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Black Beauty: Unique Martian Meteorite – a Match for ......Martian meteorites. Multiple igneous...

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Black Beauty: Unique Martian Meteorite – a Match for Average Martian Crust Carl B. Agee Institute of Meteoritics and Dept. Earth and Planetary Sciences, Univ. New Mexico NWA 7034 Martian Meteorite (Basaltic Breccia), Single Stone, 320 grams, find: Western Sahara 2011, shown also two pairings of “Black Beauty”
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Page 1: Black Beauty: Unique Martian Meteorite – a Match for ......Martian meteorites. Multiple igneous rock types from Noachian. Secondary alteration materials show rock interaction with

Black Beauty: Unique Martian Meteorite – a Match for Average Martian Crust

Carl B. Agee

Institute of Meteoritics and Dept. Earth and Planetary Sciences, Univ. New Mexico

NWA 7034 Martian Meteorite (Basaltic Breccia), Single Stone, 320 grams, find: Western Sahara 2011, shown also two pairings of “Black Beauty”

Page 2: Black Beauty: Unique Martian Meteorite – a Match for ......Martian meteorites. Multiple igneous rock types from Noachian. Secondary alteration materials show rock interaction with

Agee, 8th Mars Conference

Page 3: Black Beauty: Unique Martian Meteorite – a Match for ......Martian meteorites. Multiple igneous rock types from Noachian. Secondary alteration materials show rock interaction with

Agee, 8th Mars Conference

Page 4: Black Beauty: Unique Martian Meteorite – a Match for ......Martian meteorites. Multiple igneous rock types from Noachian. Secondary alteration materials show rock interaction with

Western Sahara

Agee, 8th Mars Conference

Page 5: Black Beauty: Unique Martian Meteorite – a Match for ......Martian meteorites. Multiple igneous rock types from Noachian. Secondary alteration materials show rock interaction with

NWA 7034 “Pairing Group” includes: NWA 7034 NWA 7475 NWA 7533 (Humayun et al. 2013) NWA 7906 NWA 8114 NWA 8171 These are all stones from the same meteoroid. Total known weight ~1.5 kg

Agee, 8th Mars Conference

Page 6: Black Beauty: Unique Martian Meteorite – a Match for ......Martian meteorites. Multiple igneous rock types from Noachian. Secondary alteration materials show rock interaction with

HOWARDITE NWA 6817

LUNAR FELDSPATHIC BRECCIA

NWA 2995

Agee, 8th Mars Conference

Page 7: Black Beauty: Unique Martian Meteorite – a Match for ......Martian meteorites. Multiple igneous rock types from Noachian. Secondary alteration materials show rock interaction with

Igneous Clasts

Agee, 8th Mars Conference

Page 8: Black Beauty: Unique Martian Meteorite – a Match for ......Martian meteorites. Multiple igneous rock types from Noachian. Secondary alteration materials show rock interaction with

Secondary Alteration Objects

Agee, 8th Mars Conference

Page 9: Black Beauty: Unique Martian Meteorite – a Match for ......Martian meteorites. Multiple igneous rock types from Noachian. Secondary alteration materials show rock interaction with

Numerous spherules throughout: micron to centimeter scale

Agee, 8th Mars Conference

Page 10: Black Beauty: Unique Martian Meteorite – a Match for ......Martian meteorites. Multiple igneous rock types from Noachian. Secondary alteration materials show rock interaction with

Mineralogy of NWA 7034 (n=18)

Plagioclase Feldspar Alkali Feldspar Pyroxenes (3) Magnetite Maghemite Ilmenite Ferrihydrite Clay minerals (phyllosilicate) Cl-rich apatite Chromite Pyrite Merrillite Rutile Zircon Baddelyite Olivine

Red=Fe Blue=Al Green=Mg

6mm

Agee, 8th Mars Conference

Page 11: Black Beauty: Unique Martian Meteorite – a Match for ......Martian meteorites. Multiple igneous rock types from Noachian. Secondary alteration materials show rock interaction with

Mineralogy of NWA 7034 (n=18)

Plagioclase Feldspar Alkali Feldspar Pyroxenes (3) Magnetite Maghemite Ilmenite Ferrihydrite Clay minerals (phyllosilicate) Cl-rich apatite Chromite Pyrite Merrillite Rutile Zircon Baddelyite Olivine

6mm

WATER BEARING

Agee, 8th Mars Conference

Page 12: Black Beauty: Unique Martian Meteorite – a Match for ......Martian meteorites. Multiple igneous rock types from Noachian. Secondary alteration materials show rock interaction with

Mineralogy of NWA 7034 (n=18)

Plagioclase Feldspar Alkali Feldspar Pyroxenes (3) Magnetite Maghemite Ilmenite Ferrihydrite Clay minerals (phyllosilicate) Cl-rich apatite Chromite Pyrite Merrillite Rutile Zircon Baddelyite Olivine

6mm

U-Pb AGE DATING

Agee, 8th Mars Conference

Page 13: Black Beauty: Unique Martian Meteorite – a Match for ......Martian meteorites. Multiple igneous rock types from Noachian. Secondary alteration materials show rock interaction with

NWA 7034 Bulk Composition Matches “Martian Crust” from Rover and Orbiter

Agee, 8th Mars Conference

Page 14: Black Beauty: Unique Martian Meteorite – a Match for ......Martian meteorites. Multiple igneous rock types from Noachian. Secondary alteration materials show rock interaction with

Black Beauty Breccia: Mars Geological Field Area Contained in a Hand Sample

(see Santos et al. Poster)

Agee, 8th Mars Conference

Page 15: Black Beauty: Unique Martian Meteorite – a Match for ......Martian meteorites. Multiple igneous rock types from Noachian. Secondary alteration materials show rock interaction with

Cartwright et al. (EPSL, 2014)

Martian Atmosphere in NWA 7043

Agee, 8th Mars Conference

Page 16: Black Beauty: Unique Martian Meteorite – a Match for ......Martian meteorites. Multiple igneous rock types from Noachian. Secondary alteration materials show rock interaction with

Cartwright et al. (EPSL, 2014)

Martian Atmosphere in NWA 7043

Argon in Black Beauty similar to Curiosity values

Agee, 8th Mars Conference

Page 17: Black Beauty: Unique Martian Meteorite – a Match for ......Martian meteorites. Multiple igneous rock types from Noachian. Secondary alteration materials show rock interaction with

Oxygen Isotopes

Agee, 8th Mars Conference

Page 18: Black Beauty: Unique Martian Meteorite – a Match for ......Martian meteorites. Multiple igneous rock types from Noachian. Secondary alteration materials show rock interaction with

Rb-Sr: 2.1 Ga formation age of NWA 7034: Early Amazonian Mars

Agee, 8th Mars Conference

Page 19: Black Beauty: Unique Martian Meteorite – a Match for ......Martian meteorites. Multiple igneous rock types from Noachian. Secondary alteration materials show rock interaction with

Sm-Nd : 4.4 Ga formation age of NWA 7034: Early Noachian Mars

Nyquist et al. 2013 Agee, 8th Mars Conference

Page 20: Black Beauty: Unique Martian Meteorite – a Match for ......Martian meteorites. Multiple igneous rock types from Noachian. Secondary alteration materials show rock interaction with

Zircon ages: ~1.5 and 4.4 billion years

Scale: 1-inch round thin section

*~4.4 Ga zircon ages in Black Beauty were first reported by Humayun et al., Nature, 2013.

Agee, 8th Mars Conference

Page 21: Black Beauty: Unique Martian Meteorite – a Match for ......Martian meteorites. Multiple igneous rock types from Noachian. Secondary alteration materials show rock interaction with

Agee, 8th Mars Conference

Page 22: Black Beauty: Unique Martian Meteorite – a Match for ......Martian meteorites. Multiple igneous rock types from Noachian. Secondary alteration materials show rock interaction with

Aqueous alteration of near surface materials on Mars: Early Amazonian Epoch, Early Noachian?

NWA 7034 has extraterrestrial δD and up to ~6000 ppm indigenous (martian) water. (shergottites have ~100’s ppm)

Agee, 8th Mars Conference

Page 23: Black Beauty: Unique Martian Meteorite – a Match for ......Martian meteorites. Multiple igneous rock types from Noachian. Secondary alteration materials show rock interaction with

Which minerals harbor the ~6000 ppm water in NWA 7034?

1% Phyllosilicate = 1900 ppm

1-2% Ferrihydrite = 1100 ppm

BF STEM image showing fine-crystalline matrix

HRTEM image of detected phyllosilicate

BSE image of Fe-oxide rich spherule

5% Maghemite = 1000 ppm

5% Cl-rich Apatite = 150 ppm

Agee, 8th Mars Conference

Page 24: Black Beauty: Unique Martian Meteorite – a Match for ......Martian meteorites. Multiple igneous rock types from Noachian. Secondary alteration materials show rock interaction with

Permafrost on northeastern Spitsbergen, Svalbard

Arctic plains of northern Mars on May 25, 2008 Impact induced?

Where did the water in NWA 7034 come from?

Volcano induced?

Early Amazonian? Agee, 8th Mars Conference

Page 25: Black Beauty: Unique Martian Meteorite – a Match for ......Martian meteorites. Multiple igneous rock types from Noachian. Secondary alteration materials show rock interaction with

Early Noachian?

Credits: Kevin Gill

SURFACE WATER

Agee, 8th Mars Conference

Page 26: Black Beauty: Unique Martian Meteorite – a Match for ......Martian meteorites. Multiple igneous rock types from Noachian. Secondary alteration materials show rock interaction with

X-ray Tomography, 2.2 micron voxels Doug Rowland (UC Davis)

“Black Beauty” expands our understanding of Mars from studies of Martian meteorites. Multiple igneous rock types from Noachian. Secondary alteration materials show rock interaction with the Martian hydrosphere. Black Beauty is first meteorite that resembles rocks that rovers are sampling in outcrop on Mars.

Agee, 8th Mars Conference


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