bls_1188-18_1956.pdf

Occupational Wage Survey

ATLANTA, GEORGIAAPRIL 19S6

BLS Bulletin No. 1188-18

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary

BUREAU O F LABOR STATISTICS

Ew an Claguo, Commissioner

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Occupational Wage Survey

ATLANTA, GEORGIA

A P R IL 1956

Bulletin No. 1188-18

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary

BUREAU O F LABOR STATISTICS

Ew an C lague, Commissioner

June 1956

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Price 25 centsDigitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Contents

Page

Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1Wage trends for se lected occupational groups ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

Tables:

1. Establishm ents and w orkers within scope o f survey ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22. Indexes o f standard weekly salaries for o ffice c le r ica l and average straight-tim e hourly earnings for

se lected plant occupational groups, and percent o f increase for selected p e r io d s _________________________ 3

A: Occupational earnings * -A - 1: O ffice occupations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5A -2 : P ro fession a l and technical occupations----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8A -3 : Maintenance and powerplant occu pation s-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9A -4 : Custodial and m aterial-m ovem ent occupations __________________________________________________________ 10

B: Establishm ent practices and supplementary wage provisions * -B - l : Shift differential prbvisions ______________________________________________________________________________ 12B -2 : Minimum entrance rates for women o ffice w orkers ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - 13B -3 : Scheduled weekly hours --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14B -4 : Paid holidays _____________________________________________________________ 14

B -6 : Health, insurance, and pension plans ___________________________________________________________________ 17

Appendix: Job d escr ip tio n s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19

* NOTE: Sim ilar tabulations for m ost of these items are available in the Atlanta area reports fo r M arch in 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, and 1955. The 1954 report also provides tabulations o f wage structure ch aracteristics , labor-m anagem ent agreem ents, and overtim e pay prov ision s. The 1955 report also included data on frequency o f wage paym ents, and pay provisions fo r h o lidays falling on nonworkdays. A d irectory indicating date o f study and the p rice o f the reports, as w ell as reports for other m ajor areas, is available upon request.

Current reports on occupational earnings and supplementary wage practices in the Atlanta area are also available for hotels (July 1955), power laundries and dry cleaners (June 1955), and o ffice building serv ice (May 1955). Union sca les , indicative o f prevailing pay leve ls , are available fo r the following trades or industries: Building construction , printing, loca l-tran sitoperating em ployees, and m otortruck d rivers .

iii


The Community Wage Survey Program

The Bureau o f Labor Statistics regularly conducts areawide wage surveys in a number of important industrial centers. The studies, made from late fall to early spring, relate to occupational earnings and related supplementary benefits. A prelim inary report is available on com pletion o f the study in each area, usually in the month following the payroll period studied. This bulletin provides additional data not included in the earlier report. A consolidated analytical bulletin sum m arizing the results of all of the y e a r s surveys is issued after com pletion of the final area bulletin for the current round o f surveys.


Occupational Wage Survey - Atlanta, Ga. *

Introduction

The Atlanta a rea is one o f severa l im portant industria l cen ters in which the D epartm ent o f Labor* s Bureau o f L abor S tatistics has conducted su rveys o f occupational earnings and related wage benefits on an areaw ide b a s is . In each area , data are obtained by person a l v is its o f B ureau fie ld agents to representative establishm ents within s ix b road industry d iv is ion s : M anufacturing; transportation (excluding r a ilr o a d s ), com m un ication , and other public u tilities; w holesale trade; reta il trade; fin an ce , in su ra n ce , and rea l estate; and s e r v ic e s . M ajor industry groups exclu ded fr o m these studies, besides ra ilro a d s , are governm ent operations and the construction and extractive in du stries . E stablishm ents having few er than a p rescr ib ed num ber o f w ork ers are om itted a lso becau se they furn ish insu fficient em ploym ent in the o c c u pations studied to w arrant in c lu s io n .* 1 2 W herever p o ss ib le , separate tabulations are p rov id ed fo r each o f the broad industry d iv is ion s .

These surveys are conducted on a sam ple basis because o f the u n n ecessary co s t involved in surveying all establishm ents, and to insure prom pt publication o f re su lts . To obtain appropriate a ccu ra cy at m in im um c o s t , a g rea ter p rop ortion o f large than o f sm all establishm ents is studied . In com bining the data, how ever, all establishm ents are given their appropriate w eight. E stim ates based on the establishm ents studied are p resen ted , th e re fo re , as relating to all establishm ents in the industry grouping and a rea , except fo r those below the m inim um s ize studied.

O ccupations and E arnings

The occupations se le c te d fo r study are com m on to a variety o f m anufacturing and nonm anufacturing in d u stries . O ccupational c la s s i f i cation is based on a uniform set o f job descriptions designed to take account o f in ter establishm ent variation in duties within the sam e job (see appendix fo r listing o f these d escrip tion s). Earnings data are p resen ted (in the A -s e r ie s tables) for the follow ing types o f o ccu p a tions: (a) O ffice c le r ic a l ; (b) p ro fess ion a l and techn ical; (c) m aintenance and pow erplant; and (d) custod ia l and m ateria l m ovem ent.

Data are shown fo r fu ll-t im e w ork ers , i . e . , those h ired to w ork a regu lar w eekly schedule in the given occupational c la ss ifica tion . E arnings data exclude prem ium pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h o lidays, and late sh ifts . Nonproduction bonuses are ex cluded a ls o , but c o s t -o f - l iv in g bonuses and incentive earnings are in cluded . W here w eekly hours are reported , as for o ffice c le r ic a l o c cupations, re fe ren ce is to the w ork schedules (rounded to the n earest half hour) fo r which stra igh t-tim e sa laries are paid; average w eekly earnings fo r these occupations have been rounded to the n earest half d o lla r .

* This rep ort was prep ared in the B ureau1 s reg ional o ff ice in A tlanta, Ga. , by B ern ard J. F a h res , under the d irection o f Louis B . W oytych , R egional W age and Industrial R elations A nalyst.

1 See table 1 fo r m in im u m -s ize establishm ent co v e re d .2 The tabulation o f m inim um entrance rates fo r wom en o ff ice

w ork ers rela tes on ly to p rov is ion s in establishm ents studied.

O ccupational em ploym ent estim ates rep resen t the total in all establishm ents within the scope o f the study and not the num ber actually surveyed . B ecause o f d iffe ren ces in occupational structure among e s tablishm ents, the estim ates o f occupational em ploym ent obtained from the sam ple o f establishm ents studied serv e on ly to indicate the relative im portance o f the job s studied. These d ifferen ces in occupational structure do not m ateria lly a ffect the a ccu ra cy o f the earnings data.

E stablishm ent P ra c tice s and Supplem entary Wage P rov ision s

Inform ation is presen ted a lso (in the B -s e r ie s tables) on s e lected esta b lish m en tp ra ctices and supplem entary benefits as they relate to o ffice and plant w ork ers . The term "o f f ic e w o r k e r s ," as used in this bulletin , includes a ll o ff ic e c le r ic a l em ployees and excludes adm in istrative , execu tive , p ro fe ss io n a l, and techn ica l person nel. "Plant w o rk e rs " include w orking forem en and all nonsuperv isory w orkers (including leadm en and tra inees) engaged in nonoffice functions. A dm in istra tive , execu tive , p ro fe ss io n a l, and techn ica l em p loyees , and fo r c e - account con struction em ployees who are u tilized as a separate work fo r ce are excluded . C a feteria w ork ers and routem en are excluded in m anufacturing in d u stries , but are included as plant w orkers in nonmanufacturing in du stries .

Shift d ifferen tia l data (table B - l ) are lim ited to manufacturing in du stries . This in form ation is presen ted both in term s o f (a) establishm ent p o licy , 3 presen ted in term s o f total plant w orker em ploym ent, and (b) e ffe ctive p ra c t ic e , presen ted on the b a s is o f w orkers actually em ployed on the sp ec ified shift at the tim e o f the survey. In establishm entshaving va ried d iffe ren tia ls , the amount applying to a m ajority was used o r , i f no amount applied to a m a jor ity , the cla ss ifica tion "o th er" was used.

M inim um entrance rates (table B -2 ) relate only to the establishm ents v is ited . They are presen ted on an establishm ent, rather than on an em ploym ent b a s is . Scheduled hours; paid holidays; paid vacations; and health, in su ran ce , and pension plans are treated sta tistica lly on the basis that these are applicable to a ll plant o r o ffice w ork ers i f a m a jority o f such w ork ers are e lig ib le o r may eventually qualify fo r the p ra ctice s l is t e d .4 B ecause o f rounding, sums o f individual item s in these tabulations do not n e ce ssa r ily equal totals.

The sum m ary o f vacation plans is lim ited to form al arrangem ents, excluding in form al plans w hereby tim e o ff with pay is granted at the d iscre tion o f the em p loyer . Separate estim ates are provided

3 An establishm ent was con sid ered as having a po licy if it m et either o f the follow ing conditions: ( l ) O perated late shifts at the time o f the su rvey , o r (2) had form a l p rov is ion s coverin g late shifts.

4 Scheduled w eekly hours fo r o ff ice w ork ers (firs t section o f table B -3 ) are presen ted in term s o f the p roportion o f wom en o ffice w orkers em ployed in o ff ic e s with the indicated w eekly hours fo r women w ork ers .

1Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

2accord ing to em ployer p ra ctice in com puting vacation paym ents, such as tim e paym ents, percen t o f annual earn ings, o r fla t-su m am ounts. H ow ever, in the tabulations o f vacation allow ances by years o f s e r v ic e , payments not on a tim e basis w ere converted ; fo r exam ple, a paym ent o f 2 percen t o f annual earnings was con sid ered as the equivalent o f 1 week* s pay.

Data are presented fo r all health, insu ran ce , and pension plans fo r which at lea st a part o f the co s t is borne by the em p loyer, excepting only lega l requ irem ents such as w ork m en 's com pensation and soc ia l secu rity . Such plans include those underw ritten by a com m erc ia l insurance com pany and those prov ided through a union fund o r paid d irectly by the em ployer out o f cu rren t operating funds o r from a fund set aside fo r this pu rp ose . Death benefits are included as a fo rm o f life insurance.

S ickness and acciden t insurance is lim ited to that type o f in surance under which predeterm ined cash paym ents are made d irect ly to the insured on a w eekly o r m onthly basis during illn ess o r accident d isability . In form ation is presen ted ^or a ll such plans to which the em ployer con tribu tes. H ow ever, in New Y ork and New J e rse y , which have enacted tem porary d isab ility insurance laws which requ ire em p loyer co n tr ib u tion s ,5 plans are in clu d id only i f the em ployer ( l ) con tributes m ore than is lega lly requ ired , o r (2) prov ides the em ployee

with benefits which exceed the requ irem en ts o f the law . Tabulations o f paid s ick -lea v e plans are lim ited to fo rm a l plans which prov ide fu ll pay o r a proportion o f the w o r k e r 's pay during absence fro m w ork becau se of illn ess . Separate tabulations are p rov id ed a ccord in g to ( l ) plans which provide full pay and no waiting p e r io d , and (2) plans provid ing either partial pay o r a waiting p er iod . In addition to the presentation o f the p roportions o f w ork ers who are p rov id ed s ick n ess and accident insurance o r paid s ick lea v e , an unduplicated total is shown o f w orkers who re ce iv e either o r both types o f ben efit .

Catastrophe insu ran ce , som etim es r e fe r re d to as extended m ed ica l insurance, includes those plans which are designed to p ro te ct em ployees in ca se o f sickness and in jury involving expenses beyond the n orm al coverage o f hosp ita lization , m ed ica l, and su rg ica l p lans. M ed ica l insurance re fe rs to plans p rov id in g fo r com plete o r partia l paym ent o f d o c to rs ' fe e s . Such plans m ay be underw ritten by co m m e rc ia l in surance com panies o r nonprofit organ izations o r they m ay be s e l f - in sured . Tabulations o f re tirem en t pension plans are lim ited to those plans that provide monthly paym ents fo r the rem ainder o f the w o rk e r 's l i fe .

5 The tem porary d isab ility laws in C a liforn ia and Rhode Islanddo not require em ployer con tributions.

Table 1: Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in Atlanta, Ga. , 1 by major industry division, April 1956

Industry division

Minimum- size

establishment

in scope of study 2

Number of establishments Workers in establishments

Within scope of

studyStudied

Within scope of study Studied

Total3 Office Plant Total 3

All d iv ision s______________________________________________ 51 701 191 161,800 30,700 103,100 103,160

Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------------------------- 51 240 60 78,000 7,600 59,000 54s 220Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------------------------------- 51 461 131 83,800 23,100 44,100 48,940

Transportation (excluding railroads),communication, and other public utilities 4 --------- 51 60 21 20,600 i 4 ,300 10,600 16,340

Wholesale trade ---------------------------------------------------------- 51 128 36 15,600 5, 100 7,200 6,270Retail trade ---- ------ ----------- - ---------- ---------- ----- 51 115 33 26,100 3 ,400 19,500 16,930Finance, insurance, and real estate ------------------------ 51 74 24 12,500. 8 ,500 5 900 6 ,420Services 6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 51 84 17 9,000 (7) (7) 2 ,980

1 The Atlanta Metropolitan Area (Cobb, DeKalb, and Fulton Counties). The "workers within scope of study" estimates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The estimates are not intended, however, to serve as a basis of comparison with other area employment indexes to measure employment trends or levels since (1) planning of wage surveys requires the use of establishment data compiled considerably in advance of the pay period studied, and (2) small establishments are excluded from the scope of the survey.

Includes all establishments with total employment at or above the m inim um -size limitation. All outlets (within the area) of companies in such industries as trade, auto repair service, and motion-picture theaters are considered as 1 establishment.

Includes executive, technical, professional, and other workers excluded from the separate office and plant categories.4 Also excludes taxicabs, and services incidental to water transportation.5 Estimate relates to real estate establishments only.6 Hotels; personal services; business services; automobile repair shops; radio broadcasting and television; motion pictures; nonprofit membership organization; and

engineering and architectural services.7 This industry division is represented in estimates for "a il industries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the Series A and B tables, although coverage was insufficient

to justify separate presentation of data.

finance3


3Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups

Tabulated below a re indexes of sa laries o f wom en o ff ice c l e r i ca l w o rk e rs , and o f average earnings of se lected plant w orker groups.

F o r o ff ic e c le r ic a l w o rk e rs , the indexes rela te to average w eek ly sa la r ie s fo r norm al hours of w ork , that is , the standard w ork schedule fo r which stra igh t-tim e sa laries are paid. F or plant w orker grou ps, the indexes m easu re changes in straight-tim e hourly earn ings, excluding prem ium pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h o lidays, and late sh ifts . The indexes are based on data fo r se lected key occupations and include m ost o f the num erica lly im portant jobs within each group. E ighteen jobs w ere included in the o ffice c le r ic a l index; 10 sk illed m aintenance jobs and 3 unskilled jobs w ere included in the plant w ork er in d exes. See footnotes to table 2.

A verage w eek ly sa la r ies or average hourly earnings w ere com puted fo r each of the se le cted occupations. The average sa laries o r hourly earnings w ere then m ultip lied by the average of M arch 1953 and M arch 1954 em ploym ent in the job . These weighted earnings fo r individual occupations w ere then added to obtain an aggregate fo r each occupational group . F in a lly , the ratio of these group aggregates fo r a given year to the aggregate fo r the base period (survey month, w inter 1952-53) was com puted and the resu lt m ultiplied by the base year index (100) to get the index fo r the given year.

The indexes m easu re p rin cip a lly the e ffects of ( l ) general sa lary and wage changes; (2) m erit or other in crea ses in pay r e ce ived by individual w ork ers while in the sam e job ; and (3) labor turnover o r fo r c e expansion or reduction . A fo r c e expansion might in crea se the p rop ortion o f low er paid w ork ers in a sp ec ific o c cu pation and resu lt in a drop in the index, w hereas a reduction in the proportion o f low er paid w ork ers would have the opposite e ffect. The indexes a re a lso a ffected by shifts in the p roportion o f w orkers em ployed by establishm ents with d ifferent pay le v e ls . F or exam ple, the m ovem ent of a high-paying establishm ent out o f an area could cause the index to drop , even though no change in rates o ccu rred in other area establishm ents.

The use of constant em ploym ent weights elim inates the effects o f changes in the proportion o f w orkers represented in each job in cluded in the index. Nor a re the indexes influenced by changes in standard w ork schedules or in prem ium pay fo r overtim e, since they are based on pay fo r stra ight-tim e hours .

Indexes fo r the period 1952 to 1955 fo r w ork ers in 17 m ajor labor m ark ets , appeared in BLS B ull. 1172, W ages and Related B enefits, 17 Labor M arkets, 1954-55.

Table 2: Indexes of standard weekly salaries for office c lerica l1 and average straight-time hourly earnings for selected plant occupational groups 2in Atlanta, Ga. , March 1955 and April 1956, and percent of increase for selected periods

Industry and occupational group

Indexes(March 1953 = 100) Percent increases from

April1956

March1955

March 1955 to

April 1956

March 1954 to

March 1955

March 1953 to

March 1954

March 1952 to

March 1953

March 1952 to

April 1956

All industries:Office clerical (women) -------------------------------------------- 111.8 105.2 6 .3 2 .2 3 .0 5. 5 17.9Skilled maintenance (men) ----------------------- --------------- 114. 1 108.3 5 .4 2 .9 5 .3 7 .4 2 2 .5Unskilled plant (m en)-------------------------------------------------- 122.6 107.9 13.6 1 .8 5 .9 7. 1 31.3

Manufacturing:Office clerical (women)---------------------------------------------- 110.5 105.8 4 .4 1 .9 3. 8 6. 1 17.3Skilled maintenance (m en )---------------------------------------- 113.6 108.2 5 .0 3. 1 4 .9 6 .8 21 .3Unskilled plant (men) ---------------------------------------------- 118.9 106. 7 11 .4 1. 7 4 .9 8 .4 28 .9

1 Based on data for the following jobs: 2 Based on data for the following jobs:

Office clerical (women):B illers, machine (billing machine) Bookkeeping-machine operators,

class A and B Comptometer operators Clerks, file , class A and B Clerks, order Clerks, payroll Key-punch operators Office girls

SecretariesStenographers, general Switchboard operators Switchboard operator-

receptionistsTabulating-machine operators Transcribing-machine operators,

generalTypists, class A and B

Skilled maintenance (men): Carpenters Electricians Machinists MechanicsMechanics, automotiveMillwrightsPaintersPipefittersSheet-metal workersTool and die makers

Unskilled plant (men):Janitors, porters, and cleaners Laborers, material handling Watchmen


A : Occupational Earnings5

Table A-l: Office Occupations(Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings 1 for selected occupations studied on an area basis

in Atlanta, G a ., by industry division, April 1956)

S e x , o c c u p a t io n , a n d in d u s tr y d iv is io nNumber

ofworkers

AveBASE NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF

Weeklyhours

(Standard)Weeklyearnings

(Standard)

$3 0 .0 0

and u n d er 35.,.6.0

$3 5 .0 0

4 0 . 00

$4 0 .0 0

4 5 .0 0

$4 5 .0 0

5 0 .0 0

$5 0 .0 0

5 5 .0 0

$5 5 .0 0

6 0 . 00

$6 0 .0 0

6 5 .0 0

$6 5 .0 0

70 . 00

$7 0 .0 0

7 5 . 00

$7 5 .0 0

8 0 .0 0

*8 0 .0 0

8 5 .0 0

$8 5 .0 0

9 0 . 00

$9 0 .0 0

9 5 .0 0

S9 5 .0 0

100 .00

$1 0 0 .00

1 05 .00

%105 .00

110 .00

t1 1 0 .00

1 15 .00

$11 5 .0 0

1 2 0 .00

$1 2 0 .00

1 25 .00

$125 .00

130 .00

S130 .00

135 .00

%135.00

and

M en$

C le r k s , a c c o u n t in g , c l a s s A _____________ 455 3 9 .5 8 3 .0 0 - - - 1 6 13 4 0 27 54 80 63 27 32 39 25 9 24 10 3 - 2 _M a n u fa c tu r in g ___________ _________ 115 3 9 .5 8 6 .0 0 - - - 1 4 - 1 6 10 12 16 18 23 3 7 8 6 _ . _ _N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g _ 340 3 9 .5 8 2 .0 0 - - - - 2 13 39 21 4 4 68 47 9 9 36 18 1 18 10 3 - 2 _

P u b li c u t i l i t ie s * __________________________ 46 3 8 .5 9 2 .0 0 - - - - 1 1 2 - 1 7 5 _ _ 20 2 _ 4 2 1 _ - _W h o le s a le t r a d e ____ 196 4 0 .0 8 1 .5 0 - - - - - 9 24 21 19 35 31 2 8 9 15 1 11 7 2 _ 2 _R e t a i l t r a d e _________________________________ 37 4 1 .5 7 6 .5 0 - - - - 1 3 2 - 5 12 8 2 _ 2 _ _ 2 _ _ _ ! -F in a n c e * * 49 3 7 .0 7 9 .5 0 - - - - - - 5 - 19 9 3 5 1 4 1 - 1 1 - - - -

C l e r k s , a c c o u n t in g , c la s s B ________________ 56 8 3 9 .5 6 4 .0 0 - - 9 4 7 87 76 98 105 49 33 45 10 5 4 _ _ _ - _ _M an u fa c tu r in g i l l 4 6 . 0 6 6 . 6o - - 1 7 13 6 23 29 18 6 19 - - - - - - - - -N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g 446 3 9 .5 6 3 .0 0 - - 8 4 0 74 70 75 76 31 27 26 10 5 4 - - - - - - - i

W h o le s a le t r a d e __________________________ 302 4 0 .0 6 5 .5 0 - - - 29 35 4 0 4 2 65 24 26 26 9 4 2 - . - - - - - |R e t a i l t r a d e 37 4 1 .5 5 7 .0 0 - _ 4 4 8 5 8 8 _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - . . _ iF in a n c e * * ____________________________ 53 3 7 .0 5 7 .5 0 - - 4 4 - 25 16 2 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - -

C l e r k s , o r d e r ______________________________ 197 4 0 .0 7 1 .0 0 - - _ 5 16 19 20 24 43 33 10 6 7 2 5 6 1 _ _ _ _ _M a n u fa c tu r in g _ __ _______ 53 4 0 .0 Y3. 00 - - - 3 3 7 5 3 n r 1 6 - 7 - - 5 - - - - - -N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ______________ _________ 144 4 0 .0 7 0 .5 0 - - - 2 13 12 15 21 30 32 4 6 - 2 5 1 1 - - - - -

W h o le s a le t r a d e __ __ __ _ 133 4 0 .0 7 1 .5 0 - - - - 9 8 15 21 30 31 4 6 2 5 1 1 - - - -

C l e r k s , p a y r o l l ____________________________ 75 3 9 .5 7 2 .0 0 _ _ 1 6 1 10 10 14 2 10 9 4 4 _ 2 _ _ _ _ _ 1 1M a n u fa c tu r in g ____ 52 4 0 .0 6 8 .5 0 - - 1 6 1 10 7 7 - 6 6 4 4 - - - - - - - -

O f f ic e b o y s __ __ __ _____________________ 23 4 3 9 .5 4 5 .5 0 _ 9 113 55 39 11 6 _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ - _ _ _ -M a n u fa c tu r in g _____ _____ _________ 44 3 9 .5 4 7 .5 0 - - 16 4 12 7 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1|--------; N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ____________________________ 190 3 9 .0 4 5 .0 0 - 9 94 51 27 4 4 - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - !

W h o le s a le t r a d e _______ ________________ 53 3 9 .5 4 7 .0 0 - - 17 19 16 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -F in a n c e * * ___________________________________ 65 3 9 .0 4 3 .0 0 - 4 43 14 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ______________ 159 3 9 .0 6 8 .0 0 _ . 4 10 16 26 22 14 12 16 7 24 5 2 1 - - - - - - -M a n u fa c tu r in g ___ _ __ _________ 54 4 0 .0 8 3 .0 0 - - - - - - 1 1 2 6 3 19 1 1 - - - - - - - -N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g _____________ _____ 125 3 9 .0 6 4 .0 0 - - 4 10 16 26 21 13 10 10 4 5 4 1 1 - - - - - - -

P u b l i c u t i l i t ie s * ------------ ----------- 26 3 9 .0 6 6 .5 0 - - 2 2 4 2 4 1 3 2 1 2 3 - - - - - - - -F in a n c e * * _ __ _______ _______ _______ 64 3 9 .0 6 0 .5 0 - 2 7 11 19 10 2 5 2 2 3 ~ 1 - - ~

W o m e n

B i l l e r s , m a c h in e (b il l in g m a c h i n e ) _______, 181 3 9 .5 5 3 .0 0 - 4 15 51 33 41 15 14 6 2 _ - - - - - - - - - - -M a n u fa c tu r in g _________________________________ 86 4 0 . 0 5 3 .0 0 - - 2 36 2 26 4 6 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - -N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ___________________ _____ 101 3 9 .5 5 3 .0 0 - 4 13 15 31 15 11 8 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

W h o le s a le t r a d e ___________________ 62 4 0 .0 5 6 .0 0 - - - 3 30 10 11 8 - - " - "

B i l l e r s , m a c h in e (b o o k k e e p in gm a c h in e ) ____ _____ _____ _____ ______ 39 4 0 .0 5 1 .5 0 - - 9 8 10 5 7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g _______________________ 35 ^ 4 o . o 5 0 .5 0 - - 9 8 10 3 5 - - - - - - - - - " - -

B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ,c la s s A _____ ____ ________ __ ___ ________ 137 3 9 .5 6 0 .0 0 - - 3 6 28 29 24 35 11 1 - - - - - - - - - - - -

N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ___________ _________ 1 2 0 P 4 0 .0 5 9 .5 0 - - 3 6 27 23 24 27 10 - - - - - - - - - - - - -W h o le s a le tra d e _________ _______ 75 4 0 .0 6 0 .0 0 - - 3 3 9 14 23 18 5 - - - - - - - - - - ~ -F in a n c e * * ____________________________ 45 3 9 .5 5 8 .5 0 3 18 9 1 9 5

See footnote at end o f ta b le .* T ran sp ortation (exclud ing ra ilro a d s ), com m unication , and other public u tilities.** F in an ce , in su ran ce , .and rea l esta te .

O ccupational Wage Survey, Atlanta, G a ., A p ril 1956U .S . D EPARTM EN T OF LABOR

Bureau o f L abor Statistics391880 0 -5 6 -2


6(Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings 1 for selected occupations studied on an area basis in Atlanta, G a., by industry division, April 1956)

Table A>1: Office Occupations - Continued

S ex , o c c u p a t io n , an d in d u s tr y d iv is io nNumber

ofworkers

Averaq* NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF

Weeklyhours


(Standard)

$3 0 .0 0

and u n d er 35 . 00

$3 5 .0 0

4 0 . 00

4 0 .0 0

4 5 . 00

4 5 .0 0

50 . 00

$5 0 . 00

5 5 . 00

5 5 .0 0

6 0 .0 0

1 0 .0 0

6 5 .0 0

6 5 .0 0

7 0 . 00

$7 0 . 00

17 5 .0 0

$7 5 .0 0

8 0 .0 0

$8 0 .0 0

8 5 .0 0

$8 5 .0 0

9 0 .0 0

S9 0 .0 0

9 5 .0 0

* 9 5 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 5 .0 0

1 0 5 .0 0

1 1 0 .0 0

1 1 0 .0 0

1 1 5 .0 0

1 1 5 .0 0

1 2 0 .0 0

1 2 0 .0 0

1 2 5 .0 0

1 2 5 .0 0

1 3 0 .0 0

1 3 0 .0 0

1 3 5 .0 0

$ 3 5 .0 0an d

o v e r

W o m e n - C o n tin u e d!1

B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , $505 4 0 .0 5 4 .5 0 - 55 118 120 86 55 30 24 16 1 - - * *

M a n u fa ctu r in g __ _________ ____ i f 4

7(Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings 1 for selected occupations studied on an area basis in Atlanta, G a ., by industry division, April 1956)

Table A-1: Office Occupations - Continued

S e x , o c c u p a t io n , a n d in d u s tr y d iv is io nNumber

ofworkers

Average NUMBER OP WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OP-

Weeklyhours


(Standard)3 0 .0 0

andu n d er3 5 .0 0

$35. 00

40 . 00

4 0 .0 0

4 5 .0 0

I s . 00

5 0 ,0 0

5 0 .0 0

5 5 .0 0

5 5 .0 0

6 0 .0 0

1 0 .0 0

6 5 .0 0

6 5 . 00 |

7 0 . 00

7 0 .0 0

7 5 .0 0

7 5 .0 0

8 0 .0 0

$ j 8 0 .0 0

8 5 .0 0

$85 .

9 0 .

00

00

$9 0 .0 0

9 5 . 00

$95 . 00

1 00 .00

$100 .00

105 .00

$1 05 .00

11 0 .0 0

110 .00

115 .00

1 1 5 .00

12 0 .0 0

120 .00

125 .00

125 .00

130 .00

1 3 0 .0 0

135 .00

135 .00ando v e r

W o m e n - C o n tin u e di

D u p lic a t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s $(m im e o g r a p h o r d it to ) __ - ______________ 28 3 9 .0 4 8 .5 0 - 3 9 7 3 1 1 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

K e y -p u n c h o p e r a t o r s ____ _____ 46 5 3 9 .0 5 3 .5 0 _ 29 88 114 56 59 38 13 28 34 3 1 - 2 _ - _ _ - - - -M a n u fa c t u r in g ___________________________ 75 3 0 .5 6 5 .5 0 - - 1 5 6 16 8 8 2 29 - - - - - - - - - - - | -N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ______________________ 390 3 9 .0 5 1 .0 0 - 29 87 109 50 43 30 5 26 5 3 1 - 2 - - - - - - " j

P u b li c u t i l i t ie s * ____________________~ 61 3 9 .0 6 1 .5 0 - - 7 3 9 10 8 2 17 2 3 - - - - - - - - -W h o le s a le t r a d e ____________________ 100 3 8 .5 5 2 .0 0 - 24 18 6 16 11 9 1 9 3 - 1 - 2 - - - - - - -R e ta i l t r a d e _________________________ 67 3 9 .5 4 8 .5 0 - 5 12 26 9 10 4 1 - - - - - - - - - - - -

* l-

F in a n ce * * ___________________________ 151 3 9 .0 4 7 .5 0 - - 49 66 16 10 9 1 - - - - - - - - " -

O ff ic e g i r l s _________________________________ 117 3 9 .5 4 4 .5 0 _ 7 70 21 14 2 3 _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - . -N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ______________________ 110 3 9 .5 4 4 .5 0 - 7 65 21 12 2 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - : -

W h o le s a le t r a d e _____________________ 28 3 9 .5 4 7 .0 0 - - 15 7 1 2 3 - - -~ - - - - - - - - - - - ; -F in a n c e * * _ . _ ... . 41 3 9 .0 4 4 .0 0 - 5 24 6 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * 1 -

S e c r e t a r ie s _________________________________ 1 ,5 1 9 3 9 .5 7 1 .0 0 - - 12 36 72 174 263 234 149 191 201 80 46 29 10 7 5 3 - - - 7M a n u fa c tu r in g __ _____________________ 4 5 8 3 0 .5 7 1 7 6 6 - - - 1 2 4 3 76 i 4 0 62 126 12 10 6 5 1 - 1 - - - -N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ______________________ 1 ,0 6 1 3 9 .5 7 0 .0 0 - - 12 33 70 131 187 161 109 129 75 68 36 23 7 6 5 2 - - - 7

P u b l i c u t i l i t ie s * ____________________ 177 3 8 .5 8 2 .0 0 - - - 1 1 2 18 16 23 26 22 17 19 18 4 3 4 1 - - - 2W h o le s a le t r a d e _____________________ 273 3 9 .5 7 1 .0 0 - - - - 19 4 8 34 51 28 34 24 17 7 3 - 2 - 1 - - - 5R e t a i l t r a d e __ __ ----- ---------- 160 3 9 .0 6 6 .5 0 - - 4 2 20 21 35 20 15 18 9 4 9 - 2 1 - - | - - -F in a n c e * * ___________________________ 371 3 9 .0 6 5 .5 0 - - 8 23 25 50 89 59 34 43 12 23 1 2 1 1 * -

S t e n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l ___________________ 1 ,4 0 6 -3 9 .0 5 9 .5 0 _ 1 81 165 205 336 288 111 79 51 55 12 4 7 2 4 4 - - 1 - -M a n u fa c t u r in g ___________________________ 340 W 7 S .... 6 6 7 6 6 - - 12 20 62 $5 50 4 2 25 11 16 2 1 3 - - - - - - - !IN o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ______________________ 1, 066 3 9 .0 5 9 .5 0 - 1 69 145 143 241 238 69 53 40 39 10 3 4 2 4 4 - - 1 - :

P u b li c u t i l i t ie s * ____________________ 261 3 8 .5 6 2 .5 0 - - 23 28 27 38 58 17 10 28 29 2 1 - - - - - - - - iW h o le s a le t r a d e ____________________ 341 3 9 .5 6 3 .5 0 - - 6 31 34 74 87 33 38 9 4 8 2 4 2 4 4 - - 1 - !R e t a i l t r a d e _________________________ 121 3 9 .5 5 2 .5 0 - 1 22 24 26 23 13 8 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - iF in a n ce * * ___________________________ 296 3 9 .0 5 6 .0 0 - - 18 50 47 86 74 11 3 1 6 ~ - " ~ ~ !

S w itc h b o a rd o p e r a t o r s __ _ __ __ 276 4 2 .0 4 8 .0 0 64 36 27 32 30 17 25 30 4 11 _ - - _ - - - - - -!

M a n u fa c t u r in g ___________________________ 45 3 6 .5 60.66' - ----- g 1 5 4 -------5 ~ 7 2 11 - - - - - - - - - - - -N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ______________________ 2 3 0 4 3 .0 4 5 .5 0 64 30 21 31 27 13 19 23 2 - - - - - ~ " - -

P u b l i c u t i l i t ie s * _ ___ _ _ 25 3 9 .5 6 1 .5 0 - - 1 - 5 3 4 11 1 - - - - - - ~ - - R e t a i l t r a d e __ _ __ __ 63 4 0 .5 4 9 .0 0 - 6 16 14 12 4 5 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - F in a n c e * * ___________________________ 29 3 9 .0 5 6 .0 0 - - 4 9 6 7 2 1 * - -

S w itc h b o a rd o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t i o n i s t s ___ 316 4 0 .0 5 2 .5 0 6 4 57 73 58 62 24 9 15 _ 8 - - - - - - - - - - -M a n u fa c tu r in g _ __ _ _ 4 6 . 0 4 7 7 5 0 -------T " - 27 18 23 9 $ 2 2 - - - - - - - - - " N o x im a n u fa ctu rin g ____ _____ 2 2 0 4 0 .0 5 4 .0 0 - 4 30 55 35 53 15 7 13 - 8 - - - * ~ _

P u b li c u t i l i t ie s * ___ 37 4 0 .0 6 5 .0 0 - - - 8 - 8 3 - 12 - 6 - - - - W h o le s a le t r a d e -------------- -------------- 95 4 0 .0 5 3 .5 0 - - 11 24 22 17 11 7 1 - 2 - - - - - ~ " _F in a n c e * * _ __ ____ _________ 49 3 8 .5 4 5 .5 0 - 4 17 19 6 3 - " - - - - ~ - *

T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s __________ 112 3 9 .0 6 1 .0 0 - 12 19 13 14 13 8 11 5 10 7 - - - - - - - - - -N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g __________ _ __ __ 89 W .l> 15 6 .5 0 - - 12 19 13 14 8 r 10 2 5 - - - - - - - - - - -

F in a n ce * * ___________________________ 33 3 9 .0 5 2 .5 0 - 2 10 10 7 3 i

T r a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ,g e n e r a l ______ . nii_^_u._Li_lli__ , 40 9 3 9 .5 5 4 .0 0 - - 29 89 113 9 8 52 14 9 - 1 2 1 1 - " - ~ ~ _

M a n u fa c t u r in g ____ __ _____ _________ 52 4 67 0 5 1 .5 0 - - 6 14 24 2 1 2 3 - - - - - - - - * - - *N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ______________________ 357 3 9 .5 5 4 .0 0 - - 23 75 89 96 51 12 6 - 1 2 1 1 - - " _

W h o le s a le t r a d e _ _ _ __ 138 3 9 .5 5 7 .0 0 - - 1 19 24 55 25 7 2 - 1 2 1 1 ~ _F in a n ce * * _ __ __ _ __ ___ 142 3 9 .0 5 2 .0 0 21 33 36 32 15 5

1 iii________

See footnote at end o f tab le .* T ran sp ortation (excluding ra ilr o a d s ), com m unication , and other public utilities,** F inan ce, in su ran ce , and rea l esta te .


8(Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings 1 for selected occupations studied on an area basis in Atlanta, G a ., by industry division, April 1956)

Table A-1: Office Occupations - Continued

Average NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF-

S ex , o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s try d iv is io nNumber $ $ 9 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ S 1$ S $ 9 s s $ $ $ s t

ofworkers Weeklyhours

Weeklyearnings

3 0 .0 0and

3 5 .0 0 4 0 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 175.00 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0.0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 a 00 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5.00(Standard) (Standard) u n d e r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - an d

3 5 .0 0 4 0 .0 0 45 . 00 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 A n. o n 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0.0 0 1 1 5.0 0 1 2 0.0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 . 0 0 j o v e r

W o m e n - C o n tin u e d*

1

T y p is t s , c la s s A __ __ ______ _____ 4 2 9 3 9 .0 5 3 .5 0 - _ 65 98 106 75 36 29 6 7 1 3 3 - - - - - _ - - -M a n u fa ctu r in g __ __ __ _____ _ 42 5 9 .5 6 4 .0 0 - - - 4 1 9 7 11 5 5 - - - - - - - - - - - -N on m a n u fa ctu r in g _____________________ 387 3 9 .0 5 2 .5 0 - - 65 94 105 66 29 18 1 2 1 3 3 - - - - - - - - -

P u b lic u t i l i t ie s * ___________________ 59 3 7 .0 5 3 .5 0 - - 13 18 10 7 6 1 - - - 1 3 - - - - - - - - -W h o le s a le t r a d e 91 4 0 .0 5 6 .0 0 _ 6 8 36 23 9 4 _ 2 1 2 _ _ _ . _ _ _R e ta il t r a d e _ _ 28 4 0 .5 5 8 .0 0 _ 1 4 4 6 3 9 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _F in a n ce * * ___________________________ 1 9 9 3 9 .0 4 9 .5 0 - - 45 64 5 5 20 11 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

T y p is ts , c la s s B -------------------------------------------- 1 ,2 0 6 3 9 .5 4 7 .0 0 3 2 2 46 9 367 232 6 6 4 0 7 _ - - - - _ - - - - - - - -M a n u fa ctu r in g ________________________ 1^5 4 6 .0 6 1 . 0 0 - - 19 53 60 25 18 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Nonmanufacturing 1, 031 3 9 .5 4 6 .0 0 3 22 4 5 0 314 172 41 22 7 _ . _ _ - - . _ . - _ - -

P u b lic u t i l i t ie s * ___________________ 51 3 8 .5 5 1 .0 0 8 10 19 11 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -W h olesale trade 21 3 3 9 .5 4 9 .0 0 _ 38 77 72 21 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ - - -Retail trade 144 4 0 .5 4 6 .5 0 3 1 61 37 29 2 11 _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ - _F in a n ce * * ________________ ____ 530 3 9 .0 4 4 .5 0 2 1 291 168 4 0 7 3 - " - - - - - - - -

________ i 1 Hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. * Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities.* * Finance, insurance, and real estate.

Table A-2: Professional and Technical Occupations(Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings 1 for selected occupations studied on an area basis

in Atlanta, G a ., by industry division, April 1956)

Sex, o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s tr y d iv is io n Numberofworkers

Average NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF

Weeklyhours


(Standard)

94 0 .0 0

andu n d e r4 5 .0 0

$4 5 .0 0

5 0 .0 0

$5 0 .0 0

5 5 .0 0

$5 5 .0 0

6 0 .0 0

$6 0 .0 0

6 5 .0 0

96 5 .0 0

7 0 .0 0

$7 0 .0 0

7 5 .0 0

$7 5 .0 0

8 0 .0 0

$8 0 .0 0

8 5 .0 0

$8 5 .0 0

9 0 .0 0

$9 0 .0 0

9 5 .0 0

Is9 5 .0 0

100. 00

s100 .00

105 .00

$1 0 5 .0 0

1 1 0 .0 0

s1 1 0 .0 0

11 5 .0 0

$1 1 5 .0 0

1 2 0 .0 0

%1 20 .00

1 2 5 .0 0

%12 5 .0 0

1 3 0 .0 0

$130 .00

1 3 5 .00

$1 35 .00

1 40 .00

s14 0 .0 0

1 4 5 .00

l1 4 5 .0 0

ando v e r

M e n *D ra fts m e n , l e a d e r ------------------------------ 59 4 0 .0 1 3 8 .5 0 . . _ _ - - - - - - - - - 3 6 - 10 9 1 3 3 a 24

M a n u f a c t u r in g ----------------------------------- 4 7 4 0 .0 1 4 3 .0 0 - - - - * - - * - - 1 - 9 $ - --------T~ 3 22

D ra fts m e n , s e n i o r ---------------------------------------- 273 4 0 .0 9 6 .0 0 - - _ - 3 6 3 4 37 24 58 28 30 37 2 4 13 4 1 . _ 1M a n u fa c t u r in g ------------------------------------------- 176 4 0 . 0 9 6 .0 0 . - - - . 2 2 - 23 l 4 48 13 28 2o 18 6 2 - - _ _ .N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g -------------------------------- 97 3 9 .5 9 5 .5 0 - - - - 3 4 1 4 14 10 10 15 2 17 6 7 2 1 - - - 1

D ra fts m e n , ju n io r ---------------------------------------- 184 3 9 .5 6 9 .5 0 4 7 21 20 17 25 17 20 30 14 3 6 - - - . . _ . _ _ j1M a n u fa c t u r in g ------------------------------------------ 97 4 0 .0 " T O T 4 - 6 3 12 13 14 18 21 6 - - - - - - - - - - ------ - 1! 1 N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ----------------------------------- 87 3 9 .0 6 7 . 50 - 7 15 17 5 12 3 2 9 8 3 6 - - - - - - - : -

W o m e n1

N u r s e s , in d u s tr ia l ( r e g i s t e r e d ) --------------- 62 4 0 .0 7 8 .5 0 . _ 1 2 5 12 7 3 7 6 18 . 1 - . - - _ - - i _M a n u fa c t u r in g -------------------------------------- 46 4 0 .0 8 0 .0 0 * 1 * r ~ 8 5 2 4 5 18 " " * 1

Hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours.Workers were distributed as follows: 16 at $145 to $160; 4 at $160 to $175; 4 at $175 and over.

O ccupational W age Survey, Atlanta, Ga. , A p ril 1956U .S . D EPA RTM E N T OF LABO R

Bureau o f L abor Statistics


9(Average hourly earnings 1 for men in selected occupations studied on an area basis in Atlanta, G a ., by industry division, April 1956)

Table A-3: Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations

O cc u p a t io n a n d in d u s t r y d iv is io n Numberofworkers

Averagehourly

earnings

NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF

Undex$0 .9 0

0 .9 0and

91 .0 0

1 .1 0

$1 .1 0

1 .2 0

$1 .2 0

1 .3 0

$1 .3 0

1 .4 0

91 .4 0

1 .5 0

91 .5 0

1 .6 0

$1 .6 0

1 .7 0

$1 .7 0

1 .8 0

91 .8 0

1 r 90

91 .9 0

? . o o

$2 .0 0

2 t 10

$2 .1 0

2 ,2 0

2 .2 0

? 30

S2 .3 0

2 .4 0

$2 .4 0

2 ,5 0

92 .5 0

2 ,6 0

92 .6 0

j&*70

ir_ t t - t " 5 4 - 3 5

1 Includes data for s e rv ices in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.2 Includes data for real estate and serv ices in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.3 Unduplicated total o f w orkers receiv ing sick leave or sickness and accident insurance shown separately below , t Less than 2 .5 percen t.* Transportation (excluding ra ilroa ds), com m unication, and other public u tilities.** Finance, insurance, and rea l estate . Occupational Wage Survey, Atlanta, G a ., A pril 1956

U .S . DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Bureau of Labor Statistics


Appendix: Job Descriptions 19

The prim ary purpose o f preparing job descrip tion s fo r the B ureau 's wage surveys is to a s s is t its fie ld staff in class ify ing into appropriate occupations w ork ers who are em ployed under a va rie ty of p ayroll titles and d ifferent w ork arrangem ents from establishm ent to establishm ent and from area to a rea . This is essentia l in order to p erm it the grouping o f occupational wage rates representing com parable job content. B ecause o f this em phasis on inter establishm ent and in terarea com parability o f occupational content, the B ureau 's job descrip tion s m ay d iffe r s ig n ificantly from those in use in individual establishm ents o r those prepared fo r other p u rp oses . In applying these job descrip tion s, the B ureau 's fie ld representatives a re instructed to exclude w ork ing su p erv iso rs , apprentices, lea rn ers , beg inners, tra in ees, handicapped w ork ers , p a rt-t im e , tem p ora ry , and probationary w ork ers .

O f f i c e

BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE O PERATOR - ContinuedB ILL E R , MACHINE

P rep a res statem ents, b ills , and invoices on a m achine other than an ord in ary or e le ctrom a tic typew riter. May a lso keep re cord s as to b illings o r shipping ch arges or p erform other c le r ic a l w ork in cidenta l to b illing op era tion s . F or wage study p u rp oses, b il le r s , m ach in e , a re c la s s ifie d by type o f m achine, as fo llow s:

B ille r , m achine (billing m ach ine) - Uses a sp ecia l billing m achine (M oon H opkins, E lliott F ish er, B urroughs, e t c . , which a re com bination typing and adding m achines) to p repare b ills and in vo ices from cu s to m e rs ' purchase o rd ers , internally prepared o r d e r s , shipping m em oranda, etc. Usually involves application o f p redeterm ined d iscounts and shipping charges and entry of n e ce ssa ry exten sion s, w hich m ay o r m ay not be com puted on the b illing m ach in e , and totals which are autom atically accum ulated by m ach in e . The operation usually involves a large num ber of carbon cop ies of the b ill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold m ach ine.

B ille r , m achine (bookkeeping m ach ine) - Uses a bookkeeping m achine (Sundstrand, E llio tt F ish er, Remington Rand, e tc . , which m ay o r m ay not have typew riter keyboard) to prepare cu sto m e rs ' b ills as part of the accounts rece ivab le operation. G enerally involves the sim ultaneous entry of figures on cu sto m e rs ' ledger r e co rd . The m achine autom atically accum ulates figures on a num ber o f v e r t ica l colum ns and com putes and usually prints autom a tica lly the debit o r cre d it ba lances. Does not involve a know ledge o f bookkeeping. W orks from uniform and standard types o f sa les and cre d it s lip s .

BOOKKEEPING-M ACHINE O PERATOR

O perates a bookkeeping m achine (Remington Rand, E lliott F ish e r , Sundstrand, B urrou gh s, National Cash R egister, with o r w ithout a typew riter keyboard) to keep a re co rd o f business transactions.

C lass A - Keeps a set o f re co rd s requ iring a knowledge o f and experien ce in b a sic bookkeeping prin cip les and fam iliarity with the structure o f the p articu lar accounting system used. D eterm ines p rop er re co rd s and d istribution o f debit and cred it item s to be used in each phase of the w ork . May prep are consolidated rep orts , balance sh eets, and other re co rd s by hand.

C lass B - Keeps a re co rd o f one or m ore phases or sections of a set of re co rd s usually requ iring little knowledge of basic book keeping. Phases o r sections include accounts payable, p ayroll, cu s to m e rs ' accounts (not including a s im ple type o f b illing described under b il le r , m ach ine), co s t d istribution , expense distribution, in ventory con tro l, e tc . M ay check or a ss is t in preparation o f tria l balances and p repare con tro l sheets fo r the accounting departm ent.

CLERK , ACCOUNTINGC lass A - Under general d irection o f a bookkeeper or a ccou nt

ant, has resp on sib ility fo r keeping one or m ore sections of a c o m plete set o f books or re co rd s relating to one phase o f an estab lish m en t's business tran sactions . W ork involves posting and balancing su bsid iary ledger o r led gers such as accounts rece ivab le o r a c counts payable; exam ining and coding in voices or vouchers with p rop er accounting distribution ; requ ires judgm ent and experience in making p rop er assignations and a llo ca tion s . May a ss is t in p reparin g , adjusting, and c losin g journal entries; m ay d irect cla ss B accounting c le rk s .

C lass B - Under su perv ision , p erform s one or m ore routine accounting operations such as posting sim ple journal vou chers , accounts payable vou ch ers ; entering vouchers in voucher reg is te rs ; re con cilin g bank accounts; posting subsid iary ledgers con trolled by general le d g e rs . This job does not requ ire a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping prin cip les but is found in o ffices in which the m ore routine accounting w ork is subdivided on a fu n ctional basis am ong sev era l w ork ers .


20

CLERK, FILE

C lass A - R espon sib le fo r m aintaining an established filing system . C la ss ifie s and indexes corresp on d en ce or other m ateria l; m ay a lso file this m ateria l. M ay keep re co rd s o f various types in conjunction with file s o r su perv ise others in filing and locating m ateria l in the f i le s . M ay p erform incidental c le r ic a l duties.

C lass B - P erfo rm s routine filin g , usually o f m ateria l that has a lready been c la ss ifie d , or locates o r a ss is ts in locating m a ter ia l in the f i le s . M ay p erform incidental c le r ic a l duties.

CLERK,- ORDER

R ece ives cu sto m e rs ' o rd ers fo r m ateria l o r m erchandise by m ail, phone, o r person a lly . Duties involve any com bination o f the fo llow in g : Quoting p r ice s to cu stom ers ; m aking out an ord er sheetlisting the item s to m ake up the o rd er ; checking p r ice s and quantities o f item s on ord er sheet; distributing o rd er sheets to resp ective d e partm ents to be fille d . May ch eck with cred it departm ent to d e te r mine cred it rating o f cu stom er, acknow ledge rece ip t o f o rd ers from cu stom ers , fo llow up o rd ers to see that they have been filled , keep file of o rd ers re ce iv ed , and ch eck shipping in voices with orig ina l o rd e rs .

CLERK, P A Y R O LL

Computes wages o f com pany em ployees and enters the n e c e s sary data on the p a yro ll sheets. Duties involve: C alculating w o rk e rs ' earnings based on tim e or production re co rd s ; posting ca lcu lated data on p ayro ll sheet, showing in form ation such as w ork er 's nam e, w orking days, tim e, rate, deductions fo r insurance, and total w ages due. M ay make out paychecks and a ss is t paym aster in making up and d is tributing pay en velopes. M ay use a calcu lating m achine.

COM PTOM ETER OPERATOR

P rim a ry duty is to operate a C om ptom eter to p er fo rm m athem atical com putations. This job is not to be confused with that o f statistica l or other type o f c le rk , which m ay involve frequent use o f a C om ptom eter but, in which, use o f this m achine is incidental to p erform an ce o f other duties.

DUPLICATING-M ACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO)

Under general su perv ision and with no su p erv isory resp on s ib ilit ies , reprodu ces m ultiple cop ies of typew ritten or handwritten m atter, using a m im eograph or ditto m ach ine. Makes n ecessa ry ad justm ent such as fo r ink and paper feed counter and cy linder speed . Is not requ ired to p repare sten cil or ditto m a ster . M ay keep file o f used sten cils or ditto m a sters . M ay so rt, co lla te , and staple c o m pleted m ateria l.


KEY-PUNCH OPERATOR

Under general su perv ision and'w ith no su p erv iso ry r e sp o n s ib ilit ie s , record s accounting and sta tistica l data on tabulating cards by punching a se r ie s of holes in the cards in a sp ecified sequence, using an alphabetical o r a n u m erica l key-punch m ach ine, fo llow ing w ritten inform ation on re co rd s . M ay duplicate cards by using the duplicating device attached to m ach in e . K eeps file s o f punch ca rd s . May v e r ify own w ork or w ork o f o th ers .

OFFICE BOY OR GIRLP erform s various routine duties such as running erran d s,

operating m inor o ffice m achines such as sea le rs or m a ile r s , opening and distributing m a il, and other m in or c le r ic a l w ork .

SECRETARYP erform s se cre ta r ia l and c le r ic a l duties fo r a su p erior in an

adm inistrative or executive position . Duties include m aking appointm ents fo r su perior; rece iv in g peop le com ing into o ff ic e ; answ ering and making phone ca lls ; handling p erson a l and im portant o r c o n fidential m ail, and w riting routine co rresp on d en ce on own in itiative; taking dictation (where tran scrib in g m achine is not used) either in shorthand or by stenotype or s im ila r m ach ine, and tran scrib in g d icta tion o r the recorded inform ation reprodu ced on a tran scrib in g m ach ine. May p repare sp ecia l reports o r m em oranda fo r in form ation o f su p erio r .

STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL

P rim ary duty is to take dictation from one or m o re p e rso n s , either in shorthand o r by stenotype o r s im ila r m ach ine, involving a norm al routine vocabulary , and to tra n scr ib e this d ictation on a typew rite r . May a lso type from w ritten cop y . M ay a ls o set up and keep file s in ord er , keep sim ple r e c o r d s , e tc . D oes not include tran scrib in g -m ach in e w ork (see tra n scr ib in g -m a ch in e op era tor).

STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL

P rim ary duty is to take d ictation from one or m o re p erson s , either in shorthand or by stenotype o r s im ila r m ach ine, involving a varied techn ical o r sp ecia lized vocabu lary such as in lega l b r ie fs o r reports on scien tific resea rch and to tra n scr ib e this d ictation on a typew riter. M ay a lso type from w ritten cop y . M ay a lso set up and keep file s in o rd er, keep sim ple r e c o r d s , e tc . D oes not include tran scrib in g-m ach in e w ork .

SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR

Operates a s in g le - or m u ltip le -p os ition telephone sw itchboard . Duties involve handling incom ing, outgoing, and intraplant o r o ff ice c a lls . May re cord to ll ca lls and take m e ssa g e s . M ay give in fo r m ation to persons who ca ll in, o r o cca s io n a lly take telephone o rd e rs . F or w orkers who a lso act as recep tion ists see sw itchboard o p e ra to r - recep tion ist.


SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST

In addition to p erform in g duties o f operator, on a single p o s i tion o r m on itor -ty p e sw itchboard , acts as recep tion ist and m ay a lso type o r p e r fo rm routine c le r ic a l w ork as part o f regu lar duties. This typing o r c le r ic a l w ork m ay take the m a jor part of this w o rk e r s tim e w hile at sw itch board .

TABU LATIN G-M ACH IN E OPERATOR

O perates m ach ine that autom atically analyzes and translates in form ation punched in groups o f tabulating cards and prints tra n slated data on fo rm s or accounting re co rd s ; sets or adjusts m achine; does s im ple w irin g o f p lugboards accord in g to established p ra ctice o r d iagram s; p la ces card s to be tabulated in feed m agazine and starts m ach in e . M ay file ca rd s a fter they are tabulated. M ay, in addition, operate au x ilia ry m a ch in es .

TRANSCRIBING-M ACHINE O PERATOR, GENERAL

P rim a ry duty is to tran scribe dictation involving a norm al routine vocabu lary fro m tran scrib in g m achine re co rd s . M ay a lso type from w ritten cop y and do sim ple c le r ic a l w ork . W orkers tran scr ib in g d ictation involving a varied techn ical or sp ecia lized vocabu la ry such as lega l b r ie fs o r reports on scien tific re sea rch are not

P r o f e s s i o n a l

DRAFTSM AN , JUNIOR

(A ssistant draftsm an)

D raw s to s ca le units o r parts o f drawings prepared by d ra fts m an or others fo r engin eerin g , construction , or m anufacturing p u r p o s e s . U ses variou s types o f drafting tools as requ ired . M ay p r e pare draw ings from sim p le plans or sketches, or p erform other duties under d irect ion o f a draftsm an.

DRAFTSM AN , LEA D E R

Plans and d ire cts activ ities o f one or m o re draftsm en in preparation o f w orking plans and detail drawings from rough or p r e lim in ary sketches fo r engineering, construction , o r m anufacturing p u rp oses . Duties in volve a com bination of the fo llow in g : Interpreting b lu eprin ts, sk etch es, and w ritten or verba l ord ers ; determ ining w ork p roced u res ; assign ing duties to subordinates and inspecting their w ork; p erform in g m ore d ifficu lt p rob lem s. M ay a ss is t subordinates during


21

TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE O PERATO R, GENERAL - Continued

included. A w ork er who takes d ictation in shorthand or by stenotype or s im ila r m achine is c la ss ifie d as a stenographer, general.

TYPIST

U ses a typew riter to m ake cop ies of various m ateria l or to m ake out b ills a fter calcu lations have been m ade by another person . M ay do c le r ic a l w ork involving little sp ec ia l training, such as keeping sim ple r e c o r d s , filin g re co rd s and reports or sorting and d is tributing incom ing m a il.

C lass A - P e r fo rm s one or m ore o f the fo llow ing : Typingm ateria l in fina l form from v ery rough and involved draft; cop y ing from plain o r c o rre c te d copy in which there is a frequent and varied use o f tech n ica l and unusual w ords or from fo re ig n - language copy; com bining m ateria l from sev era l sou rces , or planning layout o f com plica ted sta tistica l tables to maintain uniform ity and balance in spacing; typing tables from rough draft in final fo rm . M ay type routine form le tte rs , varying details to suit c ircu m sta n ces .

C lass B - P e r fo rm s one o r m ore o f the fo llow ing: Typingfrom re la tive ly c lea r o r typed dra fts; routine typing o f fo rm s, insurance p o lic ie s , e t c . ; setting up sim p le standard tabulations, or copying m ore com p lex tables a lready set up and spaced prop erly .

a n d T e c h n i c a l

DRAFTSM AN, LEADER - Continued

em ergen cies o r as a regu lar assignm ent, or p erfo rm related duties o f a su p erv isory or adm inistrative nature.

DRAFTSM AN, SENIOR

P rep a res w orking plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches fo r engineering, construction , or m anufacturing p u rp oses . Duties involve a com bination o f the fo llow ing: P reparin g w orking p lans, detail draw ings, m aps, c r o s s -s e c t io n s , e tc ., to sca le by use o f drafting instrum ents; m aking engineering com putations such as those involved in strength of m a ter ia ls , beam s and tru sses ; verify in g com pleted w ork , checking d im ensions, m ateria ls to be used, and quantities; w riting sp ecifica tion s ; making adjustm ents o r changes in drawings or sp ec ifica tion s . M ay ink in lines and letters on pen cil draw ings, p rep a re detail units o f com plete drawings, or tra ce draw ings. W ork is frequently in a sp ecia lized fie ld such as a rch itectu ra l, e le c tr ica l, m ech an ica l, o r structural drafting.


22

NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED)

A reg is tered nurse who gives nursing se rv ice to il l or in jured em ployees o r other person s who becom e i l l or su ffer an accident on the p rem ises o f a fa cto ry o r other establishm ent. Duties involve a com bination o f the fo llow in g : Giving f ir s t aid to the il l or in jured;attending to subsequent d ress in g o f em p loyees ' in ju ries ; keeping r e co rd s of patients treated; preparing acciden t reports fo r com pensation o r other pu rposes; conducting ph ysica l exam inations and health evaluations of applicants and em ployees ; and planning and carry in g out p rogram s involving health education, acciden t prevention , evaluation of plant

NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) - Continued

environm ent, or other a ctiv ities a ffectin g the health, w e lfa re , and safety of all person nel.

TRACER

Copies plans and draw ings p repared by oth ers, by p lacing tracing cloth or paper over draw ing and tracin g with pen o r p en cil. Uses T -sq u a re , com p ass, and other drafting to o ls . M ay p rep a re sim ple drawings and do sim ple le tterin g .

M a i n t e n a n c e a n d P o w e r p l a n t

CARPEN TER, MAINTENANCE

P erfo rm s the carpentry duties n e ce ssa ry to con stru ct and maintain in good rep a ir building w oodw ork and equipment such as b ins, c r ib s , cou n ters , ben ches, partition s, d o o rs , f lo o r s , s ta irs , casin gs, and trim m ade o f w ood in an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost o f the fo llow in g : Planning and laying out o f w ork from blueprints, d raw ings, m od e ls , or verb a l instructions; using a variety o f ca rp en ter 's handtools, portable pow er too ls , and standard m easuring instrum ents; making standard shop com putations relating to d im ensions o f w ork ; selecting m ateria ls n e ce ssa ry fo r the w ork . In general, the w ork o f the m aintenance carpen ter requ ires rounded training and exp erien ce usually acqu ired through a fo rm a l apprenticesh ip or equivalent tra in ing and exp erien ce .

ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE

P e rfo rm s a variety o f e le c tr ica l trade functions such as the installation, m aintenance, or rep a ir o f equipment fo r the generating, distribution, or u tilization o f e le c tr ic energy in an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost o f the fo llow in g : Installing or repairing any o fa variety o f e le c tr ica l equipment such as gen era tors , tra n sfo rm ers , sw itchboards, c o n tro lle rs , c ircu it b rea k ers , m otors , heating units, conduit system s, or other tran sm ission equipment; w orking from b lu eprints, draw ings, layout, or other sp ecifica tion s ; locating and d iag nosing trouble in the e le c tr ica l system or equipment; w orking standard com putations relating to load requ irem ents o f w iring o r e le c tr ica l equipment; using a variety o f e le c tr ic ia n 's handtools and m easuring and testing instrum ents. In gen era l, the w ork of the m aintenance e lectr ic ia n requ ires rounded training and experien ce usually a c quired through a fo rm a l apprenticesh ip or equivalent training and experience.

ENGINEER, STATIONARY

Operates and maintains and m ay a lso su p erv ise the operation o f stationary engines and equipment (m echan ica l or e le c t r ica l) to sup ply the establishm ent in which em ployed with p ow er, heat, r e fr ig e r a tion, or a ir-cond ition in g . W ork in vo lves : Operating and m aintaining equipment such as steam engines, a ir c o m p r e s s o r s , gen era tors , m o to rs , turbines, ventilating and re fr ig era tin g equipm ent, steam b o ile rs and b o ile r -fe d water pum ps; m aking equipm ent re p a irs ; keeping a re co rd o f operation of m ach inery , tem pera tu re , and fuel con su m ption. M ay a lso supervise these op era tion s . Head o r ch ie f engineers in establishm ents em ploying m o re than one~~engineer a re e x c lu d e ? !

FIREM AN? STATIONARY BOILER

F ires stationary b o ile rs to fu rn ish the establishm ent in which em ployed with heat, pow er, or steam . F eeds fuels to f ir e by hand o r operates a m echanical stoker, gas, or o il burner; ch ecks w ater and sa fety va lves. M ay clean , o il , o r a s s is t in repa iring b o ile r - room equipment.

H E LPE R, TRADES, MAINTENANCE

A ssists one or m ore w ork ers in the sk illed m aintenance trades, by perform ing sp ecific o r gen era l duties o f le s s e r sk ill, such as keeping a w orker supplied with m a teria ls and too ls ; clean ing w ork ing area , m achine, and equipm ent; a ss is tin g w ork er by holding m a teria ls o r tools; perform ing other unskilled tasks as d irected by jo u r neym an. The kind o f w ork the h elper is perm itted to p er fo rm va ries from trade to trade: In som e trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding m ateria ls and too ls and cleaning w orking a rea s ; and in others he is perm itted to p er fo rm sp ecia lized m achine operations, o r parts o f a trade that a re a lso p erform ed by w ork ers on a fu ll-tim e basis .


MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM

S p ecia lizes in the operation of one or m ore types of m achine to o ls , such as jig b o r e r s , cy lin d rica l or surface g rin d ers , engine lathes, o r m illin g m ach ines in the construction of m ach ine-shop too ls , gauges, jig s , fix tu res , or d ie s . W ork involves m ost o f the fo llow in g : Planning and p erform in g d ifficu lt m achining operations; p ro ce ss in g item s requ iring com p lica ted setups or a high degree o f a ccu ra cy ; using a va riety o f p re c is io n m easuring instrum ents; se lecting feed s , sp eed s , tooling and operation sequence; making n e ce ssa ry ad ju stm ents during operation to ach ieve requ isite tolerances or d im ensions. M ay be requ ired to re cog n ize when tools need dressin g , to d ress too ls , and to se le c t p rop er coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils . F o r c ro s s -in d u s try w age study p u rp o se s , m ach in e-too l op e ra to rs , too lroom , in too l and die jobbing shops are excluded from this c la ss ifica tion .

MACHINIST, M AINTENANCE

P rod u ces rep lacem ent parts and new parts in making rep a irs o f m eta l parts o f m ech an ica l equipment operated in an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost o f the follow ing: Interpreting w ritten in s tru c tions and sp ec ifica tion s ; planning and laying out of w ork; using a v a rie ty of m a ch in is ts handtoois and p rec is ion m easuring instrum ents; setting up and operating standard m achine tools; shaping of m etal parts to c lo s e to le ra n ces ; m aking standard shop com putations re la t ing to d im ensions o f w ork , tooling, feeds and speeds o f m achining; knowledge o f the w orking p rop erties o f the com m on m eta ls ; se lectin g standard m a ter ia ls , p a rts , and equipment required fo r his work; fitting and a ssem blin g parts into m echan ica l equipment. In general, the m a ch in ist s w ork n orm ally requ ires a rounded training in m ach in e- shop p ra ctice usually acqu ired through a form al apprenticesh ip or equivalent training and ex p erien ce .

MECHANIC, AUTOM OTIVE (MAINTENANCE)

R epairs au tom ob iles , buses, m otortru cks, and tra ctors of an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost o f the fo llow in g : E xam in in g / autom otive equipm ent to diagnose sou rce o f trouble; d isassem blin g equipm ent and p erform in g rep a irs that involve the use of such hand- too ls as w ren ch es , gauges, d r il ls , or specia lized equipm ent in d is assem blin g o r fitting parts ; rep lacing broken or defective parts from stock ; grinding and adjusting va lves; reassem bling and installing the variou s a sse m b lie s in the veh icle and making n ecessa ry adjustm ents; alin ing w h eels , adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body b o lts . In general, the w ork o f the autom otive m echanic requ ires rounded training and exp erien ce usually acquired through a fo rm a l app ren tice ship o r equivalent training and experien ce .


23

MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE

R epairs m ach inery or m echan ica l equipm ent o f an establish ment. W ork involves m ost o f the fo llow in g : Exam ining m achinesand m echan ica l equipment to diagnose sou rce o f trouble; dism antling or partly dism antling m achines and perform in g repa irs that m ainly involve the use of handtoois in scrap ing and fitting parts; replacing broken o r d efective parts with item s obtained from stock ; ordering the production o f a rep lacem ent part by a m achine shop or sending of the m achine to a m achine shop fo r m a jor rep a irs ; preparing written specifica tion s fo r m a jor repairs or fo r the production o f parts ordered from m achine shop; reassem blin g m ach ines; and making a ll n ecessa ry adjustm ents fo r operation . In general, the w ork o f a maintenance m echanic requ ires rounded training and exp erien ce usually acquired through a form a l apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. E xcluded from this c la ss ifica tion are w ork ers whose p rim ary duties involve setting up or adjusting m ach ines.

MILLW RIGHT

Installs new m achines or heavy equipment and dism antles and installs m achines or heavy equipm ent when changes in the plant lay out a re requ ired . W ork involves m ost o f the fo llow in g : Planning and laying out o f the w ork; interpreting blueprints o r other specifica tions; using a variety o f handtoois and rigging; m aking standard shop co m putations relating to s tre s s e s , strength o f m a ter ia ls , and centers of gravity; alining and balancing o f equipm ent; se lectin g standard too ls , equipm ent, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good ord er pow er tran sm ission equipment such as drives and speed r e du cers . In general, the m illw r ig h ts w ork n orm ally requ ires a rounded training and experien ce in the trade acqu ired through a form al apprenticesh ip o r equivalent training and exp erien ce .

OILER

L ubrica tes , with o il or g rea se , the m oving parts or wearing su rfaces o f m echan ica l equipment o f an establishm ent.

PAIN TER, MAINTENANCE

Paints and red ecora tes w a lls , w oodw ork , and fixtures of an establishm ent. W ork involves the fo llow ing: Knowledge o f surfacepecu lia rities and types of paint requ ired fo r d ifferent applications; preparing su rface fo r painting by rem oving old fin ish or by placing putty o r f i l le r in nail holes and in terst ice s ; applying paint with spray gun o r brush . M ay m ix c o lo r s , o ils , white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain prop er c o lo r o r con sisten cy . In general, the w ork o f the m aintenance painter requ ires rounded training and ex p erien ce usually acqu ired through a form a l apprenticesh ip or equivalent training and exp erien ce .


24

P IP E F IT T E R , MAINTENANCE

Installs or rep a irs w ater, steam , g a s , o r other types o f pipe and pipefittings in an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost o f the fo l low ing: Laying out o f w ork and m easuring to locate position o f pipe from drawings o r other w ritten sp ecifica tion s ; cutting variou s s izes o f pipe to c o r r e c t lengths with ch ise l and ham m er or oxyacetylene torch or p ipe-cu tting m achine; threading pipe with stocks and d ies ; bending pipe by hand-driven or p ow er-d r iv en m ach ines; assem bling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop com putations relating to p re s s u re s , flow , and s ize o f pipe r e quired; making standard tests to determ ine whether fin ished p ipes m eet sp ec ifica tion s . In gen era l, the w ork o f the m aintenance p ipefitter requ ires rounded training and experien ce usually acqu ired through a form al apprenticesh ip or equivalent training and exp erien ce . W orkers p r im a rily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating system s are exclu ded .

PLU M BE R, MAINTENANCE

K eeps the plumbing system o f an establishm ent in good o rd e r . W ork in vo lves: Knowledge o f sanitary codes regarding installation o f vents and traps in plumbing system ; installing or repairing pipes and fix tu res; opening clogged drains with a plunger or p lu m b er s snake. In gen era l, the w ork o f the m aintenance p lum ber requ ires rounded training and experien ce usually acqu ired through a form a l a p pren tice ship or equivalent training and exp erien ce .

SH E E T-M E TA L W ORKER, MAINTENANCE

F a b r ica te s , in sta lls , and m aintains in good rep a ir the sheet- m etal equipm ent and fixtures (such as m achine guards, g rea se pans, sh e lves , lo c k e r s , tanks, ven tila tors , chutes, ducts, m etal roofing) o f an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost o f the fo llow in g : Planning

SH E ET-M E TA L WORKER, M AINTENANCE - Continued

and laying out a ll types o f sh eet-m eta l m aintenance w ork from b lu ep rin ts , m od els , or other sp ec ifica tion s ; setting up and operating a ll available types o f sh eet-m eta l-w ork in g m ach in es; using a variety o f handtools in cutting, bending, fo rm in g , shaping, fitting, and a s s e m bling; installing sheet-m eta l a r t ic le s as requ ired . In g en era l, the w ork o f the m aintenance sh eet-m eta l w ork er req u ires rounded training and experience usually acqu ired through a form a l apprenticesh ip or equivalent training and ex p erien ce .

TOOL AND DIE MAKER

(D iem aker; jig m aker; too lm ak er; fixture m ak er; gauge m aker)

Constructs and rep a irs m a ch in e -sh op to o ls , gau ges, j i g s , f ix tures o r dies fo r fo rg in gs , punching and other m eta l-fo rm in g w ork . W ork involves m ost o f the fo llow in g : Planning and laying out o f w ork from m od e ls , b lueprints, draw ings, or other ora l and w ritten s p e c if ica tions; using a variety o f tool and die m a k e r s handtools and p re c is io n m easuring instrum ents; understanding o f the w orking p rop ertie s o f com m on m etals and a lloys; setting up and operating o f m achine too ls and related equipment; making n e ce ssa ry shop com putations relating to dim ensions o f w ork , speeds, fe e d s , and tooling o f m ach in es; h eat- treating of m etal parts during fabrica tion as w ell as o f fin ished too ls and d ies to achieve requ ired qu a lities; w orking to c lo s e to le ra n ces ; fitting and assem bling of parts to p re s c r ib e d to le ra n ces and a llow an ces; selecting appropriate m a te r ia ls , to o ls , and p r o c e s s e s . In gen era l, the tool and die m a k e r s w ork req u ires a rounded training in m ach ine-shop and too lroom p ra ctice usually a cq u ired through a form a l apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex p erien ce .

F or cross -in d u stry wage study p u rp oses , too l and die m ak ers in too l and die jobbing shops a re exclu ded from this c la ss ifica tio n .

C u s t o d i a l a n d M a t e r i a l M o v e m e n t

ELEVATOR O PE R A TO R , PASSENGER

T ransports p assen gers betw een flo o rs o f an o ffice building, apartm ent h ouse , departm ent s to re , hotel o r s im ila r establishm ent. W orkers who operate e levators in conjunction with other duties such as those o f sta rters and jan itors are excluded .

GUARD

P e r fo rm s routine p o lice duties, either at fixed post o r on tou r, m aintaining o rd e r , using arm s or fo r ce w here n e ce ssa ry . Includes gatem en who are stationed at gate and ch eck on identity o f em ployees and other p erson s en tering .

JANITOR, P O R TE R , OR CLEANER

(Sw eeper; charwom an; ja n itre ss )

Cleans and keeps in an o rd e r ly condition fa cto ry w orking areas and w ashroom s, or p re m ise s o f an o ff ic e , apartm ent h ouse , or com m ercia l o r other establishm ent. Duties involve a com bination o f the fo llow ing: Sweeping, m opping x scru bb in g , and polish ing f lo o r s ; rem oving ch ips, trash , and other re fu se ; dusting equipm ent, fu rn iture, o r fix tures; polishing m etal fix tu res or trim m in gs; p rovid ing supplies and m inor m aintenance s e r v ic e s ; cleaning la v a to r ie s , sh ow ers , and re s tro o m s . W orkers who sp ecia lize in window washing are excluded .


LAB O R ER , M A TE R IA L HANDLING

(L oader and un loader; handler and stacker; sh e lver ; tru ck er; stockm an or stock h e lp er; warehousem an or w arehouse h elper)

A w ork er em ployed in a w arehouse, m anufacturing plant, s to re , o r other establishm ent whose duties involve one o r m o re o f the fo llow in g : Loading and unloading various m ateria ls and m erch a n - d ise on or from fre igh t c a r s , trucks, o r other transporting d ev ices ; unpacking, shelv ing, o r p lacing m ateria ls or m erchandise in p rop er storage location ; transporting m ateria ls o r m erchandise by hand truck , c a r , o r w h eelbarrow . L ongshorem en , who load and unload ships a re excluded .

ORDER F IL L E R

(O rder p ick e r ; s tock s e le c to r ; warehouse stockm an)

F ills shipping o r tran sfer ord ers fo r finished goods from stored m erch an d ise in a cco rd a n ce with specifications on sa les s lip s , cu stom ers* o r d e r s , o r other instructions. May, in addition to fillin g ord ers and indicating item s fille d o r om itted, keep re co rd s o f ou tgoing o r d e r s , requ isition additional stock , o r report short supplies to su p e rv iso r , and p e r fo rm other related duties.

PA C K E R , SHIPPING

P re p a re s fin ished products fo r shipment or storage by p lacing them in shipping con ta in ers , the sp ec ific operations p erform ed being dependent upon the type, s iz e , and num ber of units to be packed, the type o f container em ployed , and method o f shipment. W ork requ ires the p lacing of item s in shipping containers and m ay involve one o r m ore o f the fo llow in g : Know ledge o f various item s o f stock in o rd er to v e r ify content; se le c t io n o f appropriate type and s ize o f container; inserting en closu res in con ta iner; using e x ce ls io r or other m ateria l to prevent breakage o r dam age; c los in g and sealing container; applying labels o r entering identifying data on container. P ack ers who a lso m ake w ooden boxes o r cra tes a re excluded.

SHIPPING AND RECEIVING C LE R K

P rep a res m erch an d ise fo r shipm ent, or re ce iv es and is r e sponsib le fo r in com ing shipm ent o f m erchandise or other m a ter ia ls . Shipping w ork in v o lv e s : A knowledge of shipping p roced u res , p r a c t ic e s , rou tes, ava ilab le m eans o f transportation and rates ; and p r e paring re co rd s o f the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, p o s t ing w eight and shipping ch a rg es , and keeping a file of shipping re c o r d s . M ay d ire ct o r a s s is t in preparin g the m erchandise fo r shipm ent. R ece iv in g w ork in vo lves : V erify ing or d irecting others in verify in gthe c o r re c tn e s s o l shipm ents against b ills o f lading, in v o ices , or


25

SHIPPING AND RECEIVING C LE RK - Continued

other re co rd s ; checking fo r shortages and re jectin g damaged goods; routing m erch an d ise or m ateria ls to p rop er departm ents; maintaining n e ce ssa ry re co rd s and f i le s .

F or w age study p u rp oses , w ork ers are c la ss ifie d as fo llow s;

R eceiv in g c le rk Shipping c le rkShipping and rece iv in g c le rk

TRUCKDRIVER

D rives a truck within a c ity or industrial a rea to transport m a ter ia ls , m erch an d ise , equipm ent, or m en betw een various types o f establishm ents such as; M anufacturing plants, fre igh t depots, w a re h ouses, w holesa le and reta il establishm ents, o r betw een reta il estab lishm ents and custom ers* houses or p la ces o f bu sin ess. May a lso load o r unload truck with or without h e lp ers , m ake m inor m echanical re p a irs , and keep tru ck in good w orking o rd e r . D r iv e r -sa le sm e n and o v e r -th e -ro a d d r iv e rs a re excluded .

F o r wage study p u rp oses , tru ck d rivers a re c la ss ified by s ize and type of equipm ent, as fo llow s ; (T ra c to r -tra ile r should be rated on the basis o f tra ile r c a p a c ity .)

T ru ck d river (com bination o f s izes listed separately)T ru ck d river , light (under 1 i /z tons)T ru ck d river , m edium (IV2 to ancTTncluding 4 tons) T ru ck d riv er , heavy (over 4 tons, tra ile r type)T ru ck d riv er , heavy (over 4 tons, other than "tra iler type)

TRUCKER, POW ER

Operates a m anually con tro lled gaso lin e - o r e le c tr ic -p ow ered truck or tra ctor to transport goods and m ateria ls o f a ll kinds about a w arehouse, m anufacturing plant, o r other establishm ent.

F or wage study p u rp oses , w ork ers a re c la ss ifie d by type o f truck , as fo llow s ;

T ru ck er, pow er (fork lift)T ru ck er, pow er (other than fork lift)

WATCHMAN

M akes rounds o f p rem ises p e r io d ica lly in protecting property against f ir e , theft, and illeg a l entry.

U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1956 O -391880


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