Date post: | 05-Jan-2016 |
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Bleeding and Shock
Obj: I will identify types of bleeding
Obj: I will investigate types, signs and symptoms, and treatment for shock
What are the rules involving blood in sports?
Blood• Blood is the only
tissue that flows throughout the body
• Carries oxygen & nutrients to all parts of the body
• Transports waste products back to the lungs, kidneys, and liver for disposal
• Essential part of immune system
• Crucial for fluid and temp balance
• Hydraulic fluid for certain functions
• Highway for hormonal messages
Bleeding
• Arterial Bleeding– Issues bright red blood that
spurts or pulses corresponding to heart beat
• Venous Bleeding– Slower, less severe non-
pulsing bleeding– Closer to surface, therefore
easier to control
• Capillary Bleeding– Slow & oozing blood– Blood clots rapidly– Greater risk of infection
Arterial Bleeding
• Most serious• Punctured/severed artery• Bright red blood• Distinct spurts/pulses
correspond to heart beat• Can lose large volume of
blood in short period
Treatment:• Treat athlete for shock• Apply direct pressure;
find and use pressure points
• Call EMS• Apply tourniquet if
bleeding cannot be controlled by direct pressure or use of pressure points
Venous Bleeding
• Rupture of 1+ veins• Less severe than
arterial• Steady blood flow• Darker red blood• Easier to control
Treatment:• Direct pressure• Compression
bandaging• Follow-up with doctor
Capillary Bleeding
• Slow• Typically oozes• Blood clots quickly• Examples:
– Scratches– Minor cuts– Abrasions
Treatment: • Clean with soap and
water• Bandage
SHOCK
• Precursor to death• Occurs when the circulation system fails to send
blood to all body parts• Prompt recognition, treatment,
& control are crucial for survival
• Characterized by:– Drop in blood pressure– Reduced blood circulation– Inadequate blood flow to tissueshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14--NBvGDjk
Hemorrhagic Shock• Loss of blood from an
injury• Blood pressure falls
and adequate oxygen is unavailable to body
• Injury internal or external
• Cause by severe blunt trauma or internal injuries (i.e. ruptured spleen)
Anaphylactic Shock• Caused by severe allergic
reaction (exaggerated response by body’s immune system to what would otherwise be a harmless substance)
• Reactions vary—itchy eyes and runny nose, to life-threatening response
• Insect stings, medications, certain food and food additives
Psychogenic Shock• Physiological response to
fear, stress, or emotional crisis
• Causes person to faint• Sudden temporary
dilation of blood vessels reduces normal blood volume to brain
• Temporary
Metabolic Shock• Occurs with severe
loss of body fluids• Severe diarrhea,
vomiting, or some disease
• Severe dehydration
Signs and Symptoms
• Restlessness and anxiety
• Cold and clammy skin• Labored or rapid
breathing• Profuse sweating• Face that becomes
pale and my eventually become cyanotic (blue) around the mouth
• Shallow respirations• Dull, lusterless eyes
with dilated pupils• Thirst• Nausea and vomiting• Blood pressure that
falls gradually and steadily
• Loss of consciousness
Treatment for Shock
• Maintain a clear airway so breathing is not impaired
• Control all bleeding• Elevate extremities 12 inches to help control
swelling• Splint fractures and elevate if well stabilized• Avoid rough and excessive handling that my
cause additional injury• Prevent loss of body heat; blanket should be
placed under victim as well as on top
Treatment for Shock
• Keep victim in supine position
• Do not give victim anything to eat or drink
• Record vital signs (pulse, blood pressure, respiration rate) every 5 minutes
• Constantly reassure victim; keeping victim calm minimizes effects of shock
• Activate EMS; call 911 immediately
Video Clips on Shock
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V4R9GSah93g
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=979NvgoUeVk
PARTNER REVIEW1. What type of bleeding results from a punctured or
severed artery? What is the treatment?
2. What type of bleeding is slow and results from a minor abrasion? What is the treatment?
3. What type of bleeding results from a rupture of 1 or more veins? What is the treatment?
4. What type of shock results from a loss of blood due to an injury?
5. What type of shock results from severe dehydration?
6. What type of shock results from severe fear or stress?
7. What type of shock results from a severe allergic reaction?
8. What are four signs and symptoms of shock?
9. What are four ways to treat shock?