Blood and Other Fluids

Body Fluids

Body fluids constitute over ½ of an adult’s weight Transport nutrients to cells Remove waste

Water is the most important component to body fluids

Body Fluids Composition

Intra- = withinExtra = outsideCellul(o) = cell or compartment-ar = pertaining toIntracellular = within a cellExtracellular = outside a cell

Body Fluids Composition

Vascul(o) = vesselIntervascular = inside blood vesselsBlood remains inside blood vessels¼ of extracellular fluid is plasma: the liquid

portion of the blood

Body Fluids Composition

Inter- = betweenInterstitial fluid = extracellular fluid

located between cells and tissue spacesFluid Balance is maintained by proper intake

of water and output of wastesEdema (dehydration): is caused when fluid

balance is not maintained

Blood

Hematology: the study of blood and blood-forming tissues

Blood forming tissues Bone marrow Lymphoid: spleen, thymus, tonsils and lymph nodes

Blood

-poiesis = productionHematopoiesis = production of blood cellsCoagulation = when blood clots when

removed from the body-ant = that which causesAnitcoagulant = acts against blood

coagulationCoagulant = promotes blood coagulation

Blood

Coagul(o) = coagulationWrite a word that means any disease or

disorder of coagulationCoagulopathy

Blood

In vitro = occurring in a test tube in an artificial environment

Hematocrit = test that measures the percentage of red blood cells (HCT test)

Blood

Blood Hemat(o) Hem(o) Hem(a)

Blood

Erythrocytes: red blood cells (RBC)Also called corpusclesBiconcave disks that have no nucleus when

matureFunction is to transport oxygen and carbon

dioxideWhat is the name for red blood cell formation?ErythropoiesisErythropoietin: hormone that stimulates

erythropoiesis

Blood

Leukocyte: white blood cell (corpuscle) WBCLeukemia: increased white blood cell

condition Many cells are deformed or do not function

Function: to protect the body against pathogenic organisms

What does pathogenic mean?Capable of causing disease

Blood

Thrombocyte: blood platelet: Cell fragments without a nucleus Initiates the formation of blood clots

Thrombus: a blood clot that obstructs a blood vessel

-genesis = beginningThrombogenesis = the formation of blood

platelets

Blood

-lytic = dissolved or destoyed-lysin = substance that dissolves or destroysWrite a word that means destroying a clotThrombolyticWrite a word that means a substance that

destroys a clotThrombolysin

Blood

Thrombosis = presence of a blood clot (thrombus)

What is the name of surgical removal of a blood clot?

ThrombectomyThrombolysis = destruction of a clotWhat is hemolysis?Destruction of a blood cell

Blood

Leukemia: condition of whit blood cells-emia: blood condtionAnemia: without blood: deficiency in the

number of RBCs or hemoglobin Not a disease but a sign of many diseasesHemoglobin = blood protein that is the red

pigment in blood

Blood

-penia = deficient or decreasedErythropenia: decreased RBC countLeukopenia: decreased white blood cell countIron deficiency: anemia can occur when iron levels

are unbalanced in the bloodThrombopenia: deficiency in blood plateletsCould cause clotting disorderPhil(o) = attractionHemophilia: disorder where there is a deficiency

of one coagulation factor in the bloodCauses uncontrollable bleeding after minor injuries

Blood

Erythrocytosis: increase in the number of RBC’sLeukocytosis: increased number of WBC’sIn leukemia, WBC production is uncontrollablePrimary Polycythemia: a chromosomal defect

where bone marrow overproduces many types of cells

Secondary Polycythemia: a physiologic reponse to prolonged exposure to high altitudes, lung or heart disease

Both are caused by not enough oxygen reaching tissues

Causes blood to flow through the body sluggishly

Blood

Nucle(o) or kary(o) = nucleusNucleoprotein: a protein found in the

nucleusKaryomegaly: enlargement of the nucleus-oid: like or resemblingNucleoid: resembling a nucleusMorph(o) = shapePolymorphonuclear: a WBC cell is divided

in such a way that it looks like it has more than one nucleus

Blood Abnormalities

Microcyte: small cellMacrocyte: large cellBoth seen in forms of anemiaScop(o) = to view or examine-scope = and instrument to viewMacroscopic: examining with the naked eyeMegal(o) = enlargedMegalocytes: large cells

Blood Abnormalities

Norm(o): normalNormocytes: normal cells (normocytic)Is(o) = equalIsocytosis: cells are of equal sizeAnisocytosis: cells are not of equal sizeIsotonic: (equal tension) a solution in which

cells will not get damagedSpher(o): roundSpherocyte: round cell

Blood Abnormalities

Poikil(o): irregularPoikilocytes: irregular cellsSickle cell anemia: blood has an irregular

type of hemoglobin and RBC’s are irregularly shaped

Hemoglobin: Hb or HgbChrom(o): colorHypochromia: below normal color in RBC’s

Blood Abnormalities

Hemoglobinopathy: any disease of hemoglobinsHemoglobin electrophoresis: identifies abnormal

hemoglobinsDycrasia: disease associated with the blood or

bone marrowAplastic: having no tendency to develop new tissueAplastic anemia: bone marrow produces too few

cellsHemolytic anemia: RBC’s are destroyed earlyMalaria: a blood parasite invades

Blood Clotting

Coagulation: a series of chemical reactions that results in a blood clot

Fibrin: protein involved in clottingFibrinoid: resembling fibrinFibriniogen: a protein that is changed into

fibrin in the process of coagulationFibrinolysis?Destruction of fibrin

Blood Clotting

Trans- = through or acrossTransfusion: blood is passed from one person

to anotherAgglutination: blood clumpingTransfusion reaction: an adverse reaction to

a blood transfusion