a small cylinder are also considered "small spills". LARGE SPILLS involve many small leakingpackages or a leaking package of greater than 200 litres, such as a cargo tank, portable tank or a "one-tonne" compressed gas cylinder.5 Guide 153 is taken from the US DOT emergency response guide book.6 IERG information is derived from CANUTEC - Transport Canada.
ACUTE EXPOSURE GUIDELINE LEVELS (AEGL) (in ppm)bis(chloro
methyl)eth
er
AEGL Type 10 min 30 min 60 min 4 hr 8 hr
AEGL 1 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 GALSYN~
AEGL 2 100 43 22 11 GALSYN~
AEGL 3 620 210 100 26 GALSYN~
hydrogen
chloride
AEGL Type 10 min 30 min 60 min 4 hr 8 hr
AEGL 1 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 GALSYN~
AEGL 2 100 43 22 11 GALSYN~
AEGL 3 620 210 100 26 GALSYN~AEGL 1: The airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predictedthat the general population, including susceptible individuals, couldexperience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic nonsensoryeffects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient andreversible upon cessation of exposure.AEGL 2: The airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predictedthat the general population, including susceptible individuals, couldexperience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effectsor an impaired ability to escape.AEGL 3: The airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predictedthat the general population, including susceptible individuals, couldexperience life-threatening health effects or death.
EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANNING GUIDELINES (ERPG)
The maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed that nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hourWITHOUT experiencing or developing
life-threatening health effects is:bis(chloromethyl)ether 0.5ppm
irreversible or other serious effects or symptoms which could impair an individual's ability to take protective action is:bis(chloromethyl)ether 0.1ppm
other than mild, transient adverse effects without perceiving a clearly defined odour is:
bis(chloromethyl)ether ID‡
American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA)
Ingredients considered according exceed the following cutoffsVery Toxic (T+) >= 0.1% Toxic (T) >= 3.0%R50 >= 0.25% Corrosive (C) >= 5.0%R51 >= 2.5% else >= 10% where percentage is percentage of ingredient found in the mixture
Section 7 - HANDLING AND STORAGE
PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING■ The tendency of many ethers to form explosive peroxides is well documented. Ethers lacking non-methyl hydrogen atomsadjacent to the ether link are thought to be relatively safe
DO NOT concentrate by evaporation, or evaporate extracts to dryness, as residues may contain explosive peroxides withDETONATION potential.Any static discharge is also a source of hazard.Before any distillation process remove trace peroxides by shaking with excess 5% aqueous ferrous sulfate solution or bypercolation through a column of activated alumina.Distillation results in uninhibited ether distillate with considerably increased hazard because of risk of peroxide formation onstorage.Add inhibitor to any distillate as required.When solvents have been freed from peroxides by percolation through columns of activated alumina, the absorbedperoxides must promptly be desorbed by treatment with polar solvents such as methanol or water, which should then bedisposed of safely.
Contains low boiling substance:Storage in sealed containers may result in pressure buildup causing violent rupture of containers not rated appropriately.
Check for bulging containers.Vent periodicallyAlways release caps or seals slowly to ensure slow dissipation of vaporsDO NOT allow clothing wet with material to stay in contact with skin
The substance accumulates peroxides which may become hazardous only if it evaporates or is distilled or otherwise treated toconcentrate the peroxides. The substance may concentrate around the container opening for example.Purchases of peroxidizable chemicals should be restricted to ensure that the chemical is used completely before it can becomeperoxidized.
A responsible person should maintain an inventory of peroxidizable chemicals or annotate the general chemical inventory toindicate which chemicals are subject to peroxidation. An expiration date should be determined. The chemical should eitherbe treated to remove peroxides or disposed of before this date.The person or laboratory receiving the chemical should record a receipt date on the bottle. The individual opening thecontainer should add an opening date.Unopened containers received from the supplier should be safe to store for 18 months.Opened containers should not be stored for more than 12 months.
RECOMMENDED STORAGE METHODS■
Lined metal can, Lined metal pail/drumPlastic pailPolyliner drumPacking as recommended by manufacturer.Check all containers are clearly labeled and free from leaks.
For low viscosity materialsDrums and jerricans must be of the non-removable head type.Where a can is to be used as an inner package, the can must have a screwed enclosure.
For materials with a viscosity of at least 2680 cSt. (23 deg. C) and solids (between 15 C deg. and 40 deg C.):Removable head packaging;Cans with friction closures andlow pressure tubes and cartridges may be used.
- Where combination packages are used, and the inner packages are of glass, there must be sufficient inert cushioningmaterial in contact with inner and outer packages * . - In addition, where inner packagings are glass and contain liquids ofpacking group I and II there must be sufficient inert absorbent to absorb any spillage *. - * unless the outer packaging is aclose fitting molded plastic box and the substances are not incompatible with the plastic. All inner and sole packagings forsubstances that have been assigned to Packaging Groups I or II on the basis of inhalation toxicity criteria, must be hermeticallysealed.STORAGE REQUIREMENTS■
Store in original containers.Keep containers securely sealed.Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area.Store away from incompatible materials and foodstuff containers.Protect containers against physical damage and check regularly for leaks.Observe manufacturer's storing and handling recommendations.
SAFE STORAGE WITH OTHER CLASSIFIED CHEMICALS
X X + X X +
X: Must not be stored togetherO: May be stored together with specific preventions+: May be stored together
Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
EXPOSURE CONTROLS
Source Material TWAppm
TWAmg/m³
STELppm
STELmg/m³
Peakppm
Peakmg/m³
TWAF/CC Notes
Canada - Alberta OccupationalExposure Limits
bis(chloromethyl)ether(Bis(Chloromethyl)ether)
0.001 0.005
Canada - British ColumbiaOccupational Exposure Limits
bis(chloromethyl)ether(bis(Chloromethyl)ether)
0.001 A1, 1
Canada - Ontario OccupationalExposure Limits
bis(chloromethyl)ether(Oxybis(chloromethane))
0.001 0.005
US ACGIH Threshold Limit Values(TLV)
bis(chloromethyl)ether(bis(Chloromethyl)ether)
0.001 TLV Basis:lung cancer
US ATSDR Minimal Risk Levels forHazardous Substances (MRLs)
bis(chloromethyl)ether(BIS(CHLOROMETHYL)ETHER)
0.0003
US - California PermissibleExposure Limits for ChemicalContaminants
bis(chloromethyl)ether(bis-Chloromethyl ether,see also Section 5209)
0.001 0.005
Canada - Yukon PermissibleConcentrations for AirborneContaminant Substances
Canada - SaskatchewanOccupational Health and SafetyRegulations - Contamination Limits
formaldehyde(Formaldehyde) 0.3 SEN, T20
Canada - Quebec PermissibleExposure Values for AirborneContaminants (English)
formaldehyde(Formaldehyde) 2 3
US - Wyoming Toxic andHazardous Substances Table Z-2Acceptable ceiling concentration,Acceptable maximum peak abovethe acceptable ceilingconcentration for an 8-hr shift
formaldehyde(Formaldehyde: see1910.1048)
0.75 2
US OSHA Permissible ExposureLevels (PELs) - Table Z1
formaldehyde(Formaldehyde; see1910.1048)
0.75 2
US OSHA Permissible ExposureLevels (PELs) - Table Z2
formaldehyde(Formaldehyde; see1910.1048)
2
US - Wyoming Toxic andHazardous Substances Table Z1Limits for Air Contaminants
Canada - Prince Edward IslandOccupational Exposure Limits
hydrogen chloride(Hydrogen chloride) 2
TLV Basis:upperrespiratorytractirritation
EMERGENCY EXPOSURE LIMITSMaterial Revised IDLH Value (mg/m3) Revised IDLH Value (ppm)
bis(chloromethyl)ether 50
formaldehyde 20
hydrogen chloride 50
MATERIAL DATABIS(CHLOROMETHYL)ETHER:HYDROGEN CHLORIDE:■ for hydrogen chloride:Odour Threshold Value: 0.262 ppm (detection), 10.06 ppm (recognition)NOTE: Detector tubes for hydrochloric acid, measuring in excess of 1 ppm, are available commercially.Hydrogen chloride is a strong irritant to the eyes, mucous membranes and skin. Chronic exposure produces a corrosive actionon the teeth. Reports of respiratory irritation following short-term exposure at 5 ppm have lead to the recommended TLV-C.There is no indication that skin contact with hydrogen chloride elicits systemic poisoning and a skin designation has not beenapplied.Exposure of humans to hydrogen chloride at 50 to 100 ppm for 1 hour is reported to be barely tolerable; 35 ppm causedirritation of the throat on short exposure and 10 ppm was the maximal concentration for prolonged exposure. It has beenstated that hydrogen chloride at concentrations of 5 ppm is immediately irritating.Odour Safety Factor(OSF)OSF=1.3 (HYDROGEN CHLORIDE).BIS(CHLOROMETHYL)ETHER:FORMALDEHYDE:■ Odour Threshold Value for formaldehyde: 0.98 ppm (recognition)NOTE: Detector tubes for formaldehyde, measuring in excess of 0.2 ppm are available commercially.Formaldehyde vapour exposure:Primary irritation is dependent on duration of exposure and individual susceptibility.The following are typical symptoms encountered at various exposure levels.0.1 ppm - Lower level of mucous eye, nose and throat irritation0.8 ppm - Typical threshold of perception1-2 ppm - Typical threshold of irritation2-3 ppm - Irritation of eyes, nose and throat4-5 ppm - Increased irritation, tearing, headache, pungent odour10-20 ppm - Profuse tearing, severe burning, coughing50 ppm - Serious bronchial and alveolar damage100 ppm - Formaldehyde induced chemical pneumonia and deathDespite the intent of the TLV Ceiling recommendation it is believed that 0.3 ppm will not protect that portion of the workforce(up to 20%) reported to be responsive to low ambient concentrations. Because of the dose-related carcinogenic activity for ratand mouse inhalation of formaldehyde, the report of macromolecular adducts in the upper and lower respiratory tracts ofnonhuman primates following inhalation of formaldehyde, the human case reports of upper respiratory tract malignantmelanoma associated withformaldehyde inhalation and the suggestive epidemiologic data on human cancer risk, the TLV Committee recommends thatworkplace formaldehyde air concentrations be reduced to the lowest possible levels that can be achieved using engineeringcontrols.Odour Safety Factor(OSF)OSF=0.36 (FORMALDEHYDE).BIS(CHLOROMETHYL)ETHER:■ for bis(chloromethyl)ether:Exposure at or below the TLV-TWA is recommended to provide a satisfactory margin of safety from the development of nasaltumours (in non-smokers).
PERSONAL PROTECTION
Consult your EHS staff for recommendationsEYE■
Safety glasses with side shields.Chemical goggles.Contact lenses pose a special hazard; soft lenses may absorb irritants and all lenses concentrate them. DO NOT wearcontact lenses.
HANDS/FEET■ Wear chemical protective gloves, eg. PVC.Wear safety footwear or safety gumboots, eg. Rubber.Suitability and durability of glove type is dependent on usage. Important factors in the selection of gloves include: such as:
frequency and duration of contact,
chemical resistance of glove material,glove thickness anddexterity
Select gloves tested to a relevant standard (e.g. Europe EN 374, US F739).When prolonged or frequently repeated contact may occur, a glove with a protection class of 5 or higher (breakthrough timegreater than 240 minutes according to EN 374) is recommended.When only brief contact is expected, a glove with a protection class of 3 or higher (breakthrough time greater than 60minutes according to EN 374) is recommended.Contaminated gloves should be replaced.
Gloves must only be worn on clean hands. After using gloves, hands should be washed and dried thoroughly. Application of anon-perfumed moisturiser is recommended.OTHER■
Employees working with confirmed human carcinogens should be provided with, and be required to wear, clean, full bodyprotective clothing (smocks, coveralls, or long-sleeved shirt and pants), shoe covers and gloves prior to entering theregulated area.Employees engaged in handling operations involving carcinogens should be provided with, and required to wear and usehalf-face filter-type respirators with filters for dusts, mists and fumes, or air purifying canisters or cartridges. A respiratoraffording higher levels of protection may be substituted.Emergency deluge showers and eyewash fountains, supplied with potable water, should be located near, within sight of,and on the same level with locations where direct exposure is likely.Prior to each exit from an area containing confirmed human carcinogens, employees should be required to remove andleave protective clothing and equipment at the point of exit and at the last exit of the day, to place used clothing andequipment in impervious containers at the point of exit for purposes of decontamination or disposal. The contents of suchimpervious containers must be identified with suitable labels. For maintenance and decontamination activities, authorizedemployees entering the area should be provided with and required to wear clean, impervious garments, including gloves,boots and continuous-air supplied hood.Prior to removing protective garments the employee should undergo decontamination and be required to shower uponremoval of the garments and hood.
RESPIRATOR■ Selection of the Class and Type of respirator will depend upon the level of breathing zone contaminant and the chemicalnature of the contaminant. Protection Factors (defined as the ratio of contaminant outside and inside the mask) may also beimportant.Breathing Zone Level ppm(volume) Maximum Protection Factor Half-face Respirator Full-Face Respirator
1000 10 BAX-1 P -1000 50 - BAX-1 P5000 50 Airline* -5000 100 - BAX-2 P10000 100 - BAX-3 P
100+ Airline* ** - Continuous Flow ** - Continuous-flow or positive pressure demand.The local concentration of material, quantity and conditions of use determine the type of personal protective equipmentrequired. Use appropriate NIOSH-certified respirator based on informed professional judgement. In conditions where no reasonableestimate of exposure can be made, assume the exposure is in a concentration IDLH and use NIOSH-certified full facepressure demand SCBA with a minimum service life of 30 minutes, or a combination full facepiece pressure demand SAR withauxiliary self-contained air supply. Respirators provided only for escape from IDLH atmospheres shall be NIOSH-certified forescape from the atmosphere in which they will be used.
ENGINEERING CONTROLS■
Employees exposed to confirmed human carcinogens should be authorized to do so by the employer, and work in aregulated area.Work should be undertaken in an isolated system such as a "glove-box" . Employees should wash their hands and armsupon completion of the assigned task and before engaging in other activities not associated with the isolated system.Within regulated areas, the carcinogen should be stored in sealed containers, or enclosed in a closed system, includingpiping systems, with any sample ports or openings closed while the carcinogens are contained within.Open-vessel systems are prohibited.Each operation should be provided with continuous local exhaust ventilation so that air movement is always from ordinarywork areas to the operation.Exhaust air should not be discharged to regulated areas, non-regulated areas or the external environment unlessdecontaminated. Clean make-up air should be introduced in sufficient volume to maintain correct operation of the localexhaust system.For maintenance and decontamination activities, authorized employees entering the area should be provided with andrequired to wear clean, impervious garments, including gloves, boots and continuous-air supplied hood. Prior to removingprotective garments the employee should undergo decontamination and be required to shower upon removal of thegarments and hood.Except for outdoor systems, regulated areas should be maintained under negative pressure (with respect to non-regulatedareas).Local exhaust ventilation requires make-up air be supplied in equal volumes to replaced air.Laboratory hoods must be designed and maintained so as to draw air inward at an average linear face velocity of 150 feet/min. with a minimum of 125 feet/ min. Design and construction of the fume hood requires that insertion of any portion of theemployees body, other than hands and arms, be disallowed.
Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Liquid.
Toxic or noxious vapors/ gas.State Liquid Molecular Weight 114.96
Melting Range (°F) -42.7 Viscosity Not Available
Boiling Range (°F) 320 Solubility in water (g/L) Reacts
Flash Point (°F) 107.6 pH (1% solution) Not applicable
Decomposition Temp (°F) Not Available pH (as supplied) Not applicable
Autoignition Temp (°F) Not available Vapor Pressure (mmHg) 30.002 @ 22 C
Upper Explosive Limit (%) Not available Specific Gravity (water=1) 1.27
Lower Explosive Limit (%) Not available Relative Vapor Density (air=1) >1
Volatile Component (%vol) 100 Evaporation Rate Not available
APPEARANCEColourless liquid with suffocating odour and high vapour pressure; decomposed by heat and water. Soluble in most organicsolvents.
Section 10 - CHEMICAL STABILITY
CONDITIONS CONTRIBUTING TO INSTABILITY■
Presence of incompatible materials.Product is considered stable.Hazardous polymerization will not occur.
STORAGE INCOMPATIBILITY■ Hydrogen chloride:
reacts strongly with strong oxidisers (releasing chlorine gas), acetic anhydride, caesium cyanotridecahydrodecaborate(2-),ethylidene difluoride, hexalithium disilicide, metal acetylide, sodium, silicon dioxide, tetraselenium tetranitride, and manyorganic materialsis incompatible with aliphatic amines, alkanolamines, alkylene oxides, aluminium, aluminium-titanium alloys, aromaticamines, amides, 2-aminoethanol, ammonia, ammonium hydroxide, calcium phosphide, chlorosulfonic acid, ethylenediamine,ethyleneimine, epichlorohydrin, isocyanates, metal acetylides, metal carbides, oleum, organic anhydrides, perchloric acid, 3-propiolactone, sulfuric acid, uranium phosphide, vinyl acetate, vinylidene fluorideattacks most metals forming flammable hydrogen gas, and some plastics, rubbers and coatings
Ethers may react violently with strong oxidizing agents and acids.Formaldehyde:
is a strong reducing agentmay polymerise in air unless properly inhibited (usually with methanol up to 15%) and stored at controlled temperatureswill polymerize with active organic material such as phenolreacts violently with strong oxidisers, hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, acrylonitrile, caustics (sodiumhydroxide, yielding formic acid and flammable hydrogen), magnesium carbonate, nitromethane, nitrogen oxides (especiallya elevated temperatures), peroxyformic acidis incompatible with strong acids (hydrochloric acid forms carcinogenic bis(chloromethyl)ether*), amines, ammonia, aniline,bisulfides, gelatin, iodine, magnesite, phenol, some monomers, tannins, salts of copper, iron, silver.acid catalysis can produce impurities: methylal, methyl formate
Aqueous solutions of formaldehyde:slowly oxidise in air to produce formic acidattack carbon steel
Concentrated solutions containing formaldehyde are:unstable, both oxidising slowly to form formic acid and polymerising; in dilute aqueous solutions formaldehyde appears asmonomeric hydrate (methylene glycol) - the more concentrated the solution the more polyoxymethylene glycol occurs asoligomers and polymers (methanol and amine-containing compounds inhibit polymer formation)readily subject to polymerisation, at room temperature, in the presence of air and moisture, to form paraformaldehyde (8-100 units of formaldehyde), a solid mixture of linear polyoxymethylene glycols containing 90-99% formaldehyde; a cyclictrimer, trioxane (CH2O3), may also form.
Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of aldehydes with azo, diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates,nitrides, and strong reducing agents.*The empirical equation may be used to determine the concentration of bis(chloromethyl)ether (BCME) formed by reaction withHCl:log(BCME)ppb = -2.25 + 0.67 log(HCHO) ppm + 0.77 log(HCl)ppmAssume values for formaldehyde, in air, of 1 ppm and for HCl of 5 ppm, resulting BCME concentration, in air, would be 0.02ppb.Segregate from alcohol, water.
The tendency of many ethers to form explosive peroxides is well documented.Ethers lacking non-methyl hydrogen atoms adjacent to the ether link are thought to be relatively safe.When solvents have been freed from peroxides (by percolation through a column of activated alumina for example), theabsorbed peroxides must promptly be desorbed by treatment with the polar solvents methanol or water, which should bediscarded safely.
Avoid reaction with oxidizing agents.NOTE: May develop pressure in containers; open carefully. Vent periodically.
For incompatible materials - refer to Section 7 - Handling and Storage.
Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
bis(chloromethyl)ether
TOXICITY AND IRRITATION■ unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.TOXICITY IRRITATION
Inhalation (Human) TCLo: 3 ppm/4h
Oral (Rat) LD50: 267 mg/kg *
Inhalation (Rat) LC50: 7 ppm/7h
Inhalation (Mouse) LC50: 25 mg/m³/6h
Dermal (Rabbit) LD50: 356 mg/kg*■ Due to the high chemical reactivity of alpha-halo ethers, toxic effects are expected to be found in this class of compounds.Indeed a number of alpha-halo ethers have proven to be carcinogenic. Epidemiological studies on workers exposed tochloromethyl methyl ether (CME) and bis(chloromethyl)ether (BCME) showed an increased incidence in lung cancer. In additionthe latent period seem to be shorter for these chemicals compared to other known lung carcinogens i.e. 7-15 years comparedto 17-25 years.The biological activity of alpha-halo ethers probably comes from the easy formation of reactive intermediates. In addition topossible reaction of alpha-halo ethers with DNA, hydrolysis may also yield toxic product Inhalation of any chloromethyl ethersmay cause formation of BMCE in the respiratory tract. BCME is one of the most potent chemical carcinogens known. CME andBCME belong to chemicals referred to as direct-acting agents. They exert their action directly at target sites as opposed toindirect-acting agents which have to be metabolised first to become carcinogenic.Most of the alpha-chloro ethers that have been tested for carcinogenity are bifunctional compounds. This relates to findings forother alkylating agents with respect to carcinogenity: Mono-functional compounds are much less carcinogenic than bifunctionalPresumably the carcinogenity of alpha-halo ethers has something to do with the very good leaving group ability of the halogenin these compounds i. e. they are good alkylating agents. beta-Chloro ethers, where the halogen is a not as good a leaving asin the alpha-chloro ethers, are not carcinogenic. The high reactivity of alpha-chloro ethers comes from the stabilization of anintermediate carbocation by lone pair electrons on the oxygen. Anything that reduces the possibility of the lone pair to interactwith the incipient carbocation, reduces the reactivity of the alpha-halo ether.WARNING: This substance has been classified by the IARC as Group 1: CARCINOGENIC TO HUMANS.Tenth Annual Report on Carcinogens: Substance known to be Carcinogenic[National Toxicology Program: U.S. Dep. of Health and Human Services 2002].* calculated
CARCINOGENBis(chloromethyl)ether and chloromethylmethyl ether (technical-grade)
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) -Agents Reviewed by the IARC Monographs Group 1
Hydrochloric acid International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) -Agents Reviewed by the IARC Monographs Group 3
Bis(chloromethyl)ether (BCME) US EPA Carcinogens Listing Carcinogenicity A
Bis(chloromethyl)ether (BCME) US ACGIH Threshold Limit Values (TLV) - Carcinogens CarcinogenCategory A
Refer to data for ingredients, which follows:FORMALDEHYDE:HYDROGEN CHLORIDE:BIS(CHLOROMETHYL)ETHER:■ DO NOT discharge into sewer or waterways.FORMALDEHYDE:BIS(CHLOROMETHYL)ETHER:■ For formaldehyde:Environmental fate:Formaldehyde is ubiquitous in the environment as a contaminant of smoke and as photochemical smog.In the atmosphere, formaldehyde both photolyses and reacts with reactive free radicals (primarily hydroxyl radicals); half-livesin the sunlit tropospheres are 1.25 to 6 hours for photolysis, and 7.13-71.3 hours for reaction with hydroxyl radicals).Reaction with nitrate radicals, insignificant during the day, may be an important removal process at night. Due to its solubility,formaldehyde will efficiently transfer to rain and surface water; one model predicts dry deposition and wet removal half-lives of19 and 50 hours, respectively.In water, formaldehyde will biodegrade to low concentrations within days; adsorption to sediment and volatilisation are notexpected to be significant routes.In soil, aqueous solutions of formaldehyde leach through the soil; at high concentrations adsorption to clay minerals may occur.Although biodegradable under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions the fate of formaldehyde in soil is unclear.It does not bioconcentrate in the food chain.Concentrated solutions containing formaldehyde are unstable, both oxidising slowly to form formic acid and polymerising. In thepresence of air and moisture, polymerisation takes place readily in concentrated solutions at room temperature to formparaformaldehyde, a solid mixture of linear polyoxymethylene glycols containing 90-99% formaldehyde.Drinking Water Standards:hydrocarbon total: 10 ug/l (UK max.)pesticide: 0.1 ug/l (UK max.)formaldehyde: 900 ug/l (WHO guideline)Air Quality Standards:<0.1 mg/m3 as a 30 min. average, indoor air, non-industrial buildings(WHO guideline).BIS(CHLOROMETHYL)ETHER:■ Hazardous Air Pollutant: Yes
■ Fish LC50 (96hr.) (mg/l): 0.9- 3.4
■ Half- life Soil - High (hours): 0.106
■ Half- life Soil - Low (hours): 0.0106
■ Half- life Air - High (hours): 1.96
■ Half- life Air - Low (hours): 0.196
■ Half- life Surface water - High (hours): 0.106
■ Half- life Surface water - Low (hours): 106
■ Half- life Ground water - High (hours): 0.106
■ Half- life Ground water - Low (hours): 0.0106
■ Aqueous biodegradation - Aerobic - High (hours): 672
■ Photooxidation half- life air - High (hours): 1.96
■ Photooxidation half- life air - Low (hours): 0.196
■ First order hydrolysis half- life (hours): 0.106■ Most ethers are very resistant to hydrolysis, and the rate of cleavage of the carbon-oxygen bond by abiotic processes isexpected to be insignificant.Direct photolysis will not be an important removal process since aliphatic ethers do not absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm.■ for bis(chloromethyl)ether (BCME):Due to the relatively short half-life in both air and water, it is unlikely that significant transport or partitioning between mediaoccurs.The primary process for BCME degradation in air is believed to be reaction with photochemically-generated hydroxyl radicals,.Reaction products are believed to include chloromethyl formate, ClHCO, formaldehyde and HCl. The atmospheric halflife due toreaction with hydroxyl radicals is estimated to be 1.36 hours. Hydrolysis in the vapor phase is slower, with an estimated half-life of 25 hours in moist air (80% relative humidity at 25 C). Reaction of BCME with molecular oxygen may also occur, but therate of this reaction is not known. Other calculations suggest an atmospheric residence time of 0.2 to 2.9 days.Although hydrolysis of BCME to formaldehyde and HCl is highly favored thermodynamically, low levels of BCME may form bythe reverse reaction when high concentrations of formaldehyde and HCl are mixed.BCME is rapidly hydrolysed in water to yield formaldehyde and HCl, with a hydrolysis rate constant of 0.018 sec-1 at 20 C.This corresponds to a half-life of approximately 38 seconds. In the environment, formaldehyde and HCl formed by hydrolysis ofBCME would be expected to dissipate by diffusion or volatilisation, and BCME hydrolysis would rapidly proceed to completion.It is probable that BCME would rapidly hydrolyze upon contact with moisture in soil or would react with soil constituents.Consequently, it is not expected that BCME would persist for significant periods in soil.log Kow: ;hydrolyzesHalf-life (hr) air: >25
BCF: 11processes Abiotic: fast hydrol,Rxn OH*FORMALDEHYDE:■ Hazardous Air Pollutant: Yes
■ Fish LC50 (96hr.) (mg/l): 96- 7200
■ Daphnia magna EC50 (48hr.) (mg/l): 2
■ Algae IC50 (72hr.) (mg/l): 0.39- 14
■ log Kow (Prager 1995): 0.35
■ log Kow (Sangster 1997): 0.35
■ log Pow (Verschueren 1983): 0
■ BOD5: 60%
■ BOD20: 1.228
■ COD: 100%
■ ThOD: 1.068
■ Half- life Soil - High (hours): 168
■ Half- life Soil - Low (hours): 24
■ Half- life Air - High (hours): 6
■ Half- life Air - Low (hours): 1.25
■ Half- life Surface water - High (hours): 168
■ Half- life Surface water - Low (hours): 24
■ Half- life Ground water - High (hours): 336
■ Half- life Ground water - Low (hours): 48
■ Aqueous biodegradation - Aerobic - High (hours): 168
■ Aqueous photolysis half- life - Low (hours): 1.25
■ Photooxidation half- life water - High (hours): 1.90E+05
■ Photooxidation half- life water - Low (hours): 4813
■ Photooxidation half- life air - High (hours): 71.3
■ Photooxidation half- life air - Low (hours): 7.13■ Harmful to aquatic organisms.■ Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or watercourses.■ The material is classified as an ecotoxin* because the Fish LC50 (96 hours) is less than or equal to 0.1 mg/l* Classification of Substances as Ecotoxic (Dangerous to the Environment)Appendix 8, Table 1Compiler's Guide for the Preparation of International Chemical Safety Cards: 1993 Commission of the European Communities.log Kow: 0-0.35Half-life (hr) air: 19-50Henry's atm m³ /mol: 3.27E-07BOD 5 if unstated: 0-1.1,60%COD: 1.06,100%ThOD: 1.068HYDROGEN CHLORIDE:■ Although inorganic chloride ions are not normally considered toxic they can exist in effluents at acutely toxic levels (chloride>3000 mg/l). the resulting salinity can exceed the tolerances of most freshwater organisms.Inorganic chlorine eventually finds its way into the aqueous compartment and as such is bioavailable. Incidental exposure toinorganic chloride may occur in occupational settings where chemicals management policies are improperly applied. Thetoxicity of chloride salts depends on the counter-ion (cation) present; that of chloride itself is unknown. Chloride toxicity has notbeen observed in humans except in the special case of impaired sodium chloride metabolism, e.g. in congestive heart failure.Healthy individuals can tolerate the intake of large quantities of chloride provided that there is a concomitant intake of freshwater.Although excessive intake of drinking-water containing sodium chloride at concentrations.above 2.5 g/litre has been reported to produce hypertension, this effect is believed to be related to the sodium ionconcentration.Chloride concentrations in excess of about 250 mg/litre can give rise to detectable taste in water, but the threshold dependsupon the associated cations. Consumers can, however, become accustomed to concentrations in excess of 250 mg/litre. Nohealth-based guideline value is proposed for chloride in drinking-water.In humans, 88% of chloride is extracellular and contributes to the osmotic activity of body fluids. The electrolyte balance in thebody is maintained by adjusting total dietary intake and by excretion via the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract. Chloride isalmost completely absorbed in normal individuals, mostly from the proximal half of the small intestine. Normal fluid lossamounts to about 1.5?2 liters/day, together with about 4 g of chloride per day. Most (90 - 95%) is excreted in the urine, withminor amounts in faeces (4- %) and sweat (2%).Chloride increases the electrical conductivity of water and thus increases its corrosivity. In metal pipes, chloride reacts withmetal ions to form soluble salts thus increasing levels of metals in drinking-water. In lead pipes, a protective oxide layer is builtup, but chloride enhances galvanic corrosion. It can also increase the rate of pitting corrosion of metal pipes.
EcotoxicityIngredient Persistence:
Water/Soil Persistence: Air Bioaccumulation Mobility
US EPA Waste Number & DescriptionsB. Component Waste NumbersWhen bis(chloromethyl)ether is present as a solid waste as a discarded commercial chemical product, off-specificationspecies, as a container residue, or a spill residue, use EPA waste number P016 (waste code T).When formaldehyde is present as a solid waste as a discarded commercial chemical product, off-specification species, as acontainer residue, or a spill residue, use EPA waste number U122 (waste code T).Disposal InstructionsAll waste must be handled in accordance with local, state and federal regulations.¦ Puncture containers to prevent re-use and bury at an authorized landfill.Legislation addressing waste disposal requirements may differ by country, state and/ or territory. Each user must refer to lawsoperating in their area. In some areas, certain wastes must be tracked.A Hierarchy of Controls seems to be common - the user should investigate:
Reduction,ReuseRecyclingDisposal (if all else fails)
This material may be recycled if unused, or if it has not been contaminated so as to make it unsuitable for its intended use. If ithas been contaminated, it may be possible to reclaim the product by filtration, distillation or some other means. Shelf lifeconsiderations should also be applied in making decisions of this type. Note that properties of a material may change in use,and recycling or reuse may not always be appropriate.DO NOT allow wash water from cleaning equipment to enter drains. Collect all wash water for treatment before disposal.
Recycle wherever possible or consult manufacturer for recycling options.Consult Waste Management Authority for disposal.Bury or incinerate residue at an approved site.Recycle containers if possible, or dispose of in an authorized landfill.
bis(chloromethyl)ether (CAS: 542-88-1) is found on the following regulatory lists;"Canada - Alberta Occupational Exposure Limits","Canada - British Columbia Occupational Exposure Limits","Canada -Northwest Territories Occupational Exposure Limits (English)","Canada - Nova Scotia Occupational Exposure Limits","Canada -Ontario Occupational Exposure Limits","Canada - Prince Edward Island Occupational Exposure Limits","Canada - QuebecPermissible Exposure Values for Airborne Contaminants (English)","Canada - Saskatchewan Environmental Persistent orChronic Hazardous Substances","Canada - Saskatchewan Occupational Health and Safety Regulations - Notifiable ChemicalSubstances","Canada - Yukon Carcinogens with a Permitted Exposure","Canada - Yukon Permissible Concentrations forAirborne Contaminant Substances","Canada ARET (Accelerated Reduction / Elimination of Toxics) Substance List","CanadaDomestic Substances List (DSL)","Canada Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) 1999 - Schedule 1 Toxic SubstancesList","Canada Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) 1999 - Schedule 3 Export Control List - Part 1 ProhibitedSubstances","Canada Ingredient Disclosure List (SOR/88-64)","Canada Priority Substances List (PSL1, PSL 2)","CanadaProhibited Toxic Substances (English)","Canada Toxicological Index Service - Workplace Hazardous Materials InformationSystem - WHMIS (English)","Canada Toxicological Index Service - Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System -WHMIS (French)","International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Agents Reviewed by the IARCMonographs","International Chemical Secretariat (ChemSec) REACH SIN* List (*Substitute It Now!) 1.0","US - Alaska Limits forAir Contaminants","US - California Air Toxics ""Hot Spots"" List (Assembly Bill 2588) Substances for which emissions must bequantified","US - California Occupational Safety and Health Regulations (CAL/OSHA) - Hazardous Substances List","US -California Permissible Exposure Limits for Chemical Contaminants","US - California Proposition 65 - Carcinogens","US -California Proposition 65 - No Significant Risk Levels (NSRLs) for Carcinogens","US - California Toxic Air Contaminant ListCategory II","US - Connecticut Hazardous Air Pollutants","US - Hawaii Air Contaminant Limits","US - Idaho - Limits for AirContaminants","US - Maine Chemicals of High Concern List","US - Massachusetts Oil & Hazardous Material List","US -Michigan Exposure Limits for Air Contaminants","US - Minnesota Hazardous Substance List","US - Minnesota PermissibleExposure Limits (PELs)","US - New Jersey Right to Know Hazardous Substances","US - Oregon Hazardous Materials","US -Oregon Permissible Exposure Limits (Z1)","US - Pennsylvania - Hazardous Substance List","US - Rhode Island HazardousSubstance List","US - Tennessee Occupational Exposure Limits - Limits For Air Contaminants","US - Vermont HazardousConstituents","US - Vermont Hazardous Waste - Acutely Hazardous Wastes","US - Vermont Permissible Exposure Limits TableZ-1-A Final Rule Limits for Air Contaminants","US - Vermont Permissible Exposure Limits Table Z-1-A Transitional Limits forAir Contaminants","US - Washington Class A toxic air pollutants: Known and Probable Carcinogens","US - WashingtonDangerous waste constituents list","US - Washington Discarded Chemical Products List - ""P"" Chemical Products","US -Washington General Occupational Health Standards - List of Carcinogens","US - Washington Permissible exposure limits of aircontaminants","US - Wyoming List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics and Reactives","US - Wyoming Toxic andHazardous Substances Table Z1 Limits for Air Contaminants","US ACGIH Threshold Limit Values (TLV)","US ACGIH ThresholdLimit Values (TLV) - Carcinogens","US ATSDR Minimal Risk Levels for Hazardous Substances (MRLs)","US CAA (Clean AirAct) - HON Rule - Organic HAPs (Hazardous Air Pollutants)","US Clean Air Act - Hazardous Air Pollutants","US Department ofHomeland Security Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards - Chemicals of Interest","US Department of Transportation(DOT) List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities - Hazardous Substances Other Than Radionuclides","USDepartment of Transportation (DOT) Marine Pollutants - Appendix B","US DOE Temporary Emergency Exposure Limits(TEELs)","US EPA Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) - Interim","US EPA Carcinogens Listing","US EPCRA Section313 Chemical List","US List of Lists - Consolidated List of Chemicals Subject to the Emergency Planning and CommunityRight-to-Know Act (EPCRA) and Section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act","US National Toxicology Program (NTP) 11th Report PartA Known to be Human Carcinogens","US NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limits (RELs)","US OSHA Carcinogens Listing","USOSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics and Reactives","US OSHA Permissible Exposure Levels (PELs) - TableZ1","US RCRA (Resource Conservation & Recovery Act) - Hazardous Constituents - Appendix VIII to 40 CFR 261","US RCRA(Resource Conservation & Recovery Act) - List of Hazardous Wastes","US SARA Section 302 Extremely HazardousSubstances","US Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) - Inventory","USA: Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards - ListAppendix A - 6CFR 27"Regulations for ingredientsformaldehyde (CAS: 50-00-0,8005-38-7,8006-07-3,8013-13-6,112068-71-0) is found on the followingregulatory lists;"Canada - Alberta Ambient Air Quality Objectives","Canada - Alberta Occupational Exposure Limits","Canada - British ColumbiaOccupational Exposure Limits","Canada - Northwest Territories Occupational Exposure Limits (English)","Canada - Nova ScotiaOccupational Exposure Limits","Canada - Ontario Occupational Exposure Limits","Canada - Prince Edward Island OccupationalExposure Limits","Canada - Quebec Permissible Exposure Values for Airborne Contaminants (English)","Canada -Saskatchewan Industrial Hazardous Substances","Canada - Saskatchewan Occupational Health and Safety Regulations -Contamination Limits","Canada - Saskatchewan Occupational Health and Safety Regulations - Designated ChemicalSubstances","Canada - Yukon Permissible Concentrations for Airborne Contaminant Substances","Canada ARET (AcceleratedReduction / Elimination of Toxics) Substance List","Canada Domestic Substances List (DSL)","Canada EnvironmentalProtection Act (CEPA) 1999 - Schedule 1 Toxic Substances List","Canada Ingredient Disclosure List (SOR/88-64)","CanadaNational Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI)","Canada Priority Substances List (PSL1, PSL 2)","Canada Toxicological IndexService - Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System - WHMIS (English)","Canada Toxicological Index Service -Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System - WHMIS (French)","GESAMP/EHS Composite List - GESAMP HazardProfiles","IMO IBC Code Chapter 17: Summary of minimum requirements","IMO MARPOL 73/78 (Annex II) - List of NoxiousLiquid Substances Carried in Bulk","International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Agents Reviewed by the IARCMonographs","International Chemical Secretariat (ChemSec) REACH SIN* List (*Substitute It Now!) 1.0","International Councilof Chemical Associations (ICCA) - High Production Volume List","OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV)Chemicals","US - Alaska Limits for Air Contaminants","US - California Air Toxics ""Hot Spots"" List (Assembly Bill 2588)Substances for which emissions must be quantified","US - California Occupational Safety and Health Regulations (CAL/OSHA)- Hazardous Substances List","US - California OEHHA/ARB - Acute Reference Exposure Levels and Target Organs(RELs)","US - California OEHHA/ARB - Chronic Reference Exposure Levels and Target Organs (CRELs)","US - CaliforniaPermissible Exposure Limits for Chemical Contaminants","US - California Proposition 65 - Carcinogens","US - CaliforniaProposition 65 - No Significant Risk Levels (NSRLs) for Carcinogens","US - California Toxic Air Contaminant List CategoryII","US - Connecticut Hazardous Air Pollutants","US - Hawaii Air Contaminant Limits","US - Idaho - Acceptable Maximum PeakConcentrations","US - Idaho - Limits for Air Contaminants","US - Maine Chemicals of High Concern List","US - Massachusetts
Oil & Hazardous Material List","US - Michigan Exposure Limits for Air Contaminants","US - Minnesota Hazardous SubstanceList","US - Minnesota Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs)","US - New Jersey Right to Know Hazardous Substances","US -Oregon Hazardous Materials","US - Oregon Permissible Exposure Limits (Z1)","US - Oregon Permissible Exposure Limits(Z2)","US - Pennsylvania - Hazardous Substance List","US - Rhode Island Hazardous Substance List","US - TennesseeOccupational Exposure Limits - Limits For Air Contaminants","US - Vermont Hazardous Constituents","US - VermontHazardous wastes which are Discarded Commercial Chemical Products or Off-Specification Batches of Commercial ChemicalProducts or Spill Residues of Either","US - Vermont Permissible Exposure Limits Table Z-1-A Final Rule Limits for AirContaminants","US - Vermont Permissible Exposure Limits Table Z-1-A Transitional Limits for Air Contaminants","US -Washington Class A toxic air pollutants: Known and Probable Carcinogens","US - Washington Dangerous waste constituentslist","US - Washington Discarded Chemical Products List - ""U"" Chemical Products","US - Washington Permissible exposurelimits of air contaminants","US - Wyoming List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics and Reactives","US - Wyoming Toxicand Hazardous Substances Table Z1 Limits for Air Contaminants","US - Wyoming Toxic and Hazardous Substances Table Z-2Acceptable ceiling concentration, Acceptable maximum peak above the acceptable ceiling concentration for an 8-hr shift","USACGIH Threshold Limit Values (TLV)","US ACGIH Threshold Limit Values (TLV) - Carcinogens","US ATSDR Minimal RiskLevels for Hazardous Substances (MRLs)","US CAA (Clean Air Act) - HON Rule - Organic HAPs (Hazardous AirPollutants)","US CERCLA Priority List of Hazardous Substances","US Clean Air Act - Hazardous Air Pollutants","US CosmeticIngredient Review (CIR) Cosmetic ingredients found safe, with qualifications","US CWA (Clean Water Act) - List of HazardousSubstances","US CWA (Clean Water Act) - Reportable Quantities of Designated Hazardous Substances","US Department ofHomeland Security Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards - Chemicals of Interest","US Department of Transportation(DOT) List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities - Hazardous Substances Other Than Radionuclides","US DOETemporary Emergency Exposure Limits (TEELs)","US EPA Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) - Interim","US EPACarcinogens Listing","US EPA High Production Volume Program Chemical List","US EPA Master Testing List - Index IChemicals Listed","US EPCRA Section 313 Chemical List","US FDA Indirect Food Additives: Adhesives and Components ofCoatings - Substances for Use as Components of Coatings - Acrylate ester copolymer coating","US FDA Indirect FoodAdditives: Adhesives and Components of Coatings - Substances for Use Only as Components of Adhesives - Adhesives","USFood Additive Database","US List of Lists - Consolidated List of Chemicals Subject to the Emergency Planning and CommunityRight-to-Know Act (EPCRA) and Section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act","US National Toxicology Program (NTP) 11th Report PartB. Reasonably Anticipated to be a Human Carcinogen","US NFPA 45 Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals -Flammability Characteristics of Common Compressed and Liquefied Gases","US NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limits(RELs)","US OSHA Carcinogens Listing","US OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics and Reactives","US OSHAPermissible Exposure Levels (PELs) - Table Z1","US OSHA Permissible Exposure Levels (PELs) - Table Z2","US PostalService (USPS) Hazardous Materials Table: Postal Service Mailability Guide","US RCRA (Resource Conservation & RecoveryAct) - Hazardous Constituents - Appendix VIII to 40 CFR 261","US RCRA (Resource Conservation & Recovery Act) - List ofHazardous Wastes","US SARA Section 302 Extremely Hazardous Substances","US Spacecraft Maximum AllowableConcentrations (SMACs) for Airborne Contaminants","US Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) - Inventory","USA: ChemicalFacility Anti-Terrorism Standards - List Appendix A - 6CFR 27","WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality - Guideline valuesfor chemicals that are of health significance in drinking-water"hydrogen chloride (CAS: 7647-01-0) is found on the following regulatory lists;"Canada - Alberta Ambient Air Quality Objectives","Canada - Alberta Occupational Exposure Limits","Canada - British ColumbiaOccupational Exposure Limits","Canada - Northwest Territories Occupational Exposure Limits (English)","Canada - Nova ScotiaOccupational Exposure Limits","Canada - Ontario Occupational Exposure Limits","Canada - Prince Edward Island OccupationalExposure Limits","Canada - Quebec Permissible Exposure Values for Airborne Contaminants (English)","Canada -Saskatchewan Industrial Hazardous Substances","Canada - Saskatchewan Occupational Health and Safety Regulations -Contamination Limits","Canada - Yukon Permissible Concentrations for Airborne Contaminant Substances","Canada ControlledDrugs and Substances Act Schedule VI","Canada Domestic Substances List (DSL)","Canada Ingredient Disclosure List(SOR/88-64)","Canada National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI)","Canada Prohibited Toxic Substances, Schedule 2,Concentration Limits (English)","Canada Toxicological Index Service - Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System -WHMIS (English)","Canada Toxicological Index Service - Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System - WHMIS(French)","CODEX General Standard for Food Additives (GSFA) - Additives Permitted for Use in Food in General, UnlessOtherwise Specified, in Accordance with GMP","GESAMP/EHS Composite List - GESAMP Hazard Profiles","IMO IBC CodeChapter 17: Summary of minimum requirements","IMO MARPOL 73/78 (Annex II) - List of Noxious Liquid Substances Carriedin Bulk","International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Agents Reviewed by the IARC Monographs","InternationalCouncil of Chemical Associations (ICCA) - High Production Volume List","International Maritime Dangerous GoodsRequirements (IMDG Code) - Goods Forbidden for Transport","OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV)Chemicals","United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances - Table II","UnitedNations List of Precursors and Chemicals Frequently used in the Illicit Manufacture of Narcotic Drugs and PsychotropicSubstances Under International Control - Table II","US - Alaska Limits for Air Contaminants","US - California Air Toxics ""HotSpots"" List (Assembly Bill 2588) Substances for which emissions must be quantified","US - California Occupational Safety andHealth Regulations (CAL/OSHA) - Hazardous Substances List","US - California OEHHA/ARB - Acute Reference ExposureLevels and Target Organs (RELs)","US - California OEHHA/ARB - Chronic Reference Exposure Levels and Target Organs(CRELs)","US - California Permissible Exposure Limits for Chemical Contaminants","US - California Toxic Air Contaminant ListCategory II","US - Connecticut Hazardous Air Pollutants","US - Hawaii Air Contaminant Limits","US - Idaho - Limits for AirContaminants","US - Massachusetts Oil & Hazardous Material List","US - Michigan Exposure Limits for Air Contaminants","US- Minnesota Hazardous Substance List","US - Minnesota Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs)","US - New Jersey Right toKnow Hazardous Substances","US - Oregon Hazardous Materials","US - Oregon Permissible Exposure Limits (Z1)","US -Pennsylvania - Hazardous Substance List","US - Rhode Island Hazardous Substance List","US - Tennessee OccupationalExposure Limits - Limits For Air Contaminants","US - Vermont Permissible Exposure Limits Table Z-1-A Final Rule Limits forAir Contaminants","US - Vermont Permissible Exposure Limits Table Z-1-A Transitional Limits for Air Contaminants","US -Washington Permissible exposure limits of air contaminants","US - Wyoming List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics andReactives","US - Wyoming Toxic and Hazardous Substances Table Z1 Limits for Air Contaminants","US ACGIH ThresholdLimit Values (TLV)","US ACGIH Threshold Limit Values (TLV) - Carcinogens","US Clean Air Act - Hazardous AirPollutants","US CWA (Clean Water Act) - List of Hazardous Substances","US CWA (Clean Water Act) - Reportable Quantitiesof Designated Hazardous Substances","US Department of Homeland Security Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards -Chemicals of Interest","US Department of Transportation (DOT) List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities -Hazardous Substances Other Than Radionuclides","US DOE Temporary Emergency Exposure Limits (TEELs)","US DrugEnforcement Administration (DEA) List I and II Regulated Chemicals","US EPA Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) -Final","US EPA High Production Volume Chemicals Additional List","US EPA Master Testing List - Index I ChemicalsListed","US EPCRA Section 313 Chemical List","US Food Additive Database","US List of Lists - Consolidated List of ChemicalsSubject to the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) and Section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act","USNFPA 45 Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals - Flammability Characteristics of Common Compressed andLiquefied Gases","US NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limits (RELs)","US OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxicsand Reactives","US OSHA Permissible Exposure Levels (PELs) - Table Z1","US Postal Service (USPS) Hazardous MaterialsTable: Postal Service Mailability Guide","US SARA Section 302 Extremely Hazardous Substances","US Spacecraft MaximumAllowable Concentrations (SMACs) for Airborne Contaminants","US Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) - Inventory"
Section 16 - OTHER INFORMATION
LIMITED EVIDENCE■ Potentially explosive peroxides may form on standing.*.■ Cumulative effects may result following exposure*.■ May produce discomfort of the eyes respiratory tract and skin*.■ Repeated exposure potentially causes skin dryness and cracking*.■ Vapors potentially cause drowsiness and dizziness*.* (limited evidence).
Ingredients with multiple CAS NosIngredient Name CASformaldehyde 50-00-0, 8005-38-7, 8006-07-3, 8013-13-6, 112068-71-0
Reasonable care has been taken in the preparation of this information, but the author makes no warrantyof merchantability or any other warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to this information. The authormakes no representations and assumes no liability for any direct, incidental or consequential damagesresulting from its use. For additional technical information please call our toxicology department on +800CHEMCALL.
■ Classification of the mixture and its individual components has drawn on official and authoritative sources as well asindependent review by the Chemwatch Classification committee using available literature references.A list of reference resources used to assist the committee may be found at:www.chemwatch.net/references.
■ The (M)SDS is a Hazard Communication tool and should be used to assist in the Risk Assessment. Many factors determinewhether the reported Hazards are Risks in the workplace or other settings. Risks may be determined by reference toExposures Scenarios. Scale of use, frequency of use and current or available engineering controls must be considered.
This document is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, reviewor criticism, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process withoutwritten permission from CHEMWATCH. TEL (+61 3) 9572 4700.
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