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Bituminous Product
Types of bituminous
Application
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Learning outcome
Upon completion of this chapter, youshould be able to:-
Describe types of bituminous product
Describe the attraction and problems ofbituminous product
Understand the application of
Bituminous product
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Generally usage of the termbituminous covers products onbitumen, coal tar and pitch.
It can be natural or derivative fromparticular substance such aspetroleum, natural sources, coal.
Mostly in liquid form which serve asbinder while ready to be used.
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Excellent resistance toabsorption/passage of water
Good adhesion to many materials
Resistance to dilute acids and alkalis
Good flexibility at normal
temperatures Properties can be varied to suit
application
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They tend to become brittle at lowtemperatures and soft at hightemperatures
They are subject to creep (shear)
They have low inherent stiffness
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Properties of Bituminous product
Bituminous products are usually darkbrown or black and rely on pigmentsto give colour
All types are completely soluble incarbon disulphide(CS2)
They resist the passage of water andmoisture
Materials applied in hot condition
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Properties of Bituminous product contd
Although bituminous materials arecombustible, composite product suchas mastic asphalt and pitch mastic
are not combustible
Durable to resist acids, alkalis
Particularly pitch, are damaged byheat and sunlight
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Properties of Bituminous product contd
Embrittle at low temperature
Flow under mechanical stress,particularly at high temperature
Naturally bituminous products ispoisonous
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Types of bituminous products
Types of bituminous products
1. BitumenAsphalt
hot/mastic/straight-run asphalt: widely used asroad surfacing materials
cut-back asphalt: repair work
emulsion asphalt: dampproofing purposes, and astact-coat during road surfacing
Coal tarPitch
2. Macadam (Pre-mix)
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Bitumen
Bitumen is a generic name applied tovarious mixture of hydrocarbon
non-crystalline solid or viscous
material soluble in carbon disulphide(CS2)
All bitumen are thermoplastic i.e
soften when it is heated Bitumen lacks of stability.
Waterproof
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Bitumen contd
Not to be used by itself only.
Normally serve as a material inmastic asphalt, adhesive and paints
as a saturant. Application:- Paints, damp-proof
membrane, waterproof building
papers, adhesive for woodblockflooring, curing membrane inconcrete road base
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Asphalt
Dark brown or black solids or semi-solids whichare found in natural state or the residueobtained in refining /distillation of petroleum
Is readily soluble in most petroleum products
Composed almost entirely of bitumen Asphalt are bituminous mixtures containing
substantial amounts of fine material in the formof sand and filler.
The sand and filler, together with binder, form astiff mortar which provides strength andstiffness for the final product.
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Tar/ Coal Tar
Produced by destructive distillation of organicmaterials
Coal tar runs at a lower temperature than asphalt Resistant to petroleum-based solvents
Has a low bitumen content generally has highspecific gravity and viscosities, and goodadhesive properties
Oxidizes more easily. Ordinary coal tar is suitable for many of the
applications of bitumen due to it has theadvantages of superior adhesion in dampsituation
Example: Tars for road purpose, damp-proofcourse
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Pitch
Pitch is the residue after distilling tar fromcoal.
Coal tar and pitch soften at lower
temperature, are less plastic, are able toresist temperature variation
less costly than bitumen product.
Application:-Pitch mastic flooring, paints,damp-proof membranes, felt saturant(Materials for damp-proof membrane)
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Macadam (Pre-mix)
Macadams are materials which rely onparticle interlock to provide strength andstiffness.
They normally contain a wide range ofparticles sizes.
Macadams coated with a bituminousbinder are described as coated macadams.
The bitumen acts as a lubricant as well as
binder during compaction. Macadams use smaller quantities of
bitumen than asphalt. Hence, cost ischeaper than asphalt
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Macadam
Road Tar/Coal Tar
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The end