bls_1172-7_1955.pdf

SAN FRANCISCO-OAKLAND, CALIF.JANUARY 1955

BLS Bulletin No. 1172-7

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABORJames P. Mitchell, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Aryness Joy Wickens, Acting Commissioner

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Occupational Wage Survey

SAN FRANCISCO-OAKLAND, CALIF.

J a n u a ry 1955

B u l le t in N o . 1172 -7 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

James P. Mitchell, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Aryness Joy Wickens, Acting Commissioner

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Price 20 cents


C O N T E N T S

P a g e

INTRODUCTION _________________________-___________________________________________ 1

TABLES:

A: Occupational earnings * -A - 1 Office occupations ______________________________________________ 3A -2 Professional and technical occupations______________________ 6A - 3 Maintenance and powerplant occupations____________________ 7A -4 Custodial and m aterial movement occupations_____________ 8

B: Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions -B - 1 Shift differential provisions * ________________________________ 10B - 2 Minimum entrance rates for women office w orkers_______ 11B -3 Frequency of wage payment __________________________________ 12B -4 Scheduled weekly h o u r s * ______________________________________ 12B -5 Paid holiday p ro v is io n s *______________________________________ 13B -6 Paid vacations* _________________________________________________ 14

APPENDIX : Job descriptions _____________________________________________________ 16

* NOTE: Sim ilar tabulations (also covering health, insurance,and pension plans) are available in the San Francisco-Oakland area reports for January of each year, since 1950. The 1954 report also provides tabulations of wage structure characteristics, labor-management agreements, and overtime pay provisions. A directory indicating date of study and the price of the reports, as well as reports for other major areas, is available upon request.

A current report on occupational earnings and supplementary wage practices is also available for the machinery industries in the San Francisco-Oakland area (December 1954). Union scales, indicative of prevailing pay levels, are available for the following trades or industries: Building construction, printing, localtransit operating employees, and motortruck drivers.


O C C U P A T I O N A L W A G E S U R V E Y

I n t r o d u c t i o n

The San Franci.sco-Oay.and area is one of severa l im p o r tant industria l centers in which the Bureau of Labor Statistics has conducted surveys of occupational earnings and re lated wage benefits on an areaw ide basis. In each area, data are obtained by personal v is its of Bureau f ie ld agents to representative e s tablishments within 6 broad industry divisions: Manufacturing;transportation (excluding ra ilroads), communication, and other public util it ies ; wholesale trade; re ta i l trade; finance, insurance, and rea l estate; and serv ices . Major industry groups excluded fr o m these studies are government institutions and the construction and ex trac t ive industries. Establishments having few er than a p rescr ib ed number o f workers were also omitted since they furnish insuffic ient employment in the occupations studied to w a r rant inclusion. 1 W herever possible, separate tabulations are prov ided fo r the individual broad industry divisions.

These surveys are conducted on a sample basis because o f the unnecessary cost involved in surveying all establishments, and to ensure prompt publication of results. To obtain appropriate accuracy at minimum cost, a grea ter proportion of la rge than of sm all establishments is studied. In combining the data, however, a ll establishments are given their appropriate weight. Estim ates are presented therefore as relating to a ll estab lishments in the industry grouping and area, but not to those below the m in im um size studied. 2

Occupations and Earnings

Occupational c lassif ication is based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of inter establishment varia t ion in duties within the same job (see Appendix fo r l isting o f these descrip t ions ). Earnings data are presented fo r the f o l lowing types of occupations: (a) Office c le r ica l; (b) professionaland technical; (c) maintenance and powerplant; and (d) custodial and m ater ia l movement.

* This report was prepared in the Bureau's regional o ffice in San F ranc isco , Ca l i f . , by W il l iam P. O'Connor under the d irect ion of John L . Dana, Regional Wage and Industrial R e lations Analyst.

1 See fo llow ing table fo r m in imum -size establishment c o v ered by study.

An exception is made in the tabulation of minimum entrance rates fo r women office workers which re lates to provis ions in establishments actually studied.


S A N F R A N C I S C O - O A K L A N D , C A L I F .

Data are shown for fu l l- t im e w orkers , i. e. those hired to work a fu ll- t im e schedule fo r the given occupational c la s s i f i cation. Earnings data exclude prem ium pay fo r overt im e and fo r work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Nonproduction bonuses are also excluded, but co s t-o f - l iv in g bonuses and incentive earnings are included. Where weekly hours are reported, as for o ff ice c le r ic a l occupations, re fe rence is to the work schedules (rounded to the nearest half-hour) fo r which stra ight-t im e salaries are paid; average weekly earnings fo r these occupations have been rounded to the nearest 50 cents.

Occupational employment estimates r e fe r to the total in all establishments within the scope of the study and not to the number actually surveyed. Because of d i f ferences in occupational structure among establishments, the estimates of occupational employment obtained fr om the sample of establishments studied serve only to indicate the re la t ive importance o f the jobs studied. These d if ferences in occupational structure do not m ater ia l ly affect the accuracy of the earnings data.

Establishment P rac t ic es and Supplementary Wage P rov is ions

Information is also presented on se lected establishment practices and supplementary benefits as they re late to o ffice and plant w orkers . The term , " o f f ic e w o rk e rs " , as used in this bulletin includes all o ff ice c le r ica l employees and excludes adm in is tra t ive , executive, profess iona l, and technical personnel. "P lan t w ork e rs " include working fo rem en and all nonsupervisory workers (including leadmen and trainees) engaged in nonoffice functions. Adm in is tra t ive , executive, profess iona l, and technical em ployees, and fo rce account construction employees who are utilized as a separate work fo rce are excluded. C a fe te r ia workers and routemen are excluded in manufacturing industries but are included as plant w orkers in nonmanufacturing industries.

Shift-d if feren tia l data are l im ited to manufacturing industries. This in formation is presented both in terms of (a) establishment p o l i c y 3 and (b) e ffec t ive prov is ions fo r workers

3 An establishment was considered as having a policy if it met e ither of the fo llow ing conditions: ( l ) Operated late shiftsat the time of the survey, or (2) had fo rm al provisions covering late shifts.

(1)


2actually employed on extra shifts at the time of the survey. Tabulations relating to establishment policy are presented in terms of total plant worker employment; estimates in the second tabulation relate only to those workers actually employed on the specified shift.

Supplementary practices, other than minimum entrance rates for women office workers, and shift differentials, are treated statistically on the basis that these are provided to all workers employed in offices or plant departments that observe the practice in question.4 Because of varying elig ib il ity re -

4 Scheduled weekly hours for o ffice workers ( f irs t section of table B-4) are presented in terms of the proportion of women office workers employed in offices with the indicated weekly hours for women workers.

quirements, the proportion actually rece iv ing the specific benefits may be sm aller. Moreover, a practice was considered as applicable to all office or plant workers in an establishment if it applied to a majority of such workers. Because of rounding, sums of individual items in these tabulations do not necessar i ly equal totals.

.The summary of vacation plans is l im ited to formal arrangements, excluding informal plans whereby time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the em ployer or the supervisor. Separate estimates are provided according to employer practice in computing vacation payments, such as time payments, percent of annual earnings, or f lat-sum amounts. However, in the tabulations of vacation allowances by years of serv ice , payments not on a time basis were converted; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as the equivalent of 1 week*s pay.

Establishm ents and W orkers Within Scope of Survey and Num ber Studied in San Francisco-Oakland, C a lif.,1 by M ajor Industry D ivision, January 1955

Minimum size Num ber of establishments W orkers in establishm ents

Industry division establishment in scope of Within scope of study

StudiedWithin scope of study Studied

study 1 2 Total 3 4 5 Office Plant Total 3

A ll divisions ........ ....... _ .. .......... 1148 248 317,200 82,200 176,200 162,340

Manufacturing 101 358 81 127,500 22,900 86,900 59,200Nonmanufacturing _________________________________________________

Transportation (excluding ra ilroad s ),- 790 167 189,700 59,300 89,300 103,140

communication, and other public u tilitie s4 _____________ 101 69 28 55,600 8,800 29,800 46,040Wholesale trade ... . ........... 51 2 52 34 32,900 11,800 12,300 6,740Retail trade . 101 129 48 42,400 6,100 31,200 26,230Finance, insurance, and rea l estate . . ... 51 175 33 37,300 28,900 5 1,900 17,290Services 6 51 165 24 21,500 (7 ) C) 6,840

1 San Francisco -O ak land Metropolitan A rea (A lam eda, Contra Costa, M arin , San F rancisco, San Mateo, and Solano Counties). The "w orkers within scope of study" estim ates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The estim ates are not intended, however, to serve as a basis of com parison with other area employment indices to m easure employment trends or levels since ( l ) planning of wage surveys requ ires the use of establishm ent data com piled considerably in advance of the pay period studied, and (2) sm all establishments are excluded from the scope of the survey.

Includes a ll establishments with total employment at or above the minimum size limitation. A ll outlets (within the area ) of companies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair serv ice , and m otion-picture theaters are considered as one establishm ent.

3 Includes executive, technical, professional and other w orkers excluded from the separate office and plant categories.4 A lso excludes taxicabs, and services incidental to water transportation included in earlie r studies.5 Estimate relates to rea l estate establishm ents only.

Hotels; personal serv ices; business serv ices; automobile repair shops; rad io broadcasting and television; motion pictures; nonprofit m em bersh ip organizations; and engineering and architectural serv ices.

This industry division is represented in estim ates for "a ll industries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the Series A and B tables, although coverage was insufficient to justify separate presentation of data.


A: Occupational Earnings

3

Table A-l: Offipe O ccupations(A verage stra ight-tim e weekly hours and earnings 1 fo r selected occupations studied on an area basis

in San Francisco-O akland, C a lif. , by industry d ivis ion , January 1955)

Average N U M B E R OF W O R K E R S R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E W E E K L Y E A R N IN G S OF

Sex, occupation, and industry divisionNumber

ofworkers

Weeklyhours

(Standard)

Weeklyearnings

(Standard)

lender

4 0 . 0 0

90. 00

95. 00

$

95. 00

100. 00

$100.00

105.00

s105.00

andover

Women - Continued

Tabulating-machine operators _ __ ----- 386 39. 5*P70. 00 _ _ _ _ 1 _ 1 6 28 35 68 42 64 25 15 29 27 35 10 _ _ _

Manufacturing _____________________ 120 40. 0 69. 50 - - - - - - - - 14 16 34 1 9 14 7 6 3 6 10 - - -Nonmanufacturing _____________________ 266 39. 0 70. 00 - - - - 1 - 1 6 14 19 34 41 55 11 8 23 24 29 - - - -

Public utilities * ___________________ 77 40. 0 77. 50 - - - - 1 - 1 - - 1 6 2 5 2 3 13 14 29 - - - -Finance * * ____________________________________ 141 38. 5 66. 50 - - - - - - - 6 14 18 14 27 42 6 3 2 9 - - -

Transcribing-machine operators,general ___________________________ _____ ___________ 828 39. 0 61. 00 - - 3 10 19 57 -5 101 157 106 131 85 51 16 15 8 2 5 1 1 _ 5

Manufacturing _________________________ 257 39. 5 63. 50 - - - - - 9 1 20 38 34 67 29 25 13 12 8 1 - - - - -Nonmanufacturing _ __ ----------------- __ 571 38. 5 59. 50 - - 3 10 19 48 54 81 119 72 64 56 26 3 3 - 1 5 1 1 - 5

Wholesale trade ____ _ __________ 155 39. 0 61. 50 - - - - - - 17 28 26 8 28 42 - - 3 - - 3 - - _ _Finance ** _________________________ 381 38. 5 59. 00 - 3 9 19 46 35 51 82 56 36 10 21 3 - - 1 2 1 1 - 5

Typists, class A ___________ ____________ 1, 819 39. 0 60. 00 _ _ 20 56 88 112 217 204 206 268 219 149 119 52 35 72 2 _ _ _ _ _Manufacturing _ _ __ _. _ __ _________ 458 39. 5 64. 50 - - - - - 3 20 30 35 10 82 86 46 30 24 32 - - _ - _ -Nonmanufacturing--------------------- ----- 1, 361 39. 0 58. 50 - - 20 56 88 109 197 174 171 198 137 63 73 22 11 40 2 - - - - -

Public utilities* _______ ___________ 1 6 8 40. 0 64. 50 - - - _ 2 13 10 20 25 15 10 5 17 6 8 36 1 _ _ _ _ -Wholesale trade ___________ _____ 185 40. 0 61. 50 _ _ _ - _ _ - 40 30 35 42 22 14 - 2 - _ _ - _ - -Finance** ______ _ _ _ ______ 934 39. 0 56. 50 - - 20 56 86 89 170 108 108 134 82 25 37 16 1 2 - - - " -

Typists, class B _________________________ 2, 771 39. 0 52. 00 18 93 171 392 481 442 420 292 167 111 45 25 63 50 _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _Manufacturing_____ _ __ ______________ 508 39. 5 57. 00 - - 2 33 40 65 95 64 62 45 27 10 21 43 - 1 - - - - - -Nonmanufacturing _____________________ 2, 263 39. 0 51.00 18 93 169 359 441 377 325 228 105 66 18 15 42 7 - - - - - - - -

Public utilities* __________________ 118 39. 5 53. 00 1 - 1 7 25 19 30 18 5 6 6 - - - - - - - - - - -Wholesale trade_______ ___ __ 403 40. 0 54. 00 - - - 34 49 76 86 71 32 41 8 2 4 - - - - - - - - -Retail trade --------- ---------------------- 112 39. 5 54. 00 - - - 8 10 30 29 9 17 5 2 - 2 - - - - - - - - -Finance** __________________________ 1,466 38. 5 49. 00 17 93 168 306 269 232 178 130 48 11 2 2 3 7 " " "

1 Hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regu lar straight-tim e sa la ries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours.2 W orkers were distributed as follows: 63 at $ 32. 50 to $ 35; 42 at $ 35 to $ 37.50; 52 at $ 37.50 to $40.* Transportation (excluding ra ilroads), communication, and other public utilities.* * Finance, insurance, and rea l estate.

Table A-2: Professional and Technical Occupations

(Average straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings 1 for selected occupations studied on an area basis in San Francisco-O akland, Ca lif. , by industry division, January 1955

Sex, occupation, and industry divisonNumber

ofworkers

A verage NUM BER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARN INGS OF -

Weekly | hours

(Standard) |

WeeklyearningB

(Standard)

$47. 50

and under 50. 00

$50. 00

52. 50

$52. 50

55. 00

$55. 00

57. 50

$57. 50

60. 00

$60. 00

62. 50

$62. 50

65. 00

$65. 00

67. 50

$67. 50

70. 00

S70. 00

72. 50

$72. 50

75. 00

$75. 00

80. 00

$80. 00

85. 00

s85. 00

90. 00

$90. 00

95. 00

t

95. 00

100.00

$100.00

105.00

$

105.00

n o . oo

$

L10. 00

115. 00

S

115. 00

120.00

$120.00

125.00

$125. 00

and oyer

Men

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Bureau of Labor statistics

Washington 25, D. C.

occupational wage survey, jGGaKLhaB CaLU* UaNBaRx 195s

(ELS Bulletin No. 1172-7)

E R R A T A

Correct distributions of tool and die makers according to average hourly earnings in Table A-3, Page 7, are as follows:

Number of workers receiving straight-time

Occupation and industry j division |

Number f ;

[workers

Average hourly

earnings$2.35

andunder

$2.40 ;xx j v

j $2.45

| -

: $2.50 i * 60 ;i1

1 32.70 .1 5i !i ~~ i|

,2.80 j

i 2.40 'f 2.45 ii 2.50 2.60 2.70 ! 2.30 i 2,90i

Tool and die m akers........... . ![' 791 32.65 2

i

2 281

i 1 'i i

455 !! _32_. j 18Manufacturing ........... ........ . ! 791 2.65 2 2 281 ' 455 33 j

i_________ l

! 18

Issued April, 1955 LS55-29/+7


7Table A-3: Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations

(Average hourly earnings 1 for men in selected occupations studied on an area basis in San Francisco-Oakland, Calif. , by industry division, January 1955)

Occupation and industry divisionNumber

ofworkers

Averagehourly

earnings

NU M BE R OF W ORKERS RECEIVIN G STRAIGH T-TIM E H OURLY EAR NINGS OF

Ihder$1.60

$1.60and

under1.65

$1.65

1.70

$1.70

1.75

81.75

1.80

$1.80

1.85

81.85

1.90

$1.90

1.95

$1.95

2.00

$2.00

2.05

$2.05

2.10

$2. 10

2.15

$2. 15

2.20

$2.20

2.25

$2.25

2.30

$2.30

2.35

$2.35

2.40

$2.40

2.45

$2.45

2.50

$2.50

2.60

$2.60

2.70

$2.70

2.80

$2.80

2.90

$2.90

3.00

$3.00

3. 10

$3. 10 and over

Carpenters, maintenance 443$2.48 2 13 22 6 9 8 28 9 37 102 5 7 29 22 120 9 7 8

Manufactur ing _ 253 2.41 - - - - - - - - - 10 2 6 4 27 3 24 95 4 - 24 20 34 - - - -Nonmanufacturing _______ ______________ 190 2.57 - - - - - - 2 - 13 12 4 3 4 1 6 13 7 1 7 5 2 86 - 9 7 8

Public utilities* 39 2.32 - - - - - - - - - - 2 3 4 - 6 13 2 4 4 1 - - - - -

Electricians, maintenance 713 2.40 _ _ 3 _ 2 14 2 11 14 70 31 57 255 121 41 28 16 _ _ 12 35 1Manufacturing 549 2.41 - - - - - - - - - 10 1 - 4 70 29 51 251 8 41 22 16 - - 12 33 1

Engineers, stationary ___________________ 496 2.28 18 1 56 14 34 33 48 26 38 88 8 34 14 14 19 44 7 .Manufacturing ___ ________ _____ ___ 184 2.43 - _ - - - - - - - - 11 1 - 24 11 46 7 19 8 8 - 44 5 - - -Nonmanufacturing 312 2. 19 - - - - - - 18 1 56 14 23 32 48 2 27 42 1 15 6 6 19 - 2 - - -

Retail trade _ . ir_ . 78 2.30 - - - - - - - - - 1 11 6 . 1 2 2 31 1 13 6 1 1 2 - - -

Firemen, stationary boiler _ _ _ ___ 146 2.09 1 20 3 3 23 9 _ 6 9 43 _ 6 15 _ _ _ _ 2 6 _ _ _ _Manufacturing ___________________________ 113 2. 14 - - - - - 3 3 20 9 - 6 9 42 - 5 8 - - - - 2 6 - - - -

Helpers, trades, maintenance 1.259 1.99 3 4 11 9 116 37 122 41 15 783 39 48 14 6 1 1 _ 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Manufacturing __________________________ 1,050 2.01 - - 8 5 92 13 12 41 3 783 21 48 14 - 1 - - 9 - - - - - - - -

Machine-tool operator's, toolroom 184 2.33 4 _ _ . 15 _ 152 6 _ 5 1 _ _ 1 _ . _Manufacturing ___ _____________________ 179 2.32 - - - - - - - - - 4 - - - 15 - 152 6 - - 1 - - 1 - - -

Machinists, maintenance 1.356 2.40 _ _ _ _ . 1 1 _ 10 36 15 442 465 180 12 79 18 76 16 1 4 _M anufacturing____ __ ____________ ___ 1,265 2.40 - - - - - - - - - 1 - 10 36 10 442 385 179 9 78 18 76 16 1 4 -

Mechanics, automotive (maintenance) 904 2.45 2 2 13 3 32 56 40 238 108 379 26 _ 5 _ . _Manufacturing 100 2.44 - - - - - - - - - - 2 - - 2 19 - 27 - 16 16 18 - - - - -Nonmanufacturing____ ____________ ______ 804 2.45 - - - - - - - - - - - 2 13 1 13 56 13 238 92 363 8 - 5 - - -

Public utilities* _____________________________ 651 2.45 - - - - - - - - - - " 2 3 1 7 56 1 229 34 310 8 - - - - -

Mechanics, maintenance 887 2.31 _ 16 3 52 10 52 40 197 32 237 99 12 20 64 4 2 46 1 _ _Manufacturing 790 2.31 - - _ -

| :- - 16 3 52 10 44 34 175 30 220 59 12 20 64 4 - 46 1 - -

Nonm anufacturing_______________________ 97 2.31 - - - - - - - - - - - 8 6 22 2 17 40 - ~ 2 ~ "

Millwrights . ... _ .... . ... _ ........ 226 2.30 1 3 12 134 29 28 17 . 2 . _ _ .Manufacturing __________________________ 226 2.30 - - - - - - - - - - 1 3 - 12 134 29 28 17 - - - 2 - - - -

Oilers 182 1.95 5 26 24 27 40 32 20 3 . _ _ _ 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _Manufacturing .. ... 136 1.93 - - 5 26 24 27 - 22 4 20 3 - - - - - 5 - - - - - -

Painters, maintenance _______ __ __ ___ 366 2.34 1 46 1 15 26 25 29 8 23 94 4 2 11 _ 76 5 _ . _Manufacturing ____ __________ __ __ __ 184 2.33 - - - - 1 ' ' I - - - 1 - 1 4 25 10 4 3 21 89 4 - 11 - 11 - - - -Nonmanufacturing _ _ 182 2.35 - - - - I _ - - - 46 - 11 1 15 25 5 2 5 - 2 - - 65 5 - - -

Public utilities* 26 2.23 - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 3 13 5 1 - - 2 - - - - - - -

Pipefitters, maintenance ._ 385 2.40 _ _ _ . 1 3 _ 21 9 65 235 10 5 10 7 _ _ _ 4 15Manufacturing 360 2.39 - - - - - - - - - - 1 3 - 21 7 60 221 10 5 10 7 - - - - 15

Sheet-metal workers, maintenance ______ 59 2.39 _ . _ _ _ _ 3 5 4 6 17 3 1 20

Tool and die makers __ _______ __________ 791 2.65 2 2 281 455 33 18Manufacturing __________ ________________ 791 2.65 2 2 281 455 33 18

Occupational Wage Survey, San Francisco-Oakland, Calif. , January 1955U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

Bureau of Labor Statistics

Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities.


Table A-4: Custodial and Mqterial Movement Occupations

(Average hourly earnings 1 for selected occupations 2 studied on an area basis in San Francisco-Oakland, Calif. , by industry division, January 1955)

NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF . . $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ s $ % $ $

Occupation and industry divis ion of hourly Unde 11 1 25 1.30 1.35 1.40 1.45 1.50 1.55 1.60 1.65 1.70 1.75 1.80 1.85 1.90 1.95 2.00 2.05 2 . 10 2. 15 2.20 2.25 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60workers earnings $ and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and

1.25 under1 30 1.35 1.40 1.45 1.50 1.55 1.60 1.65 1.70 1.75 1.80 i 1.85 1.90 1.95 2.00 2.05 2. 10 2 . 15 2.2Q 2,2? 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.M. .Qyjex

Guards ....... . _ _ _ 540$1.72 2 1 b 7 136 15 29 20 34 8 6 88 39 55 61 10 4 11 8

Manufacturing ____ . ______ __ __ __ 295 1.88 - - - - - 3 - - 12 22 - - 79 36 49 61 10 - 4 11 8 - - - - -Nonm anufacturing___ __ _ _ ____ __ 245 1.53 - 2 1 6 7 133 15 29 8 12 8 6 9 3 6 - - - - - - - - - - -

F inance** _ _ ________ __ 93 1.62 - 2 1 6 6 5 10 18 6 10 7 6 9 2 5 - - - - - - - - - - -

Janitors, porters, and cleaners(m en ) _ 4.845 1.64 119 18 258 91 60 164 124 1363 431 674 315 407 326 168 59 195 4 10 41 4 - _ 14 - - -

Manufacturing _ _ , ________ 1,465 1.77 7 _ 6 _ 46 16 145 39 48 302 245 221 117 38 195 - - 36 4 - - - - - -Nonmanufacturing 3,380 1.58 112 18 258 85 60 118 108 1218 392 626 13 162 105 51 21 - 4 10 5 - - - 14 - - -

Public u tilities* 476 1.58 11 15 14 37 26 57 17 37 16 142 5 93 - 2 - - 4 - - - - - - - - -W holesale trade ____________________ 137 1.77 _ - - 3 - - 14 17 6 21 3 - 35 24 - - - - - - - - 14 - - -Retail trade ________________________ 438 1.60 1 2 20 14 18 6 68 24 211 14 2 7 5 14 17 - - 10 5 - - - - - - -F in a n c e ** .................. . ................ , 712 1.58 - 1 - - 4 - 1 688 9 4 3 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Janitors, porters, and cleaners(wom en) _ __ _____ _____ __ __ ______ 648 1.53 21 7 11 43 24 35 254 130 44 22 16 15 5 13 - 3 - 5 - - - - - - - -

Manufacturing 83 1.66 4 - - - V 5 7 8 - 9 15 11 4 11 - 3 - - - - - - - - - -Nonmanufacturing 565 1.51 17 7 11 43 18 30 247 122 44 13 1 4 1 2 - - - 5 - - - - - - - -

Public u tilities* ___________________ 47 1.43 4 4 - 3 5 24 3 - - 3 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Retail trade ______ _____ _________ 68 1.54 12 3 1 - - - 5 - 42 - - - - - - - - 5 - - - - - - - -F inance** _ _ __ 288 1.53 - r - - - 1 188 97 2 - - - - - - - ' - - ~ - - - - -

Laborers , m ateria l handling ____________ 5.627 1.94 _ 2 1 31 31 8 240 112 696 2258 360 527 389 140 32 171 20 _ 609 _ _ -M anufacturing____ __ _____ __ __ __ 2,885 1.92 _ _ _ - - - - 30 12 - 230 63 555 1178 69 172 104 36 - - - - 436 - - -Nonmanufacturing _ _ 2,742 1.96 - - - - - 2 1 1 19 8 10 49 141 1080 291 355 285 104 32 171 20 - 173 - - -

Public u tilitie s* _ ___ 677 2.03 _ _ _ - _ - - 1 7 6 3 23 73 79 - - 178 100 - 147 - - 60 - - -W holesale trade ____________________ 1,552 1.91 _ - - _ - 1 1 - 10 2 7 14 47 929 274 145 20 4 20 8 - - 70 - - -Retail trade ________________________ 511 2.01 - - " - 1 - - 2 - - 12 21 72 17 210 85 - 12 16 20 - 43 - - -

Order fi l le r s _____ __ ________ _________ 1.930 1.93 14 8 36 1 2 41 83 8 114 732 297 126 55 177 54 17 10 _ 155 _ _ _Manufacturing ___ __ _____ __ ____ ~ ^ 5 l r 1.98 _ - _ - 14 - - - - 38 12 1 114 107 58 11 7 3 - - - - 146 - - -Nonmanufacturing __ __ __ _____ __ 1,419 1.91 - - - - - 8 36 1 2 3 71 7 - 625 239 115 48 174 54 17 10 - 9 - - -

Wholesale trade_____________________ 1,230 1.91 _ _ _ - - 3 28 - - - 70 7 - 529 238 89 30 168 54 14 - - - - - -Retail trade 179 1.90 - - - - 5 8 1 2 3 1 - - 95 1 23 18 - 3 10 - 9 - - -

Packers, shipping (men) _____ __ __ 750 1.85 3 ! 3 20 3 _ . 11 _ 8 81 500 36 63 12 8 _ 2 _ _ _ _ _ _Manufacturing _________________________ 396 1.86 _ _ _ - 1---------1 - - - - 9 - 8 75 231 14 46 12 1 - - - - - - - -Nonmanufacturing ______ __ _____ __ 354 1.84 - - - 3 3 20 3 - - 2 - - 6 269 22 17 - 7 - 2 - - - - - -

Wholesale trade ____________________ 277 1.87 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 239 22 9 - 7 - * - - - - - -Retail trade ______ __ __ _____ __ 77 1.73 - - - 3 3 20 3 - - 2 - - 6 30 - 8 - 2 - - - - - -

Packers, shipping (women) ______________ 985 1.47 5 68 354 9 9 199 2 14 _ 295 _ _ _ 30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _Manufacturing 883 1.46 - 63 351 7 - 153 - 14 - 295 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Nonmanufacturing __ _____ __ __ __ 102 1.55 5 5 3 2 9 46 2 - - - - - - 30 - - - - - - - - - - -

Retail trade 72 1.43 5 5 3 2 9 46 2 - - - - - - - - - - - " " - - -

Receiving clerks .................. . _ _ _ 469 1.97 _ 1 _ _ 1 _ 9 _ 40 17 129 129 50 52 16 10 5 2 3 _ l 4Manufacturing . ... 251 1.98 _ - - - - _ - - - - - - 23 13 55 83 32 35 3 - - - 3 - - 4Nonmanufacturing 218 1.97 - - - - - 1 - - 1 - 9 - 17 4 74 46 18 17 13 10 5 2 - - l -

Wholesale trade ............. 133 1.97 _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - 64 45 10 13 - - - - - - l -Retail trade ________________________ 78 1.97 - - - - - - - - 1 - 9 - 16 2 10 7 4 13 9 5 2 - - - -

Shipping clerks 460 2.06 1 _ _ 1 1 ? 53 106 80 27 82 10 22 24 1 8 1 l 33Manufacturing 256 2. 10 - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 39 29 64 17 31 3 18 9 - 5 1 - 33Nonmanufacturing ... .. 204 2.01 - - - - - - 1 - - - 1 1 2 14 77 16 10 51 7 4 15 1 3 - l -

Wholesale trade 161 1.99 14 72 14 10 43 6 1 l

See footnotes at end of table.* Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities.** Finance, insurance, and real estate.

Occupational Wage Survey, San Francisco-Oakland, Calif. , January 1955U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR



9(Average hourly earnings 1 for selected occupations 2 studied on an area basis in San Francisco-Oakland, Calif. , by industry division, January 1955)

Table A-4: Custodial and M ateria l,Movement Occupations - Continued

Occupation and industry d iv is ionNumber

ofworkers

Averagehourly

earnings

NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF

Under$1.25

$1.25and

under1.30

$1. 30

1.35

$1.35

1.40

$1.40

1.45

$1.45

1.50

$1.50

1.55

$1.55

1.60

$1.60

1.65

$1.65

1.70

s1.70

1.75

$1.75

1.80

S1.80

1.85

$1.85

1.90

*1.90

1.95

$1.95

2.00

*2.00

2.05

*2.05

2. 10

$2. 10

2.15

*2. 15

2.20

\ . 2 0

2.25

*2.25

2.30

^.30

2.40

^ .40

2.50

$2.50

2.60

\ . 60 and

over

Shipping and rece iv in g c lerks _ 603$2.09 2 8 2 5 14 147 70 13 88 21 80 35 14 70 34

Manufacturing ........... _ _ 271 2.04 - - - - - - - - - - - 3 - 7 107 45 8 30 3 6 21 _ 7 34 _ _Nonmanufacturing 332 2. 12 - - - - - - - 2 - 8 2 2 - 7 40 25 5 58 18 74 14 14 63 - - _

W holesale trade .. ____ _ . 222 2.19 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20 3 _ 58 - 57 14 14 56 _ _ _R eta il trade _ .... ___ _ 94 2.00 - * " - - - - - 8 2 2 - 4 20 20 4 - 10 17 - - 7 - - -

T ru ck d rivers , light (under 1V2 t o n s )____ 578 2.15 16 16 5 4 42 44 52 118 129 21 1 1 30 94 5Manufacturing 199 2.31 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 - 15 18 44 8 15 - 1 - - 94 _Nonmanufacturing 379 2.07 - - - - - - - - - - 16 16 5 - 42 29 34 74 121 6 - - 1 30 - 5

Public u t ilit ie s * _ .. _ .... 144 2.02 - - - - - - - - - - 2 4 - - 40 1 23 60 14 - - _ _ _ _ _W holesale trade _ _ 112 2.09 - - - - " - - - 14 - - " 2 28 6 6 28 - - - - 28 - -

T ru ck d riv ers , medium ( 1V2 to andincluding 4 tons) ____ _ 1.879 2.19 _ _ 4 5 _ 2 4 _ 5 _ 1 _ 2 19 2 18 144 108 533 408 79 251 9 149 117 19

Manufacturing _. ___ _ . . _ 374 2.29 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 3 28 31 116 - 37 32 4 - 117 4Nonmanufacturing _ . . . . . . . . 1,505 2.17 - - 4 5 - 2 4 - 5 - 1 - 2 19 - 15 116 77 417 408 42 219 5 149 - 15

Public u tilit ie s * 916 2.13 _ _ 4 5 _ 2 4 - 5 _ 1 - 2 5 - - 68 60 348 256 _ 156 _ _ _ _W holesale trade _____________________ 291 2.13 - - - - _ - - _ - - - - - 14 - 15 48 17 63 36 42 56 - - _ -R eta il trade _________________________ 298 2.32 - - - - - - - - - " - - - " - - - 6 116 - 7 5 149 - 15

T ru ck d riv ers , heavy (o ve r 4 tons,i

tra ile r type ) _______________________________ 845 2.29 - _ _ - _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - 11 - _ 20 84 409 274 47 - -Manufacturing 118 2.23 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11 - - - 43 45 13 6 - -Nonmanufacturing ______________________ 727 2.30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20 41 364 261 41 - -

Public u t ilitie s * 542 2.31 - - - - - - - - " - " " - 20 - 268 254 - - -

T ru ck d riv ers , heavy (o ve r 4 tons,other than tra ile r t y p e )__________ _______ 711 2.21 _ _ _ _ j 2 2 _ 3 _ _ 3 _ 4 _ _ _ 215 44 81 252 101 4 _ _

Manufacturing 154 2.19 - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 77 12 37 8 16 4 - -Nonmanufacturing ______________________ 557 2.21 - - - - - 2 2 - 3 - - - 3 - 4 - - - 138 32 44 244 85 - - -

Public u tilit ie s * _____________________ 263 2.23 - _ - - - 2 2 - 3 - - - 3 - 4 - - - 12 20 - 180 37 - - -W holesale trade . . 292 2.20 " - -

I" - - - - - - - - 126 12 44 62 48 - - -

T ruckers , power (fo rk lif t ) _______________ 1.044 2.0411 . 20 17 270 359 91 25 5 22 27 90 116 2

Manufacturing _ _ 794 2.02 - - - - - - - - - 20 - - 17 214 294 84 15 - 22 24 102 2 - -Nonmanufacturing 250 2.09 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 56 65 7 10 5 - 3 90 14 - - -

Public u t ilit ie s 3 * _ 130 2.15 - - - - ! - - - - - - - - - 40 - - - - - - 90 - - - -W holesale trade .. ... 86 2.03 - " - - - ~ - - - - - 14 50 5 ' - 3 - 14 - - -

Truckers , power (other than f o r k l i f t ) ___ 243 1.95 12 11 4 18 2 30 48 48 18 7 34 11Manufacturing ___ 198 1.99 - - - - - - - - - - - 18 2 20 48 48 18 7 - - - 26 11 - - -

Watchmen _______________________ __________ 619 1.62 27 1 16 13 54 3 34 172 31 40 29 63 71 28 23 7 1 4 2M anu factu ring_________ ______________ 288 1.68 7 - 8 - 47 3 - 13 12 39 27 37 56 14 21 - - 4 - - - - - - - -Nonmanufacturing _____________________ 331 1.58 20 1 8 13 7 - 34 159 19 1 2 26 15 14 2 7 1 - - 2 - - - - - -

W holesale trade 57 1.65 9 14 15 1 12 2 1 1 2

1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.2 Data limited to men workers except where otherwise indicated.3 Estimates differ substantially from those in previous studies, due to the exclusion of services incidental to transportation from the scope of the areawide studies (see scope table, page 2, footnote 4). * Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities.* * Finance, insurance, and real estate.


10

B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions

Table B-l: Shift Differential P rovisions 1

Shift d iffe ren tia l

P ercen t of manufacturing plant w o rk ers

(a)In establishments having fo rm a l provisions fo r

(b)A ctu a lly w ork ing on

Second shift work

Third or other shift work Second shift

Th ird or other shift

Tota l _________________________________________________ 89. 6 88. 6 15. 0 5. 3

With shift pay d iffe ren tia l ________________________ 89. 6 88. 6 15. 0 5. 3

U niform cents (per hour) _____________________ 40. 3 33. 3 8. 7 4. 5

4 cents _______________________________________ 1. 5 - . 4 _5 cents _______________________________________ 6.9 1.0 1. 0 . 16 cents _______________________________________ 15. 1 2.4 2.9 . 67 cents _______________________________________ 1. 0 - - -8 cents _______________________________________ 1. 6 - . 1 -9 cents _______________________________________ - 5. 6 - 1. 010 cents ______________________________________ 7. 7 6. 7 2. 0 . 512 cents ______________________________________ - 8.6 - 1. 212 y 2 cents ----------------- -------------------------- - 1.9 - -13, 13 V3 , 13 y a c e n ts ---------------------------- 5. 5 . 5 2. 0 -14 cents ______________________________________ - 1. 0 - A15 cents ______________________________________ 1. 1 3. 5 . 4 . 223 or 25 cents _______________________________ - 2. 1 - . 8

U n iform percentage ___________________________ 20. 0 20. 0 2. 4 A

5 percent ____________________________________ 6. 2 - . 1 -7 l /z p e r c e n t__________________________________ - 4. 5 - -10 percent ___________________________________ 13. 8 3. 6 2.3 -1 5 p e r c e n t___________________________________ - 12. 0 - A

Fu ll day 's pay fo r reduced h ours____________ 2. 3 1. 3 .2 -Othe r 2 ___________________________________________ 26.9 33. 9 3. 6 . 8

No shift pay d if fe r e n t ia l__________________________ - - - -

1 Shift d iffe ren tia l data are presented in term s o f (a) establishm ent policy, and (b) w ork ers actually em ployed on late shifts at the tim e o f the survey. An establishm ent was considered as having a policy i f it m et e ith er o f the fo llow in g cond itions: ( l ) O perated late shifts at the tim e of the survey, or (2) had form al provis ions coverin g late sh ifts.

2 Includes such com bination plans as a cen ts-per-h ou r or percentage d ifferen tia l plus a paid lunch period ; fu ll day 's pay fo r reduced hours plus a flat sum; and fu ll day's pay fo r reduced hours plus a cen ts-per-h ou r o r percentage d iffe ren tia l.

A L ess than 0. 05 percent.

Occupational Wage Survey, San F ran cisco -O ak land C a lif. , January 1955U.S. D E P A R T M E N T OF LA B O R

Bureau o f Labor S ta tistics


11

Table B-2* M in im um Entrance Rates for W o m e n O ffice W o rk e r s 1

Num ber of establishments with specified m inimum hiring rate in Num ber of establishm ents with specified minimum hiring rate in

Minim um rate (weekly sa la ry )

Manufacturing Nonm anufacturing Manufacturing N onmanufac tur ing

A ll Based on standard weekly hours 2 of A ll Based on standard weekly hours 2 of

industriesA ll

schedules 40A ll

schedules 37V2 383/4 40

industriesA ll

schedules 40A ll

schedules 37 lh 383/. 40

Establishm ents studied __ __________ 248 81 XXX 167 X X X X X X XX X 248 81 X X X 167 XX X XXX X X X

F OR INE X PE R IE N C E D T YPISTS FO R OTHE R INE XPE :r i e n c e d c :LE R IC A L WORKERS

Establishm ents having a specifiedm inim um _____________________________ 115 46 39 69 7 8 46 126 48 40 78 9 8 51

$30. 00 and under $32. 50 _______ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ 1 _ 1 _$32. 50 and under $35. 00 _______ 1 - - 1 - 1 - 1 - - 1 - 1 -$3 5. 00 and under $37. 50 _______ 1 - - 1 - - 1 2 - - 2 1 - 1$37. 50 and under $40. 00 _______ 1 - - 1 - - - 5 1 1 4 1 - -$40. 00 and under $42. 50 _______ 13 2 1 11 4 1 3 13 2 1 11 3 2 4$42. 50 and under $45. 00 _______ 15 4 4 11 1 2 6 17 4 4 13 1 1 9$45. 00 and under $47. 50 _______ 20 8 7 12 1 3 8 21 9 7 12 1 2 7$47. 50 and under $50. 00 _______ 13 5 3 8 - - 7 13 6 4 7 - 1 5$ 50. 00 and under $ 52. 50 _______ 15 5 5 10 1 - 8 16 4 4 12 2 - 10$52. 50 and under $55. 00 __________ 14 10 8 4 - 1 3 14 10 9 4 - - 4$55. 00 and under $57. 50 _______ 4 3 3 1 - - 1 9 7 6 2 - - 2$ 57. 50 and under $ 60. 00 _______ 8 6 5 2 - - 2 7 2 1 5 - - 5$60. 00 and under $62. 50 __________ 4 1 1 3 - - 3 3 1 1 2 - - 2$62. 50 and under $65. 00 __________ 5 1 1 4 - - 4 3 1 1 2 - - 2$65. 00 and under $67. 50 _______ 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - -$67. 50 and o v e r __________________________ - - - - 1 1 1 - - - -

Establishm ents having nospecified m inim um _________________ 60 14 XXX 46 X X X X X X X X X 63 13 X X X 50 XX X XX X XX X

Establishm ents which did not em ploy w orkers in thiscategory -------- ----------------------------- 71 20 XXX 51 X X X X X X X X X 57 19 XX X 38 X X X XX X XX X

Inform ation not availab le ___________ 2 1 XXX 1 X X X X X X X X X 2 1 X X X 1 X X X XX X XXX

1 Low est sa la ry rate fo rm ally established for hiring inexperienced w orkers for typing or other c le r ic a l jobs.2 Hours reflect the workw eek for which em ployees receive their regu lar straight-tim e sa la r ie s . Data are presented fo r a ll workweeks combined, and for the m ost common workweeks.

Occupational W age Survey, San F rancisco -O ak land, C a lif ., January 1955U. S. D E P A R T M E N T OF LA B O R



12

Table B-3*. Frequency of W a g e Paym ent

Frequency of payment

PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EM PLOYED IN

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------PERCENT OF P L A N T W ORKERS EM PLOYED IN

All 1 industries Manufacturing

Public utilities *

Wholesaletrade Retail trade Finance * * Services

All 2 industries Manufacturing

Publicutilities*

Wholesaletrade Retail trade Services

A ll workers __________________________________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Weekly _______________________________________________ 11 24 7 10 29 A 61 75 28 78 61B iw e e k ly ______________________________________________ 18 A 63 7 15 22 25 20 72 A 11Sem im onthly_________________________________________ 71 74 30 83 56 78 14 5 A 19 28

1 Includes data for serv ices in addition to those industry d ivisions shown separately .2 Includes data fo r rea l estate and serv ices in addition to those industry d ivisions shown separately . A Less than 2. 5 percent.* Transportation (excluding ra ilroad s ), communication, and other public utilities.* * Finance, insurance, and rea l estate.

Table B-4: Schedu led W e e k ly H ours

PERCENT OF OFFICE W ORKER^ EM PLOYED I N - PERC ENT OF P LA N T W ORKERS EM PLOYED IN

Weekly hours A llindustries* M anu factu rin g

Pub lic utilities *

W holesa letrade R etail trade F in a n c e * * Services

AH 3 industries M anu factu rin g

P u b licu tilities*

W h o le sa letrade R eta il trade Services

A l l workers __________________________________________ 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0

35 hours and under -- ----------------------------------------- 3 A 3 A A A A A3 6 V 4 hours ______________________ __________________ 3 A - 8 - 3 A A - - -Over 3 6 V4 and under 3 1 1 2l z hours ________________ A 4 - - - A - - - - -3 7 V 2 hours ----------- ------ ------------------------------------------ 1 0 9 5 8 5 1 4 11 11 A - 1 3Over 3 7 V 2 and under 38V 4 h o u r s _______________ 6 - A - - 1 4 - - - - -383/4 hours ___________________________________________ 1 1 11 7 A - 2 1 A - A - -4 0 hours ______________________________________________ 6 6 7 3 8 3 8 2 9 5 4 5 87 87 95 98 84Over 40 hours _____________________ ________________ A A A 4 3

1 Data relate to women w orkers only. Occupational Wage Survey, San F ran c isco -O ak ian d , C a l i f . , January 19552 Includes data for serv ices in addition to those industry d ivisions shown separately . U .S . D E P A R T M E N T OF LA B O R3 Includes data for rea l estate and serv ices in addition to those industry divisions shown separately . Bureau of L abo r StatisticsA Less than 2. 5 percent.* Transportation (excluding ra ilro ad s ), communication, and other public utilities.* * Finance, insurance, and rea l estate.


13

Table B-5: Paid Holiday Provisionsi

PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN

Item Ailindustries 3 Manufacturing

Public utilities *

Wholesaletrade Retail trade Finabce * * Services

Allindustries 3 Manufacturing

Public utilities *

Wholesaletrade Retail trade

A ll w orkers __ __ _ _____ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Number o f paid holidays i

W orkers in establishments provid ing paidholidays _ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ _ ---- 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 93 100 100 98

2 days __ _____ __ ________ _ A - - - A - 3 - - - 153 d a ys___________ ____ __________ ________ - - - - - - A 3 - - -5 day 8 _ ________________________ ____________ A - - - A - 5 - 3 - A6 days __ _____ ____________________ 12 18 3 A 8 16 13 18 7 3 A7 days ____________ ______ ____ ____ ___ 53 60 25 89 83 32 49 53 27 65 668 days _____________ ____ ---- 17 21 66 7 8 4 25 19 63 32 149 days ................................................................... 3 A - A - 6 A - - - -10 days ... . 3 A 6 - - 7 - - - - -11 days _ _ ____________________________ _ 12 - - - - 34 - - - - -

W orkers in establishments provid ing nopaid holidays __ _ __ __ _____ __ _____ - - - - 5 7 A

Prov is ion s fo r holidays occurringon nonwork days4

With provis ions fo r holidays fa lling onSaturday . ___ 16 38 11 15 21 - 41 58 31 22 21

Another day o ff with pay _ _____ _ _ .. 12 27 5 15 17 - 18 25 6 22 10Extra days pay __ __ ____ _____________ 4 9 6 - 3 - 18 25 24 - 8Option o f another day o ff or extra

day's pay _ __ __ ____ __ __ __ __ ___ A A - - A - 3 5 A - AP rov is ion s d iffe r fo r various h o lid a y s _____ - - - - - - - - - - -Other p ro v is ion s_______________________________ A A - - - - A A - - A

Saturday is a scheduled workday fo r a llw o r k e r s________________ ________________________ 3 - A - 38 - 9 A 4 - 37

No provis ions (or no pay) fo r holidaysfa lling on Saturday _ _____ __ ________ ___ 81 62 89 85 41 100 46 34 65 78 40

With provis ions fo r holidays fa lling onSunday ________ ______________________________ _ 96 92 100 97 99 97 88 91 100 97 83

Another day o ff with p a y _____________________ 96 92 99 97 99 97 84 87 96 97 81Extra day's p a y ________________________________ A - A - - - A A 4 - -Option o f another day o ff or extra

day's pay _ _____________________________ ___ A A - - - - A 3 - - -P rov is ion s d iffe r for various h o lid a y s _____ - - - - - - - - - - -Other p rovisions _ ___ - - - - - - A - - - A

Sunday is a scheduled work day fo r a llw orkers __ - - - - - A A - - -

No provis ions (o r no pay) fo r holidaysfa lling on Sunday . 4 8 3 A 3 6 A 3 15

With provis ions fo r holidays fallingduring vacation __________________________________ 83 88 91 85 95 71 81 83 96 69 89

Anothe r day o ff with pay _____________________ 76 72 91 79 87 71 60 49 94 60 74Extra day's pay 4 12 - A - - 14 25 A 5 AOption of another day o ff or extra

day's p a y__________________________ __________ A 3 - 4 9 - 8 9 - 4 13P rov is ion s d iffe r for various holidays ______ - - - - - - - - - - -Other provis ions _ ______________________ ___ - - - - - - - - - - -

No provis ions (or no pay) fo r holidaysfa llin g during v a c a t io n __________________________ 17 12 9 15 5 29 14 11 4 31 9

Services

Estimates include only full-day holidays provided annually.2 Includes data for services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.3 Includes data for real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.4 Limited to provisions in establishments having a formal policy applying when holidays occur onnonwork days; some of the estimates would be slightly higher if practices determined informally as

the situation occurs were included.A Less than 2.5 percent.* Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities. Occupational Wage Survey, San Francisco-Oakland, Calif., January 1955** Finance, insurance, and real estate. U .S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR



14

Table B-6: Paid V aca tio n s

V aca tion p o lic y

PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN

Allindustries 1 Manufacturing

Publicutilities*

Wholesaletrade Retail trade Finance** Services

Allindustries Manufacturing

Public utilities *

Wholesaletrade Retail trade Services

A l l w o rk e rs __ __ _________ __ _________ __ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

M E T H O D O F P A Y M E N T

W ork ers in es tab lish m en tsp rov id ing paid vaca tion s ________________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

L en g th -o f- t im e p a y m e n t_______ ______________ 99 98 100 100 100 100 89 78 100 100 100P e rcen tag e paym ent ____________ ______________ A A - - - - 11 22 - - -Other _________ ___________________________________

A M O U N T O F V A C A T IO N P A Y

A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e

1 w eek ... _ ..... ... ....... .. 18 8 59 21 66 _ 64 57 64 69 78O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks _. . _ _ - - - - 8 16 - - -2 w eeks ........... ... ... ... ......... _ .... 82 92 39 79 34 100 25 25 21 31 22O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s ________________________ A _ A - - - A - 15 - -3 w eeks _ . _. __ . ... _ .. . .. - - - - - - A A - - -

A fte r 2 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e

I w eek _____________________________ _____________ __ A _ _ _ _ 12 18 4 6 _O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks ______________________ A - 5 - - - 14 26 - A 62 w eeks ___________________________ _________ ____ 99 100 93 100 100 100 68 48 81 94 94O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks A - A - - - A - 15 - -3 w e e k s ___________________ ___ ______________________ __ - - - - - - 4 8 - -


1 w eek .... .. _____ .. . ._ .. .... .. .. .. .... _ _ _ - _ - 6 11 - _ _O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks ._ ._ __ _________ _ - _ - - - - 4 7 - A A2 weeks . ... .......... _ . ........................ .... 97 92 98 100 100 98 83 73 85 99 98O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks .... . .... __ A _ A - - - A - 15 - _3 w eeks ... ....... . .. ........ ...... 3 8 - - A 5 10 -


1 w eek _ ......... ................. . _ _ _ . A .. _ _ _2 w e e k s ............ . .... ....... . 87 92 82 94 94 84 90 90 84 99 92O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks 5 _ A A A 14 3 - 15 A -3 w eeks ... .. _. .. ....... 7 8 16 5 5 A 7 10 A - 84 w eeks and o ve r _________ ___ A

See footnotes at end of table.* Transportation (excluding ra ilro a d s ), communication, and other public u tilities. * * Finance, insurance, and rea l estate.

Occupational Wage Survey, San F ran c isco -O ak lan d , C a l i f . , January 1955U .S . D E P A R T M E N T OF L A B O R


NO TE : In the tabulations of vacation allowances by years of se rv ice , payments other than "length of t im e",such as percentage of annual earnings or fla t-su m payments, were converted to an equivalent time basis ; for exam ple, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as 1 w eek 's pay.Digitized for FRASER

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

15

Table B-6: Paid V aca tion s - Continued

Vacation policy

P E R C E N T OF OFFICE W O R K ER S E M P L O Y E D IN P E R C E N T OF P L A N T W O R K ER S E M P L O Y E D IN

AH iindustries 1 ManufacturingPublic

utilities *Wholesale

trade Retail trade Finance * * ServicesAll 2

industries ManufacturingPublic utilities ^

Wholesaletrade Retail trade

A ll w orkers . . . . . . . 100 100 100 100 100 100 jj ioo 100 100 100 100

A M O U N T OF V A C A T IO N P A Y - Continued

[ - ................

A fter 10 years of service

1 week ....... ....... .................... . A2 weeks .... 77 80 82 90 93 67 86 84 84 90 88Over 2 and under 3 weeks ________ _____ _______ 4 _ A A - 10 3 - 15 A -3 weeks . .. _. _ 19 20 15 8 7 23 11 16 A 9 124 weeks and over _ . A A ~ ~ - A A "


1 week _ A2 weeks 35 26 13 24 41 49 38 39 6 29 49Over 2 and under 3 weeks _________________________ A - A - - 5 A - 15 - -3 weeks _ _____________________________ _________ ___ 63 74 84 76 59 46 59 59 78 7 1 514 weeks and over A ~ A ~ ~ A A A " ~


1 week A2 weeks .. . _ 21 23 13 24 41 13 37 38 6 29 49Over 2 and under 3 weeks A . A _ _ - A - 15 _ _3 weeks . _ _ ....... 76 77 84 76 59 80 60 61 78 71 514 weeks and over ________ 3 A A ~ _ 7 A A A

After 25 years of service

1 week . . . .. _. ___ A2 weeks _ _ 19 22 13 24 41 10 36 38 6 28 46Over 2 and under 3 weeks A _ A _ _ _ A _ 15 _ _3 weeks .... 66 68 80 60 46 68 52 50 78 67 454 weeks and over __ __ ________________ __ ___ 14 10 5 16 13 21 9 13 A 6 9

Includes data fo r s e r v ic e s in addition to those industry d iv is ion s shown sep a ra te ly .Includes data fo r r e a l esta te and s e r v ic e s in addition to those industry d iv is ion s shown sep a ra te ly . L e s s than 2 .5 p ercen t.T ran sp o rta tion (exc lu d in g ra i lr o a d s ), com m unication , and other public u t il it ie s .

* F inance, in su rance, and re a l es ta te .


16

A P P E N D I X : J O B D E S C R I P T I O N S

The p rim ary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureaufs wage su rveys .is to assist its fie ld staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are em ployed under a va rie ty of payro ll titles and d ifferent work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to perm it the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishm ent and in terarea com parability o f occupational content, the Bureaus job descriptions may d iffer s ign ificantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureaus fie ld representatives are instructed to exclude w ork ing supervisors, apprentices, lea rn ers , beginners, tra inees, handicapped w orkers , part-tim e , tem porary, and probationary w orkers.

O f f i c e

B ILLE R , MACHINE

Prepares statements, b ills , and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electrom atic typew riter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other c le r ica l work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, b ille rs , machine, are c lass ified by type of machine, as follows:

B ille r , machine (billing m achine) - Uses a special b illing machine (Moon Hopkins, E llio tt F isher, Burroughs, etc. , which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare b ills and invoices from custom ers1 purchase orders, in ternally prepared orders, shipping memoranda, etc. Usually involves application of predeterm ined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing machine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a la rge number of carbon copies of the b ill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine.

B ille r , machine (bookkeeping machine) - Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, E llio tt F isher, Remington Rand, etc. , which may or may not have typew riter keyboard) to prepare custom ers1 b ills as part of the accounts receivab le operation. Generally involves the simultaneous entry of figures on custom ers ledger record. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertica l columns and computes and usually prints autom atica lly the debit or cred it balances. Does not involve a knowledge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and cred it slips.

BOOKKEEPING-M ACHINE OPERATOR

Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, E llio tt F isher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash R eg is ter, with or w ithout a typew riter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions.

BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR - Continued

Class A - Keeps a set o f records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping princip les and fam ilia r ity with the structure of the particu lar accounting system used. D etermines proper records and distribution of debit and cred it item s to be used in each phase of the work. M ay prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand.

Class B - Keeps a record of one or m ore phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring litt le knowledge o f basic bookkeeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payro ll, customers 1 accounts (not including a sim ple type of b illing described under b ille r , machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of tr ia l balances and prepare control sheets fo r the accounting department.

CLE RK, ACCOUNTING

Class A - Under general d irection of a bookkeeper or accountant, has responsib ility for keeping one or m ore sections of a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase o f an estab lishm ents business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivab le or a c counts payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper-accounting distribution; requ ires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. M ay assist in preparing, adjusting, and closing journal en tries; may d irect class B accounting clerks.

Class B - Under supervision, p erfo rm s one or m ore routine accounting operations such as posting sim ple journal vouchers, accounts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher reg is ters ; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers . This job does not requ ire a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping princip les but is found in o ffices in which the m ore routine accounting w ork is subdivided on a functional basis among severa l w orkers .


C LE R K , F IL E

Class A - Responsible for maintaining an established filing system . C lass ifies and indexes correspondence or other m ateria l; may also file this m ateria l. May keep records of various types in conjunction with file s or supervise others in filing and locating m ateria l in the file s . May perform incidental c le r ica l duties.

Class B - P er fo rm s routine filing, usually of m ateria l that has already been c lass ified , or locates or assists in locating m ate r ia l in the file s . M ay perform incidental c le r ica l duties.

C LE R K , ORDER

R eceives cu stom ers1 orders for m aterial or merchandise by m a il, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination o f the fo llow ing: Quoting p rices to customers; making out an order sheetlisting the item s to make up the order; checking p rices and quantities o f item s on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled . M ay check with credit department to determ ine cred it rating of custom er, acknowledge receipt o f orders from custom ers, fo llow up orders to see that they have been filled , keep file of orders rece ived , and check shipping invoices with original orders .

C LE R K , P A Y R O L L

Computes wages of company employees and enters the necessary data on the payro ll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating w o rk e rs1earnings based on tim e or production records; posting calculated data on payro ll sheet, showing information such as worker*s name, working days, tim e, rate, deductions fo r insurance, and total wages due. May make out pay checks and assist paymaster in making up and d istributing pay envelopes. M ay use a calculating machine.

CO M PTO M ETER O PERATO R

P r im a ry duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathem atical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statistica l or other type of c lerk , which may involve frequent use of a Comptometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to perform ance of other duties.

D U PLIC ATIN G -M AC H IN E OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR D ITTO )

Under genera l supervision and with no supervisory respons ib ilit ies , reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwriting m atter, using a m im eograph or ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as fo r ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not requ ired to prepare stencil or ditto m aster. May keep file o f used stencils or ditto m asters. May sort, collate, and staple com pleted m ateria l.


17

K E Y - P U N C H O P E R A T O R

Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsib ilit ies , records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series o f holes in the cards in a specified sequence, using an alphabetical or a num erical key-punch machine, following written inform ation on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating device attached to machine. Keeps files of punch cards. May v e r ify own work or work o f others.

OFFICE BOY OR G IRL

P erfo rm s various routine duties such as running errands, operating m inor o ffice machines such as sea lers or m a ilers , opening and distributing m ail, and other m inor c le r ica l work.

SECRETARY

P erfo rm s secreta ria l and c le r ica l duties fo r a superior in an adm inistrative or executive position. Duties include making appointments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering and making phone ca lls; handling personal and important or confidential m a il, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcrib ing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by stenotype or sim ilar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memoranda fo r information of superior.

STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL

P r im a ry duty is to take dictation from one or m ore persons, either in shorthand or by stenotype or s im ilar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a typew rite r . M ay also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in o rder, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-m achine work (see transcribing-m achine operator).

STENOGRAPHER, TECH NICAL

P r im a ry duty is to take dictation from one or m ore persons, either in shorthand or by stenotype or s im ilar machine, involving a varied technical or specia lized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typew riter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-m achine work.

SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR

Operates a single- or m ultiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office ca lls . May record to ll calls and take m essages. May give in formation to persons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For w orkers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operator- receptionist.


18

S W I T C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R - R E C E P T I O N I S T

In addition to perform ing duties o f operator, on a single position or m onitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine c le r ica l work as part of regular duties. This typing or c le r ica l work may take the m ajor part of this w o rk e r ,s time while at switchboard.

TABU LATING -M ACH INE OPERATOR

Operates machine that automatically analyzes and translates information punched in groups of tabulating cards and prints translated data on form s or accounting records; sets or adjusts machine; does simple w iring of plugboards according to established practice or diagrams; places cards to be tabulated in feed magazine and starts machine. May file cards after they are tabulated. M ay, in addition, operate auxiliary machines.

TRANSCRIBING-M ACHINE O PERATO R, G ENERAL

Prim ary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple c le r ica l work. W orkers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or specia lized vocabulary such as lega l brie fs or reports on scientific research are not

P r o f e s s i o n a l

DRAFTSM AN, JUNIOR

(Assistant draftsman)

Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by draftsman or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May p re pare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman.

DRAFTSM AN, LEADER

Plans and directs activities o f one or m ore draftsmen in preparation of working plans and detail drawings from rough or p re lim inary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination of the follow ing: Interpretingblueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; perform ing m ore difficult problem s. May assist subordinates during


T R A N S C R I B I N G - M A C H I N E O P E R A T O R , G E N E R A L - C o n t i n u e d

included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by stenotype or s im ilar machine is classified as a stenographer, general.

TYP IS T

Uses a typewriter to make copies of various m ateria l or to make out bills a fter calculations have been made by another person. May do c le r ica l work involving litt le specia l train ing, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports or sorting and d istributing incoming m ail.

Class A - P erfo rm s one or m ore of the fo llow ing: Typingm ateria l in final form from ve ry rough and involved draft; copying from plain or corrected copy in which there is a frequent and varied use of technical and unusual words or from fore ign - language copy; combining m ateria l from severa l sources, or planning layout of complicated statistica l tables to maintain uniform ity and balance in spacing; typing tables from rough draft in final form . May type routine form le tte rs , varying details to suit circumstances.

Class B - P erfo rm s one or m ore of the fo llow ing: Typingfrom re la tive ly clear or typed drafts; routine typing of form s, insurance p o lic ie s , e tc .; setting up sim ple standard tabulations, or copying m ore complex tables a lready set up and spaced properly.

an d T e c h n i c a l

DRAFTSM AN, LEADER - Continued

em ergencies or as a regular assignment, or p erfo rm related duties o f a supervisory or adm inistrative nature.

D RAFTSM AN, SENIOR

Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination of the fo llow ing: Preparing working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc. , to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those involved in strength of m ateria ls , beams and trusses; verifying completed work, checking dimensions, m ateria ls to be used, and quantities; w riting specifications; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. M ay ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specia lized fie ld such as architectural, e lec tr ica l, m echanical, o r structural drafting.


NURSE, IND USTR IAL (REGISTERED)

A reg is tered nurse who gives nursing service to i l l or injured em ployees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the prem ises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the fo llow ing: Giving firs t aid to the i l l or injured;attending to subsequent dressing of employees* injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and em ployees; and planning and carrying out program s involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant

M a i n t e n a n c e

C A R P E N TE R , M AIN TE N AN CE

P er fo rm s the carpentry duties necessary to construct and maintain in good repa ir building woodwork and equipment such as bins, c r ib s , counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors , sta irs, casings, and tr im made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most of the fo llow ing: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, m odels, or verba l instructions; using a variety of carpenter*s handtools, portable power to o ls , and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting m ateria ls n ecessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent tra in ing and experience.

E LE C TR IC IA N , M A IN TE N AN C E

P er fo rm s a va rie ty o f e lec tr ica l trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment fo r the generating, distribution, or utilization of e lec tric energy in an establishment. Work involves m ost o f the fo llow ing: Installing or repairing any ofa va rie ty of e le c tr ica l equipment such as generators, transform ers, switchboards, con tro llers , c ircu it breakers, m otors, heating units, conduit system s, or other transm ission equipment; working from blueprin ts, draw ings, layout, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the e le c tr ica l system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of w iring or e lec tr ica l equipment; using a va rie ty of e lec tr ic ian s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance e lec tric ian requ ires rounded training and experience usually a c quired through a fo rm al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.


19

environment, or other activ ities affecting the health, w elfa re , and safety of a ll personnel.

TRACER

N U R S E , I N D U S T R I A L ( R E G I S T E R E D ) - C o n t i n u e d

Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil Uses T -square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple drawings and do simple lettering.

and P o w e r p l a n t

ENGINEER, STATIO N AR Y

Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or e lec tr ica l) to supply the establishment in which employed with p ow er, heat, re fr ig e ra tion, or a ir-condition ing. Work involves: Operating and maintainingequipment such as steam engines, a ir com pressors , generators, m otors , turbines, ventilating and re frigera tin g equipment, steam boilers and b o ile r- fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of m achinery, tem perature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing m ore than one engineer are excluded.

FIREM AN , STATIO N AR Y BOILER

F ires stationary bo ilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stok,er, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety va lves . May clean, o il, or assist in repairing bo iler- room equipment.

H E LPE R , TRADES, M AINTENANCE

Assists one or m ore w orkers in the skilled maintenance trades, by perform ing specific or general duties of lesser sk ill, such as keeping a w orker supplied with m ateria ls and tools; cleaning w orking area, machine, and equipment; assisting w orker by holding m ateria ls or tools; perform ing other unskilled tasks as directed by jou rneyman. The kind of work the helper is perm itted to perform varies from trade to trade: In som e, trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting , and holding m ateria ls and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is perm itted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also perform ed by workers on a fu ll-tim e basis.


20

M A C H I N E - T O O L O P E R A T O R , T O O L R O O M

Specializes in the operation of one or m ore types of machine tools, such as jig b o rers , cy lindrica l or surface grinders, engine lathes, or m illing machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges, jig s , fixtures, or dies. Work involves most of the fo llow ing: Planning and perform ing difficu lt machining operations; processing items requiring com plicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a va rie ty of precision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence; making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils. For cross-industry wage study purposes , m achine-tool operators , toolroom , in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification .

MACHINIST, M AINTENANCE

Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of m etal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most of the fo llow ing: Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a va rie ty of m ach in ists handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close tolerances; making standard shop computations re la ting to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working properties of the common m etals; selecting standard m ateria ls , parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the m ach in ists work norm ally requ ires a rounded training in machine- shop practice usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

M ECHANIC, AUTO M O TIVE (M A IN TE N AN C E )

Repairs automobiles, busses, m otortrucks, and tractors of an establishment. Work involves most of the fo llow ing: Examiningautomotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and perform ing repairs that involve the use o f such handtools as wrenches, gauges, d rills , or specia lized equipment in d isassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts fro m stock; grinding and adjusting va lves ; reassem bling and installing the various assem blies in the veh icle and making necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requ ires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.


M E C H A N I C , M A I N T E N A N C E

Repairs machinery or m echanical equipment of an estab lishment. Work involves most of the fo llow ing: Examining machinesand mechanical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling machines and perform ing repa irs that m ainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with item s obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replacement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for m a jor repa irs ; preparing w ritten specifications for m ajor repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassem bling machines; and making a ll n ecessary adjustments for operation. In genera l, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are w orkers whose p rim ary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines.

M ILLW RIG H T

Installs new machines or heavy equipment' and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant la y out are required. Work involves m ost o f the fo llow ing: Planning andlaying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a varie ty of handtools and rigging; making standard shop com putations relating to stresses, strength of m a teria ls , and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard to o ls , equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transm ission equipment such as drives and speed r e ducers. In general, the m illw righ t *s work norm ally requ ires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a fo rm al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

OILER

Lubricates, with oil or grease , the moving parts or wearing surfaces of mechanical equipment of an establishment.

PA IN TE R , M AINTENANCE

Paints and redecorates w a lls , woodwork, and fixtures of an establishment. Work involves the follow ing: Knowledge of surfacepecu liarities and types of paint requ ired fo r d ifferent applications; preparing surface fo r painting by rem oving old finish or by placing putty or f i l le r in nail holes and in terstices ; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May m ix co lo rs , o ils , white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper co lor or consistency. In genera l, the work of the maintenance painter requ ires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a fo rm al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.


P I P E F I T T E R , M A I N T E N A N C E

Installs or repa irs w ater, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most of the fo llow ing: Laying out o f work and measuring to locate position of pipefrom drawings or other w ritten specifications; cutting various sizes o f pipe to co rrec t lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations re lating to pressures, flow, and size of pipe r e quired; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes m eet specifications. In genera l, the work of the maintenance p ipefitter requ ires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. W orkers p r im a rily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded.

PLU M B E R , M A IN TE N AN C E

Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation ofvents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber *s snake. In genera l, the work of the maintenance plumber requ ires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

S H E E T-M E TA L WORKER, M AINTENANCE

Fabrica tes, in sta lls , and maintains in good repa ir the sheet- m etal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers , tanks, ven tilators, chutes, ducts, m etal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves most of the fo llow ing: Planning

C u s t o d i a l a nd

GUARD

P erfo rm s routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity of em ployees and other persons entering.


21

S H E E T - M E T A L . W O R K E R , M A I N T E N A N C E - C o n t i n u e d

and laying out a ll types of sheet-m etal maintenance work from blueprints, m odels, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-m etal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, form ing, shaping, fitting, and assem bling; installing sheet-m etal a rtic les as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-m etal w orker requ ires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

TOOL AND DIE M AKER

(D iem aker; jig m aker; toolm aker; fixture maker; gauge maker)

Constructs and repairs machine-shop too ls, gauges, jigs , f ix tures or dies for forg ings, punching and other m etal-form ing work. Work involves most of the fo llow ing: Planning and laying out of work from m odels, blueprints, draw ings, or other ora l and written specifications; using a va rie ty of tool and die m aker's handtools and precision measuring instruments; understanding of the working properties of common m etals and a lloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and re lated equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heat- treating of m etal parts during fabrication as w ell as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to p rescribed tolerances and allow ances; selecting appropriate m ateria ls , too ls, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker*s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification.

M a t e r i a l M o v e m e n t

JANITOR, PO RTER , OR CLEANER

(Sweeper; charwoman; jan itress)

Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or p rem ises of an o ffice , apartment house, or com m ercia l or other establishment. Duties involve a combination


22

of the fo llow ing: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor maintenance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded.

LABORERS, M A T E R IA L HANDLING

J A N I T O R , P O R T E R , O R C L E A N E R - C o n t in u e d

(Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper)

A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more of the following: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelving, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; transporting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded.

ORDER F ILLE R

(Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman)

F il ls shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers' orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indicating items fi l led or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders , requisition additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties.-

PACKER, SHIPPING

Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations perform ed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more of the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to ver i fy content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other mater ia l to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded.

SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLE R K

Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is r e sponsible for incoming shipment of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, p ractices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and pre-


S H I P P I N G A N D R E C E I V I N G C L E R K - C o n t i n u e d

paring records of the goods shipped, making uph ills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a fp^ of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Verify ing or directing others in ver ify ingthe correctness of shipments against bills o f lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper departments; maintaining necessary records and files.

For wage study purposes, workers are classif ied as follows:

Receiving clerkShipping clerkShipping and receiving clerk

TRUCKDRIVER

Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport mater ia ls , merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of establishments such as: Manufacturing plants , freight depots , w a re houses , wholesale and retail establishments, or between reta il establishments and customers' houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helper s , make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. D r iver-sa lesm en and over-the-road drivers are excluded.

For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are c lass if ied by size and type of equipment, as follows: (T ra c to r - t ra i le r should be ratedon the basis of tra iler capacity. )

Truckdriver, light (under 1V2 tons)Truckdriver, medium ( IV 2 to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, tra i le r type)Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than tra i le r type)

TRUCKER, POWER

Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or e lec tr ic -pow ered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment.

For wage study purposes, workers are classif ied by type of truck, as follows:

Trucker, power (forklift )Trucker, power (other than fo rk l i f t )

WATCHMAN

Makes rounds of p rem ises period ica lly in protecting property against f ire , theft, and il legal entry.

f t U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1955 O 336581


For the convenience of users of BLS data, copies of bulletins may also be purchased fromthe following sales offices:

U .S . Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 341 Ninth Avenue New York 1, No Y.

U .S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 105 West Adams Street Chicago 3, 111.

U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 630 Sansome Street San Francisco 11, Calif.

Occupational wage surveys are being conducted in 17 major labor markets during late 1954 and early 1955* Bulletins for the following are

Date post:	08-Nov-2015
Category:	Documents
Upload:	fedfraser
View:	219 times
Download:	0 times