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Blood Pressure
Blood pressure is the presssure that blood exerts against the walls of blood vessels. It is the main force that transports blood from the heart to the body parts.
***The pressure is highest in the arteries as they are nearest the heart. The force is greater when more blood flows through the vessel and when it is narrower.
Blood Pressure
Two measurements are taken for blood pressure:
Systolic pressure Diastolic pressure
- it is the maximum pressure - it is the minimum pressure during contraction of left during the relaxation of the left ventricle ventricle
Average: 120 mmHg (men) Average: 80 mmHg (men)
110 mmHg (women) 70 mmHg (women)
High Blood Pressure
High Blood Pressure
-Physical exercise *bp high to transport materials more
-Anxiety – stress rapidly to more active cells
-Hypertension *atherosclerosis cholesterol & fats accumulate
(medical problem of in the walls of arteries narrower arteries high blood pressure ) *salty food may increase blood volume
*nicotine, caffeine constricts arteries
Low Blood Pressure
*weakened heart can’t pump enough blood (defect in muscles or valves)
Hypotension *blocked coronary artery, heart infection, aging
*malnutrition –low protein diet (water lost from
capillaries)
Pathways of Human Circulation
Pulmonary Circulation Systemic Circulation
Coronary Hepatic Portal Renal Circulation Circulation Circulation
carries blood between lungs and heart
adds oxygen and removes CO2 from the blood
begins in right ventricle and finishes in left atrium
Pulmonary Circulation
Pulmonary Circulation
Right ventricle
Left pulmonary arteriesPulmonary
arteries Right pulmonary arteries
Left lung
Right lung
Left atrium
Pulmonary veins
Left pulmonary capillaries
Right pulmonary capillaries
Left pulmonary veins
Right pulmonary veins
AortaRight Pulmonary Artery
Left Pulmonary Artery
Right Pulmonar
y Vein
Left Pulmonar
y Vein
Superior Vena Cava
Inferior Vena Cava
Systemic Circulation
- carries blood between heart and the rest of the body
- begins from the left ventricle, ends in the right atrium
Systemic Circulation
Left ventricle
Arteries Aorta Arterioles
Right atrium
Vena cava
Body capillaries
Venules Veins
Pulmonary circulation adds _____________ and removes _____________ from the blood. Blood returning to the heart from the body tissues is low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide. This blood enters the _____________ and flows into the _____________. This chamber of the heart pumps it through the _____________ arteries to the lungs. These are the only _____________ that carry _____________ blood. All other _____________ carry _____________ blood. As the blood travels through the capillaries in the lungs, it gains _____________ and gets rid of _____________. The pulmonary capillaries merge into pulmonary veins. These veins carry the _____________ blood to the _____________ of the heart. The _______________ are the only _____________ that carry oxygen-rich blood. All other _____________ carry oxygen-poor blood.
oxygencarbon dioxide
right atriumright ventriclepulmonary
arteries oxygen-poorarteries oxygen-rich
oxygencarbon dioxide
oxygen-richleft atrium pulmonary veins
veinsveins
From the _____________ the blood enters the _____________. Systemic circulation begins in the _____________ of the heart. From here the blood is pumped into the _____________. It branches forming arteries that serve all parts of the body. The arteries divide into arterioles an finally into _____________. These tiny blood vessels are the sites for _____________ and _____________ exchange between the blood and body cells. Capillaries merge to form veins. These veins finally return the blood to the heart. The largest veins of the body are: the _________________ which returns blood from the upper parts of the body, and ________________ which returns blood from the lower parts of the body.
left atriumleft ventricleleft ventricle
aorta
capillariesoxygen carbon dioxide
superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
Coronary Circulation
Right coronary artery
Aorta Right atrium Left coronary
artery
Coronary capillaries
Right coronary veins
Left coronary veins
• Coronary circulation supplies blood to the muscle of the heart.
Hepatic Portal Circulation
Hepatic portal circulation helps to maintain balance of glucose in the blood.
As blood passes through the liver excess glucose molecules are absorbed by liver cells; and converted into glycogen.
If the amount of glucose is less in blood then liver converts glycogen into glucose that diffuse into blood.
Hepatic Portal Circulation
Capillaries in small
intestinePortal vein Venules Hepatic
sinuses
Hepatic veinsInferior vena cava
Right atrium
*Hepatic portal circulation is the only circulation that capillaries (hepatic sinuses) are found between veins.