Cardiovascular System

Lloyd Dean

Blood Vessels

Recap

This is a link to purposegames. Use this. If you cannot access this/find it on the internet then go into BlackBoard, upload this file and

click through this link!

True of False (Thumbs up and down)1. The left side of the heart has a smaller

myocardium then the right side2. There are 5 heart valves 3. Stroke volume is the amount of blood

ejected from the heart per contraction4. Vena Cava is the largest vein5. The aorta send oxygenated blood

from the heart to the lungs

AimsBy the end of the lesson you should be able

to:

Describe the structure and function of the different blood vessels (Task 1)

State how vasodilation and vasoconstriction occur (Task 1)

Recall diseases with blood vessels

Now…The blood vessel family!

Structure of Blood Vessels

Structure of LayersTunica Externa / AdventitiaOuter layerLargely made up of collagen and elastin fibersSupports blood vessel by being shock absorber

Tunica MediaMiddle layerMainly smooth muscle with elastic layers and collagenUsed for vasoconstriction and vasodilation

Tunica IntimaComposed of smooth epithelial cells named

endotheliumMinimises friction between moving blood

Let’s see vasodilation and vasoconstriction!

Explain this for p

art of the merit criteria

Artery / ArteriolesArteriesPumps oxygenated blood to the bodyHave narrow lumensStrong as pumping blood at high pressure

(Pinterest, 2013)

ArteriolesBranches into smaller arteries (arterioles)

when nearer tissueMore smooth muscle to control blood flow

CapillariesThinnest blood vesselMade of single layer of endothelial cellsBring blood as close as possible to all cellsExchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, water,

salts, between the blood and the surrounding body tissues takes place

Large quantities cover the muscle, ensuring efficient exchange of gases

(Pinterest, 2013)

Veins / VenulesVenulesVessels formed from capillariesDrains blood from capillaries into veins

VeinsHave same walls as artery but less thinner,

elastic and muscularPressure and speed of blood is lowWider Lumen than arteryHave valves that prevent backflow of blood

(Pinterest, 2013)

TaskLet’s make some

blood vessels

Play – dohScissorsMarker pensStraws

You need to:

-Create a vein and artery-Apply the structures we have discussed so far-Represent blood vessel disease (If you have time)

Comparison of Blood VesselsFeature Artery Capillary Vein

Tunica Externa √ X √

Tunica Media Thick X Thinner

Tunica Interna √ √ √

Size of Lumen Small Microscopic Large

Valves X X √

Task

What can happen if we do not look after the blood vessels?

What this video and then fill in your story board.

Tell your study buddy what you think is happening here?

This will help to give you a focus!

What can happen if we do not look after the blood vessels?Arteriosclerosis

describes a number of conditions

The thickening of the arteries which results in loss of elasticity

Can lead to heart attacks and strokes

Most common form is atherosclerosis

Build up of fatty substances, such as cholesterol

Results in formation of plaque in arteries

Hypertension (High blood pressure) can also lead o loss of elasticity

What lifestyle changes can be made to reduce the risk of arteriosclerosisGive up smoking

Keep cholesterol levels at a safe limit

Improve diet

Control weight

Reduce stress

BiliographyPinterest. 2013. INFO. [online] Available at:

http://www.pinterest.com/pin/379006124862451723/ [Accessed: 2 Dec 2013].

Pinterest. 2013. Sketchbooks. [online] Available at: http://www.pinterest.com/pin/133771051405630832/ [Accessed: 2 Dec 2013].

Pinterest. 2013. Nursing. [online] Available at: http://www.pinterest.com/pin/273030796132827898/ [Accessed: 2 Dec 2013].