Test Reference Range (conventional units*)

17 Hydroxyprogesterone (Men)

0.06-3.0 mg/L

17 Hydroxyprogesterone (Women) Follicular phase

0.2-1.0 mg/L

25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)

8-80 ng/mL

Acetoacetate <3 mg/dL

Acidity (pH) 7.35 - 7.45

Alcohol 0 mg/dL (more than 0.1 mg/dL normally indicates intoxication) (ethanol)

Ammonia 15 - 50 µg of nitrogen/dL

Amylase 53 - 123 units/L

Ascorbic Acid 0.4 - 1.5 mg/dL

Bicarbonate 18 - 23 mEq/L (carbon dioxide content)

Bilirubin Direct: up to 0.4 mg/dLTotal: up to 1.0 mg/dL

Blood Volume 8.5 - 9.1% of total body weight

Calcium 8.5 - 10.5 mg/dL (normally slightly higher in children)

Carbon Dioxide Pressure 35 - 45 mm Hg

Carbon Monoxide Less than 5% of total hemoglobin

CD4 Cell Count 500 - 1500 cells/µL

Ceruloplasmin 15 - 60 mg/dL

Chloride 98 - 106 mEq/L

Complete Blood Cell Count (CBC)

Tests include: hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, platelet count, white Blood cell count Please click each to view an individual test value.

Copper Total: 70 - 150 µg/dL

Creatine Kinase (CK or CPK) Male: 38 - 174 units/L Female: 96 - 140 units/L 

Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes 5% MB or less

Creatinine 0.6 - 1.2 mg/dL

Electrolytes Test includes: calcium, chloride, magnesium, potassium, sodiumPlease click each to view an individual test value.

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR or Sed-Rate)

Male: 1 – 13 mm/hrFemale: 1 - 20 mm/hr

Glucose Tested after fasting: 70 - 110 mg/dL

Hematocrit Male: 45 - 62%Female: 37 - 48%

Hemoglobin Male: 13 - 18 gm/dLFemale: 12 - 16 gm/dL

Iron 60 - 160 µg/dL (normally higher in males)

Iron-binding Capacity 250 - 460 µg/dL

Lactate (lactic acid) Venous: 4.5 - 19.8 mg/dLArterial: 4.5 - 14.4 mg/dL

Lactic Dehydrogenase 50 - 150 units/L

Lead 40 µg/dL or less (normally much lower in children)

Lipase 10 - 150 units/L

Zinc   B-Zn 70 - 102 µmol/L

Lipids:

   Cholesterol Less than 225 mg/dL (for age 40-49 yr; increases with age)

   Triglycerides 10 - 29 years  

53 - 104 mg/dL

30 - 39 years  

55 - 115 mg/dL

40 - 49 years  

66 - 139 mg/dL

50 - 59 years  

75 - 163 mg/dL

60 - 69 years  

78 - 158 mg/dL

   >  70 years  

83 - 141 mg/dL

Liver Function Tests Tests include bilirubin (total), phosphatase (alkaline), protein (total and albumin), transaminases (alanine and aspartate), prothrombin (PTT) Please click each to view an individual test value.

Magnesium 1.5 - 2.0 mEq/L

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)

27 - 32 pg/cell

is a calculation of the average amount of oxygen-carrying hemoglobin inside a red blood cell. Macrocytic RBCs are large so tend to have a higher MCH, while microcytic red cells would have a lower value

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)

32 - 36% hemoglobin/cell

is a calculation of the average concentration of hemoglobin inside a red cell. Decreased MCHC values (hypochromia) are seen in conditions where the hemoglobin is abnormally diluted inside the red cells, such as in iron deficiency anemia and in thalassemia.

Increased MCHC values (hyperchromia) are seen in conditions where the hemoglobin is abnormally concentrated inside the red cells, such as in burn patients and hereditary spherocytosis, a relatively rare congenital disorder

Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

76 – 100 cu µm

a measurement of the average size of your RBCs. The MCV is elevated when your RBCs are larger than normal (macrocytic), for example in anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. When the MCV is decreased, your RBCs are smaller than normal (microcytic) as is seen in iron deficiency anemia or thalassemias (is a group of inherited disorders that affects the amount and type of hemoglobin a person produces)

Osmolality 280 - 296 mOsm/kg water

Oxygen Pressure 83 – 100 mm Hg

Oxygen Saturation (arterial) 96 – 100%

Phosphatase, Prostatic 0 - 3 units/dL (Bodansky units) (acid)

Phosphatase 50 – 160 units/L (normally higher in infants and adolescents) (alkaline)

Phosphorus 3.0 - 4.5 mg/dL (inorganic)

Platelet Count 150,000 - 350,000/mL Both increases and decreases can point to abnormal

conditions of excess bleeding or clotting. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a machine-calculated

measurement of the average size of your platelets. New platelets are larger, and an increased MPV occurs when increased numbers of platelets are being produced. MPV gives your doctor information about platelet production in your bone marrow.

Potassium 3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L

Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)

0 - 4 ng/mL (likely higher with age)

Proteins:

   Total 6.0 - 8.4 gm/dL

   Albumin 3.5 - 5.0 gm/dL

   Globulin 2.3 - 3.5 gm/dL

Prothrombin (PTT) 25 - 41 sec

Pyruvic Acid 0.3 - 0.9 mg/dL

Red Blood Cell Count (RBC) 4.2 - 6.9 million/µL/cu mm A decreased number of RBCs results from either acute or chronic blood loss. Acute blood loss is a rapid depletion of

blood volume. Chronic blood loss stems from various conditions that often results in some form of an anemia. Chronic anemias are due to loss of small amounts of blood over a long period of time (bleeding), mechanical destruction of the RBCs, or some physiologic problem such as decreased RBC production.

Decreased RBC Trauma Burns Pregnancy Hemolytic anemia Hemorrhagic infections Gastrointestinal (GI) or other vascular bleed Iron deficiency anemia Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency bone marrow damage Metabolic disorders

Chronic inflammation Increased RBC Dehydration Pulmonary disease Congenital heart disease Polycythemia vera Renal problems Over-transfusion of whole blood Tissue hypoxia

Sodium 135 - 145 mEq/L

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

0.5 - 6.0 µ units/mL

Transaminase:

   Alanine (ALT) 1 - 21 units/L

   Aspartate (AST) 7 - 27 units/L

Urea Nitrogen (BUN) 7 - 18 mg/dL

BUN/Creatinine Ratio 5 – 35

Uric Acid Male    2.1 to 8.5 mg/dL (likely higher with age)

Female    2.0 to 7.0 mg/dL (likely higher with age)

Vitamin A 30 - 65 µg/dL

WBC (leukocyte count and white Blood cell count)

4.3-10.8 × 103/mm3

If platelet levels fall below 20,000 per microliter, spontaneous bleeding may occur and is considered a life-threatening risk.

Patients who have a bone marrow disease, such as leukemia or another cancer in the bone marrow, often experience excessive bleeding due to a significantly decreased number of platelets (thrombocytopenia). As the number of cancer cells increases in the bone marrow, normal bone marrow cells are crowded out, resulting in fewer platelet-producing cells.

Low number of platelets may be seen in some patients with long-term bleeding problems (e.g., chronic bleeding stomach ulcers), thus reducing the supply of platelets. Decreased platelet counts may also be seen in patients with Gram-negative sepsis.

Individuals with an autoimmune disorder (such as lupus or idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP), where the body’s immune system creates antibodies that attack its own organs) can cause the destruction of platelets

White Blood Cell Count (WBC)

4,300 - 10,800 cells/µL/cu mm

2/14/08 Protein, Total 7.9  6.0-8.4 g/dL   Low levels of total protein indicate a more advanced stage of liver disease.

Albumin 4.1  3.5-5.0 g/dL          A low level may mean advanced liver disease, because the liver is not able to                                               produce the normal amount.

Calcium 8.8  8.5-10.5 mg/dL   WBC 2.67  4.0-11.0 k/uL   L      Used for fighting infections. White blood cells are made in the bone marrow.

RBC 4.74  4.5-6.0 M/uL                     Lab values show over- or under-production. Low levels may mean anemia.

Hemoglobin 14.3  13.5-17.5 g/dL        Low levels may mean anemia, which is a common side effect of ribavirin

Hematocrit 41.8  40-52 %                  Low levels may mean anemia.

MCV 88.2  80-100 fL   MCH 30.2  27-34 pG   MCHC 34.2  32-36 g/dL   RDW-CV 14.4  11.7-15.0 %  

Platelet Count 71  150-400 K/uL   L     May be low in advanced liver disease, or while on interferon treatment.                                                         A low count may increase the chance of bleeding. Therefore, you must                                                         have normal levels of platelets to start interferon treatment. MPV 10.3  7.3-11.1 fL  

Neut% 57.3  40-70 %                         Low neutrophil can mean infection or inflammation. Interferon treatment                                                         is associated with low neutrophil levels. Therefore, you must have normal Abs Neut 1.53  1.8-7.7 K/uL    L          levels of neutrophils to start interferon

Lymph% 26.2  22-44 %                      These are white blood cells that produce antibodies to fight viral infections Abs Lymph 0.70  1.0-4.0 k/uL        L        . Mono% 8.2     0-7.0 %                    H Abs Mono 0.22  0-0.8 K/uL   Eosin% 7.9  0-4 %      H Abs Eosin 0.21  0-0.4 K/uL   Baso% 0.4  0-1 %   Abs Baso 0.01 0-0.2 K/uL

Alkaline Phosphatase 64   40-150 U/L       High levels mean more advanced liver disease

Bilirubin, Total 0.9   0.0-1.5 mg/dL           Helps confirm diagnosis of obstruction of the bile ducts. Jaundice indicator.

Glucose 72 65-100 mg/dL    BUN 10 10-25 mg/dL        L                Increases can be caused by excessive protein intake, kidney damage,                                                         certain drugs, low fluid intake, intestinal bleeding, exercise or heart                                                         failure. Decreased levels may be due to a poor diet, malabsorption,                                                         liver  damage or low nitrogen intake.

Creatinine 0.7 0.7-1.4 mg/dL    L           This is a breakdown product of creatinine phosphate, which is a protein                                                           found in muscle. Its level is a reflection of the bodies muscle mass. 1.05 opt.

Sodium 141 135-146 mmol/L  

Potassium 3.7 3.5-5.0 mmol/L   Chloride 104 98-110 mmol/L   CO2 25 23-32 mmol/L   Anion Gap 12 0-15 mmol/L  

ALT 73   5-50 U/L                        H      This is the most important test to follow in a person with liver disease.                                                         A high ALT may mean a high degree of liver cell damage.

AST 96    7-40 U/L                       H       This is an enzyme made in liver cells, similar to the ALT. It is also made                                                          in muscles, and can be released from damaged muscle, heart, kidney,                                                          and brain tissue.

AFP 5.0   1.0-10.0 ng/mL                      High levels may mean active liver disease. This test is also used for                                                          detection  of liver cancer  (hepatocellular cancer)..

Cryo Quantitative Bl 9 0-50 ug/mL TSH 1.110 0.400-5.500 uU/mL

HCV Quant RNA by PCR 3,440,000  -         IU/mL The linear range of this assay is >600 IU/mL . ---------------------------------------------------- CBC on 2-14-08

WBC 3.4  L Platelet count 88   L

----------------------------------------------------------- CBC ON 4/15/08

WBC 4.02     4.0-11.0 k/uL   RBC 4.62      4.5-6.0 M/uL   Hemoglobin 14.2 1  3.5-17.5 g/dL   Hematocrit 40.9    40-52 %   MCV 88.5    80-100 fL   MCH 30.7    27-34 pG   MCHC 34.7    32-36 g/dL   RDW-CV 14.5 11.7-15.0 %   Platelet Count 67   150-400 k/uL L MPV 9.3     7.3-11.1 fL  

Neut% 50.5         40-70 %   Abs Neut 2.03   1.8-7.7 K/uL   Lymph% 32.1    22-44 %   Abs Lymph 1.29   1.0-4.0 k/uL   Mono% 8.0       0-7.0 %          H Abs Mono 0.32    0-0.8 K/uL   Eosin% 9.2      0-4 %              H Abs Eosin 0.37   0-0.4 K/uL   Baso% 0.2   0-1 %   Abs Baso 0.01   0-0.2 K/uL Protein, Total 8.0   6.0-8.4 g/dL   Albumin 4.1   3.5-5.0 g/dL   Calcium 8.7    8.5-10.5 mg/dL   Bilirubin, Total 0.8   0.0-1.5 mg/dL   Alkaline Phosphatase 61   40-150 U/L  

Glucose 82    65-100 mg/dL  

BUN 11             10-25 mg/dL   Creatinine 0.8     0.7-1.4 mg/dL   Sodium 137      135-146 mmol/L   Potassium 4.1     3.5-5.0 mmol/L   Chloride 102       98-110 mmol/L   CO2 26         23-32 mmol/L   Anion Gap 9   0-15 mmol/L  

AST 65       7-40 U/L    H

ALT 47        5-50 U/L

HCV Quant RNA by PCR 3,140,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12/13/07 WBC  2.9 RBC  4.9 HGB 15.1 PLT  86. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   Keep the calcium in reserve. Iron up to somewhere around double ULN is just going to be your bone marrow crying out for as much as it can get. much above double it might be

an idea to try and chelate it. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

General Information

what the tests indicate below:

If your TSH number is non-existent it means you are HYPERthyroid

NAME AFP (Alpha-fetoprotein) NORMAL RANGE 0-8.9 ng/ml DEFINITION This is a protein that is often used as a tumor marker for liver cancer. AFP is not normally present in healthy adults, other than pregnant women. EXPLANATION OF TEST RESULT High levels may mean active liver disease. This test is also used for detection of liver cancer  (hepatocellular cancer)..

NAME Alb (Albumin) NORMAL RANGE 3.3-5.2 mg/dl DEFINITION This is the major protein in the blood, made only by the liver. It makes up the largest part of the Total Protein level. It maintains the fluid balance in your body. EXPLANATION OF TEST RESULT A low level may mean advanced liver disease, because the liver is not able to produce the normal amount. Low levels may also be due to malnutrition, kidney disease or bowel and intestinal disease.

NAME AlkP (Alkaline phosphatase) NORMAL RANGE 40-125 U/L DEFINITION This is an enzyme made in the liver's bile ducts, bone, kidney and intestine. EXPLANATION OF TEST RESULT High levels mean more advanced liver disease, especially problems with the liver's bile ducts. Levels can also be high if there is bone disease.

NAME ALT/SGPT (Alanine Aminotransferase)

NORMAL RANGE 7-56 U/L DEFINITION This is an enzyme made in liver cells. If liver cells are damaged or die, ALT leaks out into the bloodstream. EXPLANATION OF TEST RESULT This is the most important test to follow in a person with liver disease. A high ALT may mean a high degree of liver cell damage. However, ALT levels can also vary, and do not always reflect the degree of liver cell damage. A liver cell biopsy will give the most accurate information. The ALT enzyme is a more accurate marker of liver damage than the Ast enzyme. One goal of treatment for hepatitis C is a normal ALT level.

NAME Antibody   DEFINITION This is a protein developed by your body that protects you from an antigen.

NAME Anti-HBs (hepatitis B surface antibody)   EXPLANATION OF TEST RESULT If this test is positive, you have antibodies against the hepatitis B virus. You are likely to be immune (or protected) against the hepatitis B virus.

NAME Anti-HBc (hepatitis B core antibody) EXPLANATION OF TEST RESULT If this test is positive, you have developed an antibody to the core of the virus and have been exposed to the hepatitis B virus. You may be currently infected, were infected and fought it off, have chronic infection or a false positive test.

NAME Anti-HCV (hepatitis C antibody) EXPLANATION OF TEST RESULT If this test is positive, you may be infected with hepatitis C virus. This test does not tell whether you were exposed and fought off the infection, have chronic infection or if it is a false positive test. Another test called RIBA (recombinant immunoblot assay) may be used to confirm the hepatitis C antibody test result.

NAME Antigen   DEFINITION The antigen is the part of the virus that signals your body to protect itself.

NAME AST/SGOT (Aspartate Aminotransferase) NORMAL RANGE 5-35 U/L

DEFINITION This is an enzyme made in liver cells, similar to the ALT. It is also made in muscles, and can be released from damaged muscle, heart, kidney, and brain tissue. Therefore, the AST level can be affected by many conditions other than liver disease. EXPLANATION OF TEST RESULT Elevated levels can mean liver damage. Often the AST and ALT levels will elevate at the same time.

NAME Basophils NORMAL RANGE 0.01-0.20 K/µl DEFINITION These are white blood cells that are similar to Neutrophils.

NAME CBC(Complete Blood Count) NORMAL RANGE See specific tests RBC HGB WBC and Platelets DEFINITION A CBC tests for all the blood cells, including red blood cells and the different types of white blood cells.

NAME Cholesterol NORMAL RANGE 100-240 mg/dl DEFINITION Cholesterol is synthesized in the liver. It helps to build hormones, vitamins and cell membranes. EXPLANATION OF TEST RESULT High levels of cholesterol are associated with atherosclerosis and heart disease. Low levels are a marker of poor liver function.

NAME CREAT (Creatinine) NORMAL RANGE 0.6-1.4 mg/dl DEFINITION This is a breakdown product of creatinine phosphate, which is a protein found in muscle. It is made entirely by the kidneys. EXPLANATION OF TEST RESULT Abnormal levels usually indicate problems with the kidneys or renal system.

NAME Eosinophils NORMAL RANGE 0.04-0.50 K/µl DEFINITION These are white blood cells that are similar to Neutrophils.

NAME Ferritin

NORMAL RANGE 29-300 µg/L DEFINITION This protein stores iron in the liver. EXPLANATION OF TEST RESULT Primary storage form of iron in the body. High levels may mean liver disease or hemochromatosis.

NAME Genotype DEFINITION The genotype is a mixture of genes within a virus. Genotypes help determine the genetic character of the viruses, such as the hepatitis C virus. Currently, there are six known hepatitis C genotypes.

NAME GGT (Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase) NORMAL RANGE 7-64 U/l   DEFINITION This is an enzyme made in the bile ducts. High levels may mean problems with the liver's bile ducts. EXPLANATION OF TEST RESULT GGT is a very sensitive test, and can elevate if you use drugs or alcohol.

NAME Globulin NORMAL RANGE 1-2.8 g/dl DEFINITION These proteins and albumin make up Total Protein. EXPLANATION OF TEST RESULT Levels of these proteins may vary in liver disease.

NAME HBeAg (hepatitis B e antigen) EXPLANATION OF TEST RESULT If you test positive, you are currently infected and probably have high levels of hepatitis B virus in your blood. You may be very infectious to others.

NAME HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen)   EXPLANATION OF TEST RESULT If you test positive, you are currently infected with hepatitis B.

NAME HCT (Hematocrit) NORMAL RANGE 42-52%

DEFINITION This measures the percentage of red blood cells per volume of blood sample. EXPLANATION OF TEST RESULT Low levels may mean anemia. With anemia, hemoglobin may also be low.

NAME Hgb(Hemoglobin) NORMAL RANGE 14-18 g/dl DEFINITION This is a protein portion of red blood cells that carries oxygen. EXPLANATION OF TEST RESULT Low levels may mean anemia, which is a common side effect of ribavirin treatment.

NAME INR (International normalized ratio) DEFINITION This is a system of reporting the results of blood clotting tests. EXPLANATION OF TEST RESULT In the INR system, results of blood clotting tests are standardized so health care providers all over the world are able to read the results.

NAME Iron DEFINITION This is a mineral that plays a role in hemoglobin formation. EXPLANATION OF TEST RESULT % Iron Saturated in Blood: Measures overall percentage of iron in blood. Normal range is 16-60%.

   Serum Iron: Measures level of iron in blood and is used to test for both low iron and iron overload, such as hemochromatosis. Normal range is 50-150 µg/dl.

NAME LYMPHS(Lymphocytes) NORMAL RANGE 0.8-3.5 K/µl DEFINITION These are white blood cells that produce antibodies to fight viral infections.

NAME Monocytes NORMAL RANGE 0.2-0.8 K/µl DEFINITION These are WBC that destroy foreign bacteria and other matter.

NAME NEUTS (Neutrophils) NORMAL RANGE 2.2-8.6 K/µl DEFINITION These are WBC that play a key role in inflammation, allergic reactions, pus formation, and in destroying bacteria and parasites. EXPLANATION OF TEST RESULT Low neutrophil can mean infection or inflammation. Interferon treatment is associated with low neutrophil levels. Therefore, you must have normal levels of neutrophils to start interferon.

NAME Platelets NORMAL RANGE 140-400 /mm3 DEFINITION These are small blood cells that helps blood clot when injury occurs. EXPLANATION OF TEST RESULT May be low in advanced liver disease, or while on interferon treatment. A low count may increase the chance of bleeding. Therefore, you must have normal levels of platelets to start interferon treatment.

NAME Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) DEFINITION This is a test that can detect the hepatitis C virus. Examples of this test include the following: EXPLANATION OF TEST RESULT(S) Qualitative PCR: tests for presence of virus. Result is given as "positive" or "negative".

   Quantitative PCR: tests for amount of virus (viral load). The viral loads are often expressed in international units so that the values obtained by different test methods can be compared. The result is given as an actual number (for example, number of virus particles per milliliter of blood).

NAME Protein, total NORMAL RANGE 6.0-8.5 g/dl DEFINITION Total protein includes large particles in the blood made of albumin and globulins. EXPLANATION OF TEST RESULT Low levels of total protein indicate a more advanced stage of liver disease.

NAME PT (Prothrombin Time) NORMAL RANGE 9.8-13.8 seconds DEFINITION This is a measure of the time that it takes for your blood to clot. Prothrombin is a protein that is changed to thrombin during clotting. EXPLANATION OF TEST RESULT High PT may mean advanced liver disease. It may also be high if you are taking coumadin (warfarin) for a heart condition, or if you have a vitamin K deficiency.

NAME PTT (Partial Thromboplastin Time) NORMAL RANGE 24.2-36.0 seconds DEFINITION This is another measure of clotting time. EXPLANATION OF TEST RESULT In addition to PT, this result shows if blood is clotting at a normal time. It is higher than normal in people with clotting disorders or patients on certain medicines, such as heparin.

NAME Quasispecies DEFINITION When the virus changes and makes copies, it can make errors. This leads to minor genetic differences in viruses in an individual infected with a single genotype.

NAME RBC(Red Blood Cells) NORMAL RANGE 4.7-6.1 /mm3   DEFINITION These are small cells that carry oxygen in the blood. EXPLANATION OF TEST RESULT Lab values show over- or under-production. Low levels may mean anemia.

NAME RIBA™ (recombinant immunoblot assay) DEFINITION This is a more specific test than the hepatitis C antibody test, that helps confirm a diagnosis of hepatitis C virus infection.

NAME T3, total NORMAL RANGE 45-137 ng/dl DEFINITION T3 is a form of thyroid hormone. EXPLANATION OF TEST

RESULT T3 levels may be abnormal in liver disease.

NAME T4, free NORMAL RANGE 9-24 pmol/l DEFINITION T4 is a form of thyroid hormone. EXPLANATION OF TEST RESULT T4 levels may be abnormal in liver disease.

NAME TBili (bilirubin, total) NORMAL RANGE 0.1-1.2 mg/dl DEFINITION TBili is a breakdown product from hemoglobin in old red blood cells. Usually, it is removed from the blood by the liver, broken down, and sent to the intestines through the bile ducts. EXPLANATION OF TEST RESULT High levels mean liver damage, or blockage in the ducts (tubes) of the liver. High levels also cause yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (called jaundice).

NAME Triglycerides NORMAL RANGE 10-190 mg/dl DEFINITION These are fatty substances in the blood. EXPLANATION OF TEST RESULT Triglyceride levels may become high during interferon treatment. Levels usually return to normal after treatment has stopped. NAME TSH (Thyroid Stimulation Hormone) NORMAL RANGE 0.4-6.0 µIU/ml DEFINITION This hormone causes other thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) to be produced. Thyroid hormones help the body function, and metabolize foods. EXPLANATION OF TEST RESULT High levels of TSH are associated with interferon treatment and hypothyroidism. NAME WBC(White Blood Cells) NORMAL RANGE 4.8-10.8 /mm3 DEFINITION This test measures the overall number of white blood cells. There are five types of WBC: Neutrophils, eosinophils, basoph, Monocytles and Lymphocytes. Each of them does slightly different jobs. All of them are used for fighting infections. White blood cells are made in the bone marrow.

EXPLANATION OF TEST RESULT Low WBC may mean bone marrow depression, a common side effect of interferon treatment. Low levels can also be caused by reactions to toxins, or to the presence of a virus.

                        

   --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

       Liver Function Test (LFT)

Here is a breakdown of what an LFT (Liver Function Test) may include, what it does, normal values, and what other than normal values can mean. Also drugs and other things that can affect the results of each test.

The typical Liver Profile test includes: Bilirubin Protein LDL Alkaline Phosphatase SGOT/AST (aspartate amino transferase) SGPT/ALT (amino alanine transferase) Albumin Globulin

BLOOD BILIRUBIN: Test evaluates liver function and the condition of red blood cells. Diagnoses jaundice. Monitors progression of jaundice. Helps confirm diagnosis of obstruction of the bile ducts. Helps diagnose cause of anemia. Normal Values: Adult indirect bilirubin levels--1.1 mg/dl or less Adult direct bilirubin levels--Less than 0.5 mg/dl Total bilirubin in a newborn--1 to 12mg/dl

What "high" or "increased" may indicate: Congenital enzyme deficiencies (Gilbert's disease) Liver damage Severe hemolytic anemia

Obstruction of bile ducts from stones or tumors If over 20mg/dl in a newborn, exchange transfusion may be needed.