bls_1172-5_1955.pdf

MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAUL , MINN.NOVEMBER 1954

BLS Bulletin No. 1172-5

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABORJames P. Mitchell, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Aryness Joy Wickens, Acting Commissioner

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P a g e

INTRODUCTION________________________________________________ 1

TABLES:

A: Occupational earnings * -A -1 Office occupations _____________________________ 3A -2 Professional and technical occupations_________ 6A -3 Maintenance and power plant occupations________ 7A-4 Custodial and material movement

occupations ___________________________________ 8

B: Establishment practices and supplementary- wage provisions -

B -1 Shift differential provisions * __________________ 10B-2 Minimum entrance rates for women

office workers _____________________________ 11B - 3 Frequency of wage payment___________________ _ 12B-4 Scheduled weekly hours * _______________________ 12B -5 Paid holiday provisions * _______________________ 13B-6 Paid vacations * ________________________________ 14

APPENDIX: Job descriptions------- --------------------------------------------- 16

* NOTE: Similar tabulations (also covering health, insurance, and pension plans) are available in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area re ports for November 1951, November 1952, and November 1953. The 1953 report also provides tabulations of wage structure characteristics, labor-management agreements, and overtime pay provisions. A directory indicating date of study and the price of the reports, as well as reports for other major areas, is available upon request.

A current report on occupational earnings and supplementary wage practices is also available for the machinery industries in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area (November 1954). Union scales, indicative of prevailing pay levels, are available for, the following trades or industries: Building construction, printing*; local transit operating employees, and motortruck drivers.

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84th Congress, 1st Session

O C C U P A T I O N A L WAGE SURVEY

I n t r o d u c t i o n

The Minneapolis-St. Paul area is one of Several important industrial centers in which the Bureau of Labor Statistics has conducted surveys of occupational earnings and related wage benefits on an areawide basis. In each area, data are obtained by personal visits of Bureau field agents to representative establishments within 6 broad industry divisions: Manufacturing; transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. Major industry groups excluded from these studies are government institutions and the construction and extractive industries. Establishments having fewer than a prescribed number of workers were also omitted since they furnish insufficient employment in the occupations studied to warrant inclusion. 1 Wherever possible, separate tabulations are provided for the individual broad industry divisions.

These surveys are conducted on a sample basis because of the unnecessary cost involved in surveying all establishments, and to ensure prompt publication of results. To obtain appropriate accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of small establishments is studied. In combining the data, however, all establishments are given their appropriate weight. Estimates are presented, therefore,as relating to all establishments in the industry grouping and area, but not to those below the minimum size studied.2

Occupations and Earnings

Occupational classification is based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of inter establishment variation in duties within the same job (see Appendix for listing of these descriptions). Earnings data are presented for the following types of occupations: (a) Office clerical; (b) professional and technical; (c) maintenance and powerplant; and (d) custodial and material movement.

* This report was prepared in the Bureau s regional office in Chicago, 111., by Woodrow C. Linn under the direction of George E. Votava, Regional Wage and Industrial Relations Analyst.

1 See following table for minimum-size establishment covered by study.

2 An exception is made in the tabulation of minimum entrance rates for women office workers which relates to provisions in establishments actually studied.


House Document No. 37

M I N N E A P O L I S - S T . P A U L , MINN . *

Data are shown for full-time workers, i.e., those hired to work a full-time schedule for the given occupational classification. Earnings data exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Nonproduction bonuses are also excluded, but cost-of-living bonuses and incentive earnings are included. Where weekly hours are reported, as for office clerical occupations, reference is to the work schedules (rounded to the nearest half-hour)for which straight-time salaries are paid; average weekly earnings for these occupations have been rounded to the nearest 50 cents.

Occupational employment estimates refer to the total in all establishments within the scope of the study and not to the number actually surveyed. Because of differences in occupational structure among establishments, the estimates of occupational employment obtained from the sample of establishments studied serve only to indicate the relative importance of the jobs studied. These differences in occupational structure do not materially affect the accuracy of the earnings data.

Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions

Information is also presented on selected establishment practices and supplementary benefits as they relate to office and plant workers. The term, "office workers", as used in this bulletin includes all office clerical employees and excludes administrative, executive, professional, and technical personnel. "Plant workers" include working foremen and all nonsupervisory workers (including leadmen and trainees) engaged in nonoffice functions. Administrative, executive, professional, and technical employees, and force account construction employees who are utilized as a separate work force are excluded. Cafeteria workers and routemen are excluded in manufacturing industries but are included as plant workers in nonmanufacturing industries.

Shift-differential data are limited to manufacturing industries. This information is presented both in terms of (a) establishment policy3 and (b) effective provisions for workers

3 An establishment was considered as having a policy if it met either of the following conditions: (l) Operated late shifts at the time of the survey, or (2)had formal provisions covering late shifts.


2actually employed on extra shifts at the time of the survey. Tabulations relating to establishment policy are presented in terms of total plant worker employment; estimates in the second tabulation relate only to those workers actually employed on the specified shift.

Supplementary practices, other than minimum entrance rates for women office workers, and shift differentials, are treated statistically on the basis that these are provided to all workers employed in offices or plant departments that observe the practice in question.1 2 * 4 * Because of varying eligibility re-

4 Scheduled weekly hours for office workers (first section of table B-4) are presented in terms of the proportion of women office workers employed in offices with the indicated weekly hours for women workers.

quirements, the proportion actually receiving the specific benefits may be smaller. Moreover, a practice was considered as applicable to all office or plant workers in an establishment if it applied to a majority of such workers. Because of rounding, sums of individual items in these tabulations do not necessarily equal totals.

The summary of vacation plans is limited to formal arrangements, excluding informal plans whereby time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the employer or the supervisor. Separate estimates are provided according to employer practice in computing vacation payments, such as time payments, percent of annual earnings, or flat-sum amounts. However, in the tabulations of vacation allowances by years of service, payments not on a time basis were converted; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as the equivalent of 1 week*s pay.

Establishments and W orkers Within Scope of Survey and Number Studied in M inneapolis-St. Paul, Minn. , by M ajor Industry D ivision, November 1954

Minimum size Number of establishments W orkers in establishments

Industry division establishment in 8cope of Within scope of StudiedWithin scope o f study Studied

study 2 study T ota l3 Office Plant T ota l3

All divisions __________________________________________ 51 998 237 225,300 46,600 139,700 135,640

M anufacturing________ ________ ___________________ __ 51 409 89 114,600 16,100 79,300 69,540Nonmanufacturing --------------------------------------------------

Transportation (excluding railroads),51 589 148 110,700 30,500 60,400 66,100

communication, and other public u tilities4- 51 66 23 24,700 4,700 15,100 19,960Wholesale trade ____________________________________ 51 134 37 18,600 6,300 7,200 8,660Retail trade __________________ _____________________ 51 231 41 39,600 5,200 29,700 22,650Finance, insurance, and real estate ____________ - 51 83 29 17,800 13,100 5 1,400 11,760S erv ices6 __________________________________________ 51 75 18 10,000 (7) (7) 3,070

1 The Minneapolis - St. Paul Metropolitan A rea (Anoka, Dakota, Hennepin, and Ramsey Counties). The "workers within scope of study" estim ates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description o f the size and com position of the labor force included in the survey. The estimates are not intended, how ever, to serve as a basis o f com parison with other area employment indices to m easure employment trends or levels since (1) planning o f wage surveys requires the use of establishment data com piled considerably in advance of the pay period studied, and (2) sm all establishments are excluded from the scope of the survey.

2 Includes all establishments with total employment at or above the minimum size limitation. A ll outlets (within the area) of companies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair serv ice , and m otion-picture theaters are considered as one establishment.

Includes executive, technical, professional,and other workers excluded from the separate office and plant categories.A lso excludes taxicabs, and serv ices incidental to water transportation included in earlier studies.

* Estimate relates to real estate establishments only.Hotels; personal serv ices ; business serv ices ; automobile repair shops; radio broadcasting and television; motion pictures; nonprofit m em bership organizations; and engineer

ing and architectural serv ices .7 This industry division is represented in estimates fo r "all industries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the Series A and B tables, although coverage was insufficient to justify

separate presentation of data.


A: Occupational Earnings

Table A-ls Office Occupations(Average straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings 1 for selected occupations studied on an area basis

in Minneapolis-St. Paul, M inn., by industry division, Novem ber 1954)

Sex, occupation, and industry divisionNumber

ofworkers

Averaqk NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF-

Weeklyhours

(Standard)Weekly

(Standard)Under$35. 00

. _ .522 2. 06 j i i 10 1 46 236 165 7 23

534 J 2.12 11 1

i

11

1

12 8 26

1

32

J X

78 20 26 70 15 92 50 18 3 61357 2 .10 . . 9 9 8 20 27 47 11 22 57 8 75 49 . - 15 . . . . -177 2 .16 - - 11 1 2 3 - 6 5 31 9 4 13 7 17 1 18 3 46 - - - - -

M illwrights ---------------- .......................... 245 2 .24 1 8 3 2 12 42 38 27 15 49 2 5 15 _ _ 26 _ .241 7 7A 1 7 3 2 12 42 38 27 15 47 2 5 15 25181 1.86 2 3 5 88 46 1 3 4 2 4 9 14179 1.86 2 3 - * 5 88 46 3 4 2 4 8 - - - 14 - - - - - -

185 2.42 1 ? 3 2 2 17 . 18 6 25 2 _ 3 2 . 96 4 2Manufacturing .......... - 76 2.33 . . . . 1 _ 2 2 10 - 9 2 16 2 - 2 2 . 28 . _ - _

109 2 .48 - - 1 - 1 3 * 7 * 9 4 9 - 1 * 68 4 - 2 -

P ipefitters , m aintenance 182 2 .45 1 3 1 30 19 1 13 37 20 8 7 *42164 7 A7 \ 3 1 30 19 1 13 37 15. 7 37

Sheet-m etal w ork ers , maintenance 73 2.42 2 2 1 12 7 16 2 3 28Manufacturing ..... - ...... ..... ........ 72 2.42 2 2 1 12 6 16 2 - - 3 " - - 28 - -

T ool and die m akers ----------------- -------- --- 634 2 .44 7 5 5 26 59 34 36 75 175 33 179634 2 .44 7 5 5 26 59 34 36 75 175 33 179 "

1 Excludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and for w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Occupational Wage Survey, M inneapolis-St. Paul, M in n., November l'*54* W orkers w ere distributed as follow s: 42 at $3 to $3 .1 0 . U .S . DEPARTMENT OF LABOR* Transportation (excluding ra ilroads), com munication, and other public utilities. Bureau of Labor Statistics


(Average hourly earnings 1 for selected occupations 2 studied on an area basis in Minneapolis-St. Paul, M inn., by industry division, November 1954)

Table A-4: Custodial and Mqterial Movement Occupations

NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF

Occupation and industry divisionNumber

ofworkersAveragehourlyearnings

Under$1 . 0 0

$1 . 0 0and

under1.05

$1.05

1 . 10

$1 . 10

1. 15

$1. 15

1 . 20

$1 . 20

1 . 25

$1.25

1.30

$1.30

1.35

$1.35

1.40

$1.40

1.45

$1.45

1.50

$1. 50

1. 55

S1. 55

1.60

$1 . 60

1.65

$1.65

1.70

I1.70

1.75

$1.75

1 , 80

$1 . 80

1. 85

$1. 85

1.90

S1.90

1.95

1.95

2 . 0 0

$2 . 0 0

2 . 10

2 . 10

2 . 20

%2 . 20

2 .30

$2 .30

? . 40

s2. 40a n dover

Guards ________ __________ ______ ______ 560$1.75 6 9 4 1 3 2 56 53 8 85 31 55 82 38 7 107 13

M anufacturing________1____ _________ 453 1.78 2 - 48 46 5 67 13 41 66 38 7 107 - 13 - - -N onm anufacturing___________________ 107 1 . 60 - - 6 - 9 4 - 1 - l 2 8 7 3 18 18 14 1 6

Finance ** ------------------------------------ 93 1.60 ~ ~ 6 8 4 " 1 1 2 5 7 3 9 17 14 1 6

Janitors, porters, and cleaners2.583 1.41 95 225 -165 10 6 53_ 28 ... 134 58 91 124 300 383 JJ08 229 131 66 63 6 2 1 ? 45 _

M anufacturing------------------------------------ 1, 127 1. 57 4 7 10 7 1 26 14 40 25 172 159 159 209 97 53 54 35 14 41 _ _ - - - -N onm anufacturing----------------------------- 1,456 1 . 28 91 218 155 106 46 27 108 44 51 99 128 224 49 20 34 13 9 27 3 4 - - - - - -

Public utilities * -------------------------- 175 1. 57 - - - - 1 4 10 - 3 10 35 17 23 13 19 1 1 7 18 - 4 - - - - - -W holesale trade --------------------------- 108 1.40 6 - - 7 15 - 3 6 10 4 17 1 15 1 15 - 2 6Retail t r a d e ______________________ 603 1 . 21 30 152 93 44 15 17 35 20 1 1 62 51 58 9 - - - - 3 3 - - - - - - -Finance ** ------------------------------------ 353 1. 37 " 43 3 6 15 6 56 6 24 13 23 148 2 6 2

Janitors, porters, and cleaners(women) _______________________________ 961 1 . 2 2 3169 43 21 9 61 409 5 24 46 8 22 91 35 3 1 2 3

M anufacturing--------------- ---------------- 278 1. 37 41 - - 1 28 4 - 6 40 4 20 89 32 3 10 - - - - - - - - - - -Nonm anufacturing................. .................. 683 1 . 1 6 128 43 21 8 33 405 5 18 6 4 2 2 3 2 3

L aborers, m aterial handling __________ ..4,959 1.72 6 * 53 7 35 20 53 28 59 53 88 90 217 373 461 293 190 323 1051 502 690 88 42 160 2 2M anufacturing________ ____ _________ 2,286 1.70 - ! - - 16 14 7 35 1 1 10 72 206 310 445 218 87 1 2 2 374 46 46 88 3 154 2 2 - -N onm anufacturing------------------------------- 2,673 1.74 61 I 53 7 35 4 39 21 24 42 78 18 1 1 63 16 75 103 201 677 456 644 - 39 6 - -

Public utilities * _________________ 1,130 1. 85 - - - - - - 7 - 5 63 - - - - - 1 2 - 140 264 639 - - - - . -W holesale trade _________________ 937 1.77 - - - - - 8 - 8 21 - - - 56 4 61 89 51 450 189 - - - - - - -Retail t r a d e _______________________ 595 1. 50 61 53 7 35 4 31 14 1 6 1 2 14 18 1 1 7 1 2 14 2 150 87 3 5 39 -

Order f ille rs ____ _____________________ 2.407 1.67 1 0 1 35 32 134 1 1 25 33 1 1 26 66 35 17 65 218 229 194 607 335 84 45 103 1Manufacturing _ --------------- ---------------- 502 1 . 68 - - 26 - 9 9 - - 15 32 26 10 31 140 27 77 6 1 2 - - 81 1 - - -Nonm anufacturing________________ 1,905 1.67 1 0 1 35 32 108 1 1 16 24 1 1 - 1 1 34 9 7 34 78 20 2 117 6 01 323 84 45 2 2 - - _ .

W holesale trade _________________ 1,076 1.79 1 3 7 5 5 20 54 194 117 471 168 32 - - - - - -Retail t r a d e ........... .............. ............... 580 1. 38 1 0 1 30 32 108 n 1 6 24 1 1 ~ 15 2 2 14 24 8 130 50 2 * - - - -

P a ck ers , shipping (men) ----------------------- 959 1.71 21 ' 5 4 1 2 13 2 15 1 6 28 1 1 6 18 42 80 159 317 33 75 2 1M anufacturing......................................... - 435 1.67 - - - 4 - - 9 1 2 - 1 2 8 28 113 18 36 18 47 55 - 75 - - - - - -Nonmanufacturing ----------------------------- 524 1.75 - - - 17 5 4 3 1 2 3 8 - 3 - 6 62 1 1 2 2 6 2 33 - 2 - 1 - - -

W holesale trade _________________ 463 1.79 - - - - - - - - - - 6 - - - 5 57 1 1 0 249 33 - 2 - 1 - - -Retail t r a d e ---------------------------------- 61 1.41 17 5 4 3 1 2 3 2 3 1 5 2 13

Packers, shipping (women) ____________ 366 1.27 46 5 38 14 16 32 38 11 84 1 2 16 21 8 17 6 2X X a n u fa r h i r in g 2 2 0 1. 33 7 28 9 2 2 1 6 66 1 2 14 2 1 8 17N onm anufacturing----------------------------- 146 1. 19 39 5 1 0 14 7 1 0 2 2 11 18 2 - 6 2

Receiving c lerk s ________ ______________ 428 1. 83 _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 2 3 8 16 14 . 23 2 0 1 1 46 51 49 73 30 55 1 0 7 3244 1 . 88 1 0 7 i U 7 45 36 15 ec 7 *

N onm anufacturing___________________ 184 l! 77 - - - _ - - 7 2 3 8 6 7 - 22 9 4 15 CtC27 58 1 O15 OD _ f OW holesale trade _________________ 1 0 2 1 . 88 7 4 - 1 0 24 43 14 . . _Retail t r a d e ..... ............................ ....... 73 1 . 61 - - - - - - 7 2 3 8 6 7 - 14 2 - 1 5 2 15 1 - - - - _

See footnotes at end o f table.* Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities. * * Finance, insurance, and real estate.

Occupational Wage Survey, M inneapolis-St. Paul, M inn., N ovem ber 1954U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

Bureau o f Labor Statistics


(Average hourly earnings 1 for selected occupations 2 studied on an area basis in M inneapolis-St. Paul, M inn., by industry division, Novem ber 1954)

Table A-4: Custodial and Material .Movement Occupations - Continued

NUMliKlt OK WORKERS KECKIVINO 8TRAIGHT-TI ME HOURLY EARNINGS OF$ $ $ 9 s $ $ $ $ 9 9 9 S 9 1 $ 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

Occupation and industry division of lionrlv Under 1 . 0 0 1.05 1 . 10 1. 15 1 . 2 0 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.40 1.45 l . 50 1. 55 1.60 1.65 1.70 1.75 1.80 1. 85 1.90 1.95 2 . 00 2 . 10 2 . 20 2.30 2. 40workera earning* $ and1 00 under and1.05 1 . 10 1. 15 1 . 2 0 1. 25 1. 30 1.35 1.40 1.45 1. 50 1. 55 1 . 60 1.65 1.70 1.75 1 . 80 1. 85 1 . 9 0 1.95 2 . 00 2 . 10 2 . 20 2. 30 2. 40 over

Shipping c lerk s _________________________ 421$1. 87 2 2 7 7 31 8 67 79 26 115 29 1 2 26 7 3

M anufacturing________________________ 228 1 . 8 8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 1 1 2 51 60 1 1 28 13 12 23 7 . 3Nonmanufacturing ___________________ 193 1.85 - - - - - - - - 2 - - 2 7 - 20 6 16 19 15 87 16 . 3 - . -

W holesale trade .............................. 137 1.90 7 - 10 11 14 76 1 6 - 3 - - -

Shipping and receiv ing c lerk s -............. .. 255 1. 84 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 2 4 9 5 10 5 9 27 70 15 52 18 4 5 9M anufacturing______________________ 164 1. $3 - - - - - - - - 11 - - - 5 V ------ 5| 8 16 67 8 14 ~w - 4 - - 9N onm anufacturing___________________ 91 1.84 - - - - - - - - - 2 4 9 - 1 - 1 1 1 3 7 38 10 . _ 5 - _

W holesale trade ........ ............. .......... 50 1.93 8 1 7 19 10 - - 5 - -

T ruckd rivers, light (under 1 */a to n s )__ 1.053 1.91 7 _ 6 2 1 3 26 . 27 17 n 9 36 15 753 36 32 2 42 28M anufacturing___ ______________ _____ 139 2 . 11 7 ------ T - 11 33 - 2 42 28 -

T ruckdrivers, medium (iV a to andincluding 4 tons) ............................... .......... 1 . 2 6 6 1.92 - - - - - - - - 1 - 19 - . - 8 5 53 80 117 802 38 94 1 30 1 2 6

Manufacturing ........ .................................. 311 1.97 - - - - - - - - 1 - 3 - - r r W W 52 50 31 64 . * - ~ w 1 2 ~ z N onm anufacturing........ ....... .......... ......... 955 1.90 16 - - - - i 28 55 65 752 7 30 1 - - -

'PiiHli/* nfilUiAR 542 1. 90 1 6 1 1 485 c nW holesale trade .......... ...................... 297 l! 89 25 54

l4 214 - - - -

T ruckdrivers, heavy (over 4 tons,tra iler type) ..... ......................... ............ 583 1.93 2 - 3 18 7 491 45 - 1 1 . - 6

N onm anufacturing_____ __________ 559 1.92 2 - 18 1 485 45 - 8 - . -W holesale trade __________________ 109 1.93 2 - - 18 1 43 45 . . - . -Retail trade ......................................... 1 1 0 1.96 1 0 2 - 8 - -

T ruckdrivers, heavy (over 4 tons,other than tra ile r t y p e ) ..................... ...... 16 0 1.91 5 21 60 54 3 1 4 1 ? . .

N onm anufacturing........................ ........ . i i 1.90 * 5 - 54 48 3 1 4 - -

T ruckers, pow er (forklift) ........................ 604 1. 87 . 3 3 1 1 3 17 19 56 7 14 36 25 287 1 1 0 9 . 4M anufacturing.............. ............................. 278 1.85 - - - - - - - 3 3 - 1 1 3 13 14 56 7 8 33 - 4 - 1 1 0 9 - - 4N onm anufacturing................................... 326 1.90 4 5 6 3 25 283 " ~ "

T ruckers, pow er (other thanforklift) ..................................... ........... . __ 236 . 1.75 1 - 2 32 1 1 97 6 22 6 - 52 4 - - 3 -

M anufacturing..... .......... ........... ........... . 2 1 6 i . 7 r 1 " 2 32 10 95 6 - 11 52 4 3 -

Watchmen _______________________________ 373 1. 54 2 9 16 11 1 10 10 9 15 2 18 ?7 38 21 22 31 7 17 18 15 . _ . 4 _ .M anufacturing.......................................... . 155 1 . 6 2 8 1 r - 4 5 1 13 27 13 14 10 5 3 9 18 14 - - - 4 - -N onm anufacturing___________________ 218 1.48 2 1 16 11 - 4 10 5 10 1 5 70 25 7 1 2 26 4 8 - 1 - - - - - -

Public utilities * ..... ............. _ 82 1 . 62 33 8 1 2 24 4 1

1 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. a Data lim ited to men w ork ers, except where otherwise indicated.3 W orkers w ere distributed as follow s: 6 under $ 0 .8 5 ; 17 at $0 .85 to $ 0 .9 0 ; 44 at $ 0 .9 0 to $ 0 .9 5 ; 102 at $0 .9 5 to $1 . * Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities.


10

B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions

Table B-1: Shift Differential Provisions 1

Percent o f manufacturing plant w orkers

Shift differential

(a)In establishments having form al provisions fo r

(b)Actually working on

Second shift work

Third or other shift w ork Second shift

Third or other shift

Total -------......... .............. ...-------------- --------------------------- 88.1 79.7 11.8 2 .4

With shift pay d iffe re n t ia l-------- ---------- ----- 87.4 79.0 11.5 2 .4

69.3 60.9 8 .4 1.9

14.6 3.1 2 .0 .17 cents ............................. ... - ------------------ 3 .8 1 .6 .3 -

.8 - .2 -4 .8 1.1 . 7 -

9 c e n t s -------------------------------------- -------------- -------------------- 7.0 7.0 .1 . 110 c e n t s ------------------------- ------------------------------------ ------ 29.2 17.4 3.0 1.112 c e n t s -------------------------------------- -------- - - ----------- - 8.3 - . 112 */ c e n t s ------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.3 .8 .1 AOver 12Va and under 15 c e n ts ------ ------- ------ -------- 3 .6 4 .6 .7 . 115 c e n t s ---------------- ---------------------------------------- 3.8 8 .3 .9 .1Over 15 c e n ts ------------ ------- ------------------------------------- ------ .5 8 .8 .2 .3

Uniform p e r c e n ta g e ------------------------------------------- ------------- 17 .8 17.8 3 .0 .4

5 p e r c e n t ---------- ------ ------ -------------------------------------- 2.1 . . 1 -7i/ j p e r c e n t --------------- ------------------------------------------------- 10.9 2.1 2 .0 A10 percent ------- ---------------------------------------- -------------- 4 .9 1 .8 .9 A12l/a percent - ........------ ----------- ------ -------------- - 10.9 - .313 percent ---------------------------------- ---------------------------- " 3.1

Other ------- ....-------------------------- ----------------------------- .3 .3 .1 . 1

No shift pay differential ------ ---------------------- ----------- .7 .7 .3 A

1 Shift differential data are presented in term s of (a) establishment p olicy , and (b) worker* actually employed on late shifts at the tim e of the survey. An establishment was considered as having a po licy if it met either o f the following conditions: ( l) Operated late shifts at the time of the survey, or (2) had form al provisions covering late shifts.

A Less than 0. 05 percent.

Occupational Wage Survey, Minneapolis-St. Paul, M inn., November 1954U .S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR



Table B-2: Minimum Entrance Rates for Women Office Workers 1

Minimum rate (weekly salary)

Number o f establishments with specified minimum hiring rate in II Number o f establishm ents with specified minimum hiring rate in

A llindustries

Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing || Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing

Based on standard weekly hours 2 o f All Based on standard weekly hours 2 of

A llschedules 40

A llschedules 37l/a 40 |

industriesAll

schedules 40All

schedules 37l/z 40

Establishm ents stu d ied _________ 237 89 XXX 148 XXX XXX II 237 89 XXX 148 XXX XXX

FOR INEXPERIE]MCED TYPIS TS I'OR OTHER ]:n e x p e r ie n c : e d CLERIC AL WORKERS

Establishm ents having a specifiedminimum 124 44 40 80 10 63 123 43 40 80 9 63

$27. 50 and under $30 .00 ----------------- 6 - - 6 - 6 7 - - 7 - 7$30 .00 and under $32. 50 . ___ 2 - - 2 2 2 - - 2 - 2$32 . 50 and under $35 .00 ___________ 6 2 2 4 2 1 14 1 1 13 2 8$35 .00 and under $37. 50 ___________ 30 5 4 25 1 20 26 7 6 19 1 16$37 .50 and under $40 .00 ___________ 16 4 4 12 3 9 15 6 5 9 3 6$40 .00 and under $42. 50 ___________ 36 19 17 17 3 14 32 17 16 15 3 12$42 . 50 and under $45 .00 ------------ 8 5 5 3 - 1 9 4 4 5 - 2$45 .00 and under $47. 50 ___________ 11 5 5 6 1 5 10 5 5 5 - 5$47 . 50 and under $50 .00 ----------------- 5 2 1 3 - 3 4 1 1 3 - 3$ 50.00 and under $ 52. 50 ___ 3 1 1 2 - 2 3 1 1 2 - 2$52. 50 and o v e r _____________________ 1 1 1 - - - 1 1 1 - -

Establishm ents having no specifiedminim um _ . 72 37 XXX 35 XXX XXX 69 36 XXX 33 XXX XXX

Establishm ents which did notem ploy w orkers in this c a t e g o r y ____ 38 8 XXX 30 XXX XXX 42 10 XXX 32 XXX XXX

Data not a v a ila b le ----------------------------------- 3 XXX 3 XXX XXX 3 XXX 3 XXX XXX

1 Low est sa lary rate form ally established for hiring inexperienced w orkers for typing or other c le r ica l jobs.2 Hours re fle ct the workweek fo r which em ployees receive their regular straight-tim e sa laries . Data are presented fo r all workweeks com bined, and for the m ost com m on workweeks reported.

Occupational Wage Survey, Minneapolis -St. Paul, M inn., November 1954U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

Bureau of Labor Statistics


Table B-3: Frequency of Wage Payment

PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED I N - PERCEN T OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN

F r e q u e n c y o f p a y m e n t All . industries1 Manufacturing

Publicutilities1''

Wholesaletrade Retail trade Finance** Services

All 2industries Manufacturing

Publicutilities*

Wholesaletrade Retail trade Services

A l l w o r k e r s _____________ __________________________________ 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0

J

_________________l______ 1 0 0 ______ 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0

W e e k l y __________________________________________________________ 3 0 3 0 6 9 31 5 2 10

j

8 1 9 2 6 9 7 0 7 5B i w e e k l y ________________________________________________________ 2 2 2 5 2 1 18 2 4 2 0 13 8 2 8 1 8 16S e m i m o n t h l y __________________________________________________ 4 6 4 6 10 4 6 2 4 6 6 5 A A 9 9M o n t h l y - _____________________ ______ _______________ ____ ________ A - - - - 4 - - - - -I n f o r m a t i o n n o t a v a i l a b l e _______________________ - A 5 A 3

1 Includes data for serv ices in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.2 Includes data for real estate and serv ices in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. A L ess than 2. 5 percent.* Transportation (excluding ra ilroads), com munication, and other public utilities.** Finance, insurance, and real estate.

Table B-4: Scheduled Weekly Hours

PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERSl EMPLOYED IN I PERCEN T OF PLAN T WORKERS EMPLOYED IN

Weekly hours All 2 industries Manufacturing

Public . utilities *

Wholesaletrade Retail t . ide Finance * * Services J All 3 industries Manufacturing Public ^ utilities * Wholesaletrade Retail trade Services

All w o rk e rs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 100 100 100 100 100 100

i1

100 100 100 100 100

Under 37Vz h o u r s ----------------------------------------------------------------- A A 3 A A A37Vg hours -------------------------------- --------------------------------------------- 14 5 _ 7 7 33 5 7 - 3 _Over 37V2 hours and under 40 h o u r s ---------------------- 11 16 - - 3 18 - - - - _40 hours __________________ _____ ___ ___ 73 76 100 90 87 48 80 84 98 91 67Over 40 and under 44 h o u r s ______________ _____________ A A - - A - 4 - A 3 1644 hours ________ _____________________________________________ A A - - A - A A - - 64 5 hour8 -------------------------------------------------------------- A A - _ - - 4 5 - 3 _4 6 hour8 -------------------------------------------------------------- - _ - _ - - A - - - 44 8 hours -------------------------------------------------------------- - - - _ - - 3 A - - 5Over 4 8 hours _________________________________ A A A

2 Eata relate to women w orkers only. Occupational Wage Survey, M inneapolis-St. Paul, Minn. , N ovem ber 19543 Includes data for serv ices in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

Includes data for real estate and serv ices in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. Bureau of Labor StatisticsA Less than 2 . 5 percent.* Transportation (excluding ra ilroads), com munication, and other public utilities.** Finance, insurance, and real estate.


13

Table B-5: Paid Holiday Provisions1

PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED I N - PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED INItem

All 2 industries Manufacturing Public utilities *Wholesale

trade Retail trade Finance ** Services All 3 industries Manufacturing Public * utilities Wholesaletrade Retail trade Services

All w orkers __ _ _ 100 100 10 0 10 0 100 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0

Number o f paid holidays

W orkers in establishm ents providing paid98 98holiday s __________________________________ , 99 99 10 0 100 100 10 0 97 97 97

_ _ _ A A 1 1 - 471 84 58 48 90 63 77 77 61 57 8617 10 42 43 10 7 1 1 9 26 39 8

8 5 9 - 17 5 10 - - -

W orkers in establishm ents providing no paid4 A " _ 13 A A "

A A _ _ 3 3 A 3 A

P rovision s for holidays occurringon nonwork d a y s 4

With provisions for holidays falling on49 33 69 81 85 68 40Saturday 47 51 81 47

Another day o ff with pay _ __ 32 39 57 32 49 8 30 29 44 31 35Extra day's p a y ______________________________Option o f another day o ff or extra

7 8 24 12 - A 36 50 41 30 5

day's pay _____ ____________________________ A - - 3 - - A - - 6 -P rov ision s differ for various h o lid a y s______ 8 2 - - - 26 A A - - -Other provisions ____________________________

Saturday is a scheduled workday for allA A A A "

1 1w orkers _ ...................... _ A A A 3 A - -No provision (or no pay) for holidays

66 25 15 13 26 47falling on Saturday ____________________________ 51 49 19 48 51Information not available _______________________ A - - 5 " A ~ 3

With provisions for holidays falling on92 97 87 94Sunday .......... - - 95 98 100 85 83 100 88

Another day o ff with pay _______________ ___ 93 94 100 82 83 10 0 85 86 82 94 88Extra day's p a y ______________________________Option o f another day o ff or extra

A A " ~ 3 4 5 A

day's pay ___________ ____________ _________ A - - 3 - - - - - - -P rov ision s differ for various h o lid a y s_____ - - - - - - - - - - -Other provisions __ ________________________

No provisions (or no pay) for holidaysA A

10 17

4 7

1 1 10falling nn Sunday _ ..... _.. 4 A _ - 5Information not available ...... ............... . A _ 5 _ _ A _ - 3 -

With provisions for holidays falling8383

8964

9149

9333

9276

9080

8979

during vacation ______________________________ _Another day o ff with p a y __ ________________

8963

9345

8780

8782

E x tr a d a y 's p a y .. .............. .. 24 47 7 3 A 25 35 57 16 7 AOption o f another day o ff or extra

day's p a y _________________________________ _ A A - 3 - - 7 3 - 3 9P rov ision s differ for various h o lid a y s_____ - - - - - - - - " * O th e r p r o v i s i o n s _ ....

No provisions (or no pay) for holidays13 17 1 1falling during vacation _______________________ 11 7 7 6 4 6 3 9

Information not available _______________________ A 5 A 3

2 Estim ates include only fu ll-day holidays provided annually.Includes data for se rv ices in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.3 Includes data for rea l estate and serv ices in addition to those industry d ivisions shown separately.4 L im ited to provisions in establishments having a form al policy applying when holidays occur on nonwork days; some of the estim ates would be slightly higher if practices determ ined informally

as the situation occu rs w ere included.A L ess than 2 .5 percent. Occupational Wage Survey, M inneapolis-St. Paul, M inn., November 1954* Transportation (excluding ra ilroads), communication, and other public utilities . u . S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR* * Finance, insurance, and real estate. Bureau o f Labor Statistics


14

Table B-6 Paid Vacations

Vacation policy

PERCENT OP OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN

Allindustries * Manufacturing Public utilities *

Wholesaletrade Retail trade Finance** ServicesAll ,

industries2 Manufacturing Public utilities *Wholesaletrade Retail trade

All w orkers ___ __________ _____ _______ ________ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

METHOD OF PAYMENT

W orkers in establishm entsproviding paid vacations ____________________ 99 99 100 100 100 100 99 100 100 100 100

Length -of-tim e payment _T ... ._ .... . 99 96 100 100 100 100 93 90 95 100 100Percentage payment __ _ _ A 3 - - - - 5 9 5 - -Other - - - - - ___ __ - - _ - - A A - _ _

W orkers in establishm entsproviding no paid v a c a t io n s _________________ A A - - - A - -

AMOUNT OF VACATION PAY

After 1 year o f service

Less than 1 week ._ _ A A _ _ _ _ A A _1 week _ _ _ _ _ _ ..... 30 22 72 40 72 A 77 84 78 73 61Over 1 but less than 2 weeks , -_____________ A A _ _ _ _ 4 7 _ _ _2 weeks __________________ _______________ _ 69 76 28 60 28 97 17 7 22 27 39Over 2 but less than 3 w e e k s --------------------------- A _ _ _ _ A _ _ _4 weeks and o v e r ____________________________ - - - - - - A - - - -

A fter 2 years o f serv ice

Less than 1 w e e k _______________________________ A A _ _ _ _ A A _ _1 week 9 8 11 17 23 _ 49 61 28 34 27Over 1 but less than 2 weeks , ..-....- - A A _ _ _ _ 8 14 A A A2 weeks _ _ 88 90 89 83 77 98 41 23 70 63 72Over 2 but less than 3 weeks ______________ A _ _ _ _ A _ _ _ _ _4 weeks and o v e r _______________________________ - - - - - - A - - - -

After 3 years o f serv ice

Less than 1 week A A _ _ _ _ A A _ _1 week _ _ A 3 A _ 7 _ 15 22 18 _ 3Over 1 but less than 2 weeks A A - _ _ _ 8 13 A 6 A2 weeks _ . . . . . . T 95 93 98 100 93 98 73 59 80 94 96Over 2 but less than 3 w e e k s ------------------ --------- A _ - _ _ A A A _ _3 weeks __ ___ __ A A _ . . _ A A _ _ _4 weeks and over .... - - - - - - A - - - -

A fter 5 years o f serv ice

l week ... _ ... . . A A _ _ A _ A A _ _ AOver 1 but less than 2 weeks ________________ A A _ _ _ _ A 3 _ _ _2 weeks __ 89 87 100 100 98 83 89 84 100 100 92Over 2 but less than 3 weeks 6 A _ _ _ 17 A 4 _ _3 weeks __ _ .....,___ rTn.r 4 10 . _ A _ 6 7 _ _ 74 weeks and over A

' '

See footnotes at end o f table.* Transportation (excluding ra ilroads), com munication, and other public utilities, ** Finance, insurance, and real estate.

Occupational Wage Survey, M inneapolis-St. Paul, M in n ., N ovember 1954U .S . DEPARTMENT OF LA B O R


NOTE: In the tabulations o f vacation allow ances by years o f se rv ice , payments other than "length o f tim e", such as percentage o f annual earnings o r flat-sum payments, w ere converted to an equivalent time basis ; for exam ple, a payment o f 2 percent o f annual earnings was considered as 1 w eek 's pay.


Table B-6: Paid Vacations - Continued

Vacation policyPERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN PERCENT OF PLANT W ORKERS EMPLOYED IN

All ,industries * Manufacturing

Public ^ utilities *

Wholesaletrade Retail trade F inance** Services

All 2 industries Manufacturing

Public ^ utilities*

Wholesaletrade Retail trade

A ll w ork ers _ _ __ __ ___________ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

AMOUNT OF VACATION PAY - Continued

After 10 years o f service

L ess than 2 w e e k s _____________________________ A A _ _ A _ A A _ _ A2 weeks r _ 66 51 59 83 81 72 67 59 65 83 81O ver 2 but le ss than 3 weeks _________________ 5 4 _ _ - 12 4 7 A _ _3 weeks _______________ ________________________ 29 44 41 17 19 16 27 32 34 17 184 weeks and over _______ _____ _________________ - - - - - " A " - - -

A fter 15 years o f service

L ess than 2 w e e k s _____________________________ A A _ _ A _ A A _ _ A2 weeks _ _ 19 23 6 21 29 9 29 20 4 18 53O ver 2 but le ss than 3 weeks _ _ A _ _ _ - A A A - - _3 w eeks ------ ------ 80 75 94 79 71 88 68 75 96 82 46O ver 3 but less than 4 w e e k s _________________ _ _ _ _ - _ A A _ _ _4 w eeks and over _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ A - - - - A - - - -

A fter 20 years o f service

L ess than 2 weeks ------------- ----------------------- A A _ _ _ _ A A _ _ A2 w e e k s ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _____ 17 22 6 21 29 7 27 18 4 18 53Over 2 but le ss than 3 weeks ___________ ._____ r A _ _ _ . A A A _ _ _3 w eeks ,, 75 76 94 73 71 73 69 77 96 82 45Over 3 but le ss than 4 weeks __________________ _ _ _ _ _ _ A A _ _ _4 weeks and over __ _ _ _ _ _____ 6 A - 6 A 18 A A - - A

After 25 years o f service

L ess than 2 w e e k s _______ __________ ___________ A A _ _ A _ A A _ _ A2 weeks ' 17 22 6 21 28 7 26 16 4 18 51O ver 2 but less than 3 weeks _ _ A _ _ _ _ A A A _ _ _3 weeks _ .... ... . 61 65 94 57 39 57 61 69 96 71 33O ver 3 but less than 4 weeks _ _ _ _ _ _ A A _ _ _4 weeks and over 20 11 22 33 34 10

11 15

Includes data for serv ices in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.Includes data for rea l estate and serv ices in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.

A L ess than 2 .5 percent.* Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities.** Finance, insurance, and real estate.


16

APPENDIX: JOB DESCRIPTIONS

The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau*s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau*s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau's field representatives are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers.

Of f i c e

BILLER, MACHINEPrepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other

than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type of machine, as follows:

Biller, machine (billing machine) - Uses a special billing machine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc. , which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and invoices from customers' purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memoranda, etc. Usually involves application of predetermined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing machine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine.

Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine) - Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc. , which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers' bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally involves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers' ledger record. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips.

BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOROperates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott

Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions.

BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR - ContinuedClass A - Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of

&nd experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand.

Class B - Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic bookkeeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers'accounts friot including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, inventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department.

CLERK, ACCOUNTINGClass A - Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account

ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a complete set of books or records relating to one phase of.*an establishment's business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper accounting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting, and closing journal entries; may direct class B accounting clerks.

Class B - Under supervision, performs one or more routine accounting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers, accounts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers.


CLERK, FILEClass A - Responsible for maintaining an established filing

system ^ Classifies and indexes correspondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or supervise others in filing and locating material in the files. May perform incidental clerical duties.

Class B - Performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been classified, or locates or assists in locating material in the files. May perform incidental clerical duties.

CLERK, ORDERReceives customers* orders for material or merchandise by

mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination of the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheetlisting the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders.

CLERK, PAYROLLComputes wages of company employees and enters the neces

sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers*earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker*s name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out pay checks and assist paymaster in making up and distributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine.

COMPTOMETER OPERATORPrimary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathe

matical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statistical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comptometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties.

DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO)Under general supervision and with no supervisory respon

sibilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwriting matter, using a mimeograph or ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material.Digitized for FRASER

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

17

KEY-PUNCH OPERATOR

Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsibilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical key-punch machine, following written information on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating device attached to machine. Keeps files of punch cards. May verify own work or work of others.OFFICE BOY OR GIRL

Performs various routine duties such as running errands, operating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerical work.SECRETARY

Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appointments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering and making phone calls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memoranda for information of superior.STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL

Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcrib ing-machine work (see transcribing-machine operator).STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL

Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work.SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR

Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. May record toll calls and take messages. May give information to persons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operator- receptionist.Digitized for FRASER


18

SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST

In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single position or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker s time while at switchboard.

TAB ULATING-MACHINE OPERATOROperates machine that automatically analyzes and translates

information punched in groups of tabulating cards and prints translated data on forms or accounting records; sets or adjusts machine; does simple wiring of plugboards according to established practice or diagrams; places cards to be tabulated in feed magazine and starts machine. May file cards after they are tabulated. May, in addition, operate auxiliary machines.

TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERALPrimary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal

routine vocabulary from transcribing machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not

P r o fe s s ional

DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR(Assistant draftsman)

Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by draftsman or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman.DRAFTSMAN, LEADER

Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in preparation of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination of the following: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more difficult problems. May assist subordinates during


TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL - Continuedincluded. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general.TYPIST

Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports or sorting and distributing incoming mail.

Class A - Performs one or more of the following: Typingmaterial in final form from very rough and involved draft; copying from plain or corrected copy in which there is a frequent and varied use of technical and unusual words or from foreign- language copy; combining material from several sources, or planning layout of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing; typing tables from rough draft in final form. May type routine form letters, varying details to suit circumstances.

Class B - Performs one or more of the following: Typingfrom relatively clear or typed drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance policies, etc; setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly.

and Tech n ica l

DRAFTSMAN, LEADER - Continuedemergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or administrative nature.DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR

Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination of the following: Preparing working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc., to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying completed work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities; writing specifications; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting.


NURSE, INDUSTRIAL. (REGISTERED)A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured

employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve _a combination of the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured;attending to subsequent dressing of employees injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant

Maintenanc e

CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE

Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most of the following; Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter's handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

ELECTRICIANS, MAINTENANCE

Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, distribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most of the following; Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, layout, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the electrical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of electrician's handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.


19

environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel.TRACER

Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple drawings and do simple lettering.

NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) - Continued

and Powerp l ant

ENGINEER, STATIONARY

Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to supply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigeration, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded.

FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILERFires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which

employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boiler- room equipment.HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE

Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, machine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding materials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is permitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis.


20

MACHINE-TOOL, OPERATOR, TOOLROOM

Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most of the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of precision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence; making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification.

MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE

Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of machinists handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close tolerances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinists work normally requires a rounded training in machine- shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE)

Repairs automobiles, busses, motortrucks, and tractors of an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Examiningautomotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.


MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE

Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Examining machinesand mechanical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replacement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines.

MILLWRIGHTInstalls new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and

installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout are required. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations relating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the millwrights work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

OILERLubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing

surfaces of mechanical equipment of an establishment.

PAINTER, MAINTENANCEPaints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an

establishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surfacepeculiarities and types o i paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.


21

Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipefrom drawings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Workers

rimarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or eating systems are excluded.

PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE

Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation ofvents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumberls snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE

SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCEFabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheet-

metal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Planning

and laying out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; installing sheet-metal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE - Continued

TOOL AND DIE MAKER

(Diemaker; jig maker; toolmaker; fixture maker; gauge maker)

Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures or dies fgr forgings, punching, and other metal-forming work. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of workfrom models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker's handtools and precision measuring instruments; understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heat- treating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allowances; selecting appropriate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker's work requires a rounded training in machine shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this* classification.

Custodia l and Mat er i a l Movement

GUARD

Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity of employees and other persons entering.

JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER(Sweeper; charwoman; janitress)

Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial or other establishment. Duties involve a combinationDigitized for FRASER


22

of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor maintenance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded.LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING

(Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker;stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper)

A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more of the following: Loading and unloading various materials and merchan-dise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelving, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; transporting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded.ORDER FILLER

(Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman)Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from

stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers1 orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders, requisition additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties.PACKER, SHIPPING

Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of item in shipping containers and may involve one or more of the following: Knowledge of various items oi stock in orderto verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded.

JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER - Continued

SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERKPrepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is re

sponsible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and pre-


SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK - Continued

paring records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Verifying or directing others in verifyingthe correctness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper departments; maintaining necessary records and files.

For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows;Receiving clerkShipping clerkShipping and "receiving clerk

TRUCKDRIVERDrives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport

materials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of establishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers* houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded.

For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be ratedon the basis of trailer capacity. )

Truckdriver, light (under l1/2 tons)Truckdriver, medium (l1/* to and "including 4 tons)Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type)Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type)

TRUCKER, POWEROperates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered

truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment.

For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows:

Trucker, power (forklift)Trucker, power (other than forklift)

WATCHMANMakes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property

against fire, theft, and illegal entry.Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

users of BLS data, copies of bulletins may also be purchased fromFor the convenience of the following sales offices:

U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 341 Ninth Avenue New York 1, N. Y.

U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 105 West Adams Street Chicago 3, 111.

U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 630 Sansome Street San Francisco 11, Calif.

Occupational wage surveys are being conducted in 17 major labor markets during late 1954 and early 1955. Bulletins for the following areas are now available and may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C ., or from any of the regional sales offices listed above.

Labor Market Survey Period BLS Bulletin Number Price

Buffalo, N. Y. September 1954 1172-1 25 centsCleveland, Ohio October 1954 1172-2 25 centsDallas, Tex. September 1954 1172-3 20 centsPhiladelphia, Pa. Minneapolis-St. Paul,

November 1954 1172-4 25 cents

Minn. November 1954 1172-5 20 cents


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