bls_1188-3_1956.pdf

Occupational Wage Survey

MILWAUKEE, WISCONSINNOVEMBER 1955

BLS Bulletin No. 1188-3

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clagua, Commissionar

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Occupational Wage Survey

MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN

NOVEMBER 1955

Bulletin No. 1188-3

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Ewan C lag w , Commissioner

F ebruary 1956

for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. - Price

Contents Page

In trod u ction ---------------------------------------------------------Wage trends fo r se lected occupational groups

Tables:

1 Establishments and workers within scope of survey---------------------------------------------- -2. Indexes o f standard weekly sa la ries fo r o ffice c le r ic a l and average stra ight-tim e

hou rly earnings for selected plant occupational grou ps, and p ercen t o f in crease fo r se le c ted p e r io d s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A : O ccupational earn in gs* -A - 1: O ffice occupations _______________________________________________________________A - 2: P ro fess ion a l and technical occupations ______________________________________ A - 3: M aintenance and powerplant o ccu p a t io n s_______________________________________A - 4: C ustodial and m aterial-m ovem ent occupations __________________ -____________

B: E stablishm ent p ra ctices and supplem entary wage p rov is ion s * -B - l : Shift d ifferentia l p r o v is io n s _________________________________B -2 : M inim um entrance rates for w om en o ffice w ork ers ______B -3 : Scheduled w eekly hours _____________________ ;________________B -4 : Paid h o lid a y s _________________________________________________B -5 : P aid vacations ________________________________________________B -6 : H ealth, insurance, and pension p la n s ______________________

13

2

3

578 9

111213131416

Appendix: Job descrip tion s 17

* NOTE: S im ilar tabulations o f these item s are available in the M ilwaukee area reports forM arch 1952, A p r il 1953, and A pril 1954. The 1954 rep ort a lso p rov ides tabulations o f wage structu re ch a ra cte r is t ics , labor-m an agem ent agreem en ts, and overtim e pay p ra c t ice s . A d ir e c to ry indicating date of study and the p r ice o f the re p o rts , as w ell as reports fo r other m ajor a re a s , is available upon request.

C urrent rep orts on occupational earnings and supplem entary wage p ra ctices in the Milwaukee area are a lso available for m achinery industries (D ecem ber 1955), pow er laundries and dry cleaners (June 1955), and o ffice building se rv ice (A pril 1955). Union s ca le s , indicative of prevailing pay le v e ls , a re available for the follow ing trades or industries: Building con stru ction , printing, loca l transit operating em p loyees, and m otortru ck d r iv e rs .

I11Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Occupational Wage Survey - Milwaukee, Wis.

Introduction

The M ilw aukee a rea is one o f severa l im portant industrial cen ters in w hich the B ureau o f Labor Statistics has conducted surveys o f occu pation a l earn ings and related wage benefits on an areaw ide basiso In each a rea , data are obtained by person a l v is its o f B ureau fie ld agents to rep resen ta tive establishm ents within s ix broad industry d iv is ion s : M anufacturing; transportation (excluding ra ilro a d s ), com m un ication , and other public u tilities ; w holesale trade; reta il trade; finance, in su ran ce , and re a l estate; and s e r v ic e s . M ajor industry groups e x cluded fro m these stu d ies, b es id es ra ilroa d s , are governm ent o p e ra tions and the con stru ction and extractive in du stries . E stablishm ents having few er than a p re s c r ib e d num ber o f w ork ers are om itted a lso becau se they fu rn ish in su fficien t em ploym ent in the occupations studied to w arrant in c lu s io n .* 1 W herever p oss ib le , separate tabulations a re p rov id ed fo r each o f the b road industry d iv is ion s.

T hese su rveys a re conducted on a sam ple basis becau se o f the u n n ecessa ry co s t in volved in surveying all e stab lish m en ts, and to insure prom pt publication o f r e su lts . To obtain appropriate a ccu ra cy at m in im um c o s t , a g rea te r p rop ortion o f large than of sm all establishm ents is studied . In com bining the data, how ever, a ll establishm ents are given th eir appropria te w eight. E stim ates based on the establishm ents studied are presen ted , th e re fo re , as relating to a ll establishm ents in the industry grouping and a rea , 2 except for those below the m inim um s ize studied .O ccupations and E arnings

The occu p ation s se lected for study are com m on to a variety o f m anufacturing and nonm anufacturing in du stries . O ccupational c la s s i f i cation is based on a un iform set o f job descrip tion s designed to take account o f in terestab lishm ent variation in duties within the sam e job (see appendix fo r lis tin g o f these d escr ip tion s). E arnings data are p resen ted (in the A -s e r ie s tab les) for the follow ing types o f o ccu p a tions: (a) O ffice c le r ic a l ; (b) p ro fess ion a l and tech n ica l; (c ) m aintenance and pow erplant; and (d) custod ial and m ateria l m ovem ent.

Data are shown fo r fu ll-tim e w ork ers , i . e . , those h ired to w ork a regu lar w eek ly schedule in the given occupational c la ss ifica tio n . E arnings data exclu de prem ium pay for overtim e and for w ork on w eekends, h olidays, and late sh ifts . N onproduction bonuses are e x cluded a lso , but c o s t -o f - l iv in g bonuses and incentive earnings are in cluded . W here w eek ly hours are reported , as fo r o ff ice c le r ic a l o c cupations. r e fe re n ce is to the w ork schedules (rounded to the n earest half hour) fo r w hich stra igh t-tim e sa laries are paid; average w eek ly earn ings fo r these occupations have been rounded to the n earest half d o lla r .

* This re p o rt w as p repared in the Bureau*s reg ion a l o ff ice in C hicago, 111. , by W oodrow C . Linn, under the d irection o f G eorge E . V otava, R egion a l W age and Industrial R elations A nalyst.

1 See table 1 fo r m in im u m -size establishm ent co v e re d .The tabulation o f m inim um entrance rates fo r w om en o ff ice

w ork ers re la tes on ly to p rov is ion s in establishm ents studied.

O ccupational em ploym ent estim ates rep resen t the total in a ll establishm ents within the scop e o f the study and not the num ber actually su rveyed . B ecause o f d iffe ren ces in occupational structure among e s tab lish m en ts, the estim ates o f occupational em ploym ent obtained from the sam ple o f establishm ents studied serve on ly to indicate the relative im portan ce o f the job s studied. These d iffe ren ces in occupational structure do not m a teria lly a ffect the a ccu ra cy o f the earnings data.

E stablishm ent P r a c t ic e s and Supplem entary Wage P rov is ion s

Inform ation is presen ted a lso (in the B -s e r ie s tab les) on s e le c ted establishm ent p ra c tice s and supplem entary benefits as they relate to o ff ic e and plant w o rk e rs . The te rm "o f f ic e w ork ers , " as used in this bu lletin , includes a ll o ff ic e c le r ic a l em ployees and excludes adm in istra tiv e , execu tive , p ro fess ion a l, and tech n ica l p erson n el. "P lant w o rk e rs " include w orking forem en and a ll n onsuperv isory w ork ers (in cluding leadm en and tra in ees) engaged in n on office functions. A dm in istra tive , execu tive , p ro fe ss ion a l, and tech n ica l em p loyees , and fo r c e - account con stru ction em p loyees who are u tilized as a separate w ork fo r c e are exclu ded . C a feteria w ork ers and routem en a re excluded in m anufacturing in d u stries , but are included as plant w ork ers in nonm anufacturing in d u stries .

Shift d ifferen tia l data (table B - l ) are lim ited to m anufacturing in d u str ies . This in form ation is presen ted both in term s o f (a) estab lishm ent p o licy , 3 presen ted in term s o f total plant w orker em ploym ent, and (b) e ffe c t iv e p ra c tice , presen ted on the b a s is o f w ork ers actually em ployed on the sp ec ified shift at the tim e o f the su rvey . In e sta b lishm ents having va ried d ifferen tia ls , the amount applying to a m ajority was used o r , if no amount applied to a m a jor ity , the c la ss ifica tion "o th e r " w as used .

M inim um entrance rates (table B -2 ) rela te only to the estab lishm ents v is ited . They are presen ted on an establishm ent, rather than on an em ploym ent b a s is . Scheduled h ours; paid holidays; paid vaca tion s ; and health, insurance, and pension plans are treated sta tist ica lly on the ba sis that these are app licable to a ll plant or o ffice w ork ers i f a m a jor ity o f such w ork ers are e lig ib le or m ay eventually qualify fo r the p ra ctice s l i s t e d .4 B ecause o f rounding, sums o f individual item s in these tabulations do not n e ce ssa r ily equal tota ls.

The sum m ary o f vacation plans is lim ited to form a l arran gem ents, excluding in form al plans w hereby tim e o ff with pay is granted at the d is cre t io n o f the em p loyer . Separate estim ates are provided

3 An establishm ent was con s id ered as having a p o licy if it m eteither o f the follow ing cond itions: ( l ) O perated late shifts at the tim eo f the su rvey , or (2) had form a l p rov is ion s coverin g late sh ifts .

4 Scheduled w eekly hours fo r o ff ic e w ork ers (firs t section o f table B -3 ) are p resen ted in term s o f the proportion o f wom en o ffice w ork ers em ployed in o ff ic e s with the indicated w eekly hours for wom en w o rk e rs .

1Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

2accord in g to em p loyer p ra ctice in com puting vacation paym ents, such as tim e paym ents, percent o f annual earn in gs, or fla t-su m am ounts. H ow ever, in the tabulations o f vacation a llow ances by y ea rs o f s e rv ice , paym ents not on a tim e basis w ere con verted ; fo r exam ple , a paym ent o f 2 percent o f annual earnings was con s id ered as the equivalent o f 1 w eek rs pay.

Data are presented fo r a ll health, in su ran ce , and pension plans fo r which at lea st a part o f the cost is borne by the em p loyer , excepting only lega l requ irem en ts such as w ork m en ^ com pensation and socia l secu rity . Such plans include those underw ritten by a co m m e rc ia l insurance com pany and those prov ided through a union fund o r paid d ire ct ly by the em p loyer out o f cu rren t operating funds o r fro m a fund set aside for this p u rp ose . Death benefits are included as a fo rm o f life insurance.

S ickness and acciden t insurance is lim ited to that type o f in surance under w hich predeterm in ed cash paym ents a re made d ire ct ly to the insured on a w eekly o r m onthly b a s is during illn ess or acciden t d isab ility . In form ation is p resen ted fo r a ll such plans to w hich the em ployer con tribu tes . H ow ever, inN ew Y ork and New J e rse y , which have enacted tem pora ry d isab ility insurance law s w hich req u ire e m p loyer contributions, 5 plans a re included only i f the em p loyer ( l ) co n tributes m ore than is leg a lly req u ired , or (2) p rov id es the em ployee

with ben efits which exceed the req u irem en ts o f the law . Tabulations o f paid s ick leave plans are lim ited to fo rm a l plans w hich prov ide fu ll pay or a proportion o f the w orker*s pay during absen ce fro m w ork becau se o f illn ess . Separate tabulations a re p rov id ed a ccord in g to ( l ) plans which provide full pay and no w aiting p er iod , and (2) plans provid ing either partia l pay or a w aiting p e r io d . In addition to the p resentation o f the proportion s o f w o rk e rs who are p rov id ed sick n ess and accid en t insurance or paid s ick lea v e , an unduplicated total is shown o f w ork ers who re ce iv e either o r both types o f ben efit.

Catastrophe insurance, som etim es r e fe r r e d to as extended m ed ica l insurance, includes those plans w hich are design ed to p ro te ct em p loyees in case o f sickness and in jury involving expen ses beyond the n orm al cov era g e o f hosp italization , m e d ica l, and su rg ica l p lan s. M edica l insurance re fe rs to plans provid ing fo r com plete o r partia l paym ent o f d octors* fe e s . Such plans m ay be underw ritten by co m m e rc ia l in surance com panies or nonprofit organ iza tion s o r they m ay be s e lf - in su red . Tabulations o f retirem en t pension plans a re lim ited to those plans that provide m onthly paym ents fo r the rem ain d er o f the w ork er *s l i fe .

5 The tem porary d isability law s in C a liforn ia and Rhode Island do not req u ire em ployer con tributions.

Table 1: Establishments and w orkers within scope o f survey and number studied in Milwaukee, W is ., 1 by major industry division, Novem ber 1955

Industry division

Minimumsize

establishment

in scope of study 2

Number o f establishments W orkers in establishments

Within scope of

studyStudied

Within scope of study Studied

T ota l3 Office Plant T ota l3

All divisions _____ ____ ________ _________ 51 732 177 241,500 39,000 172,400 157,320

Manufacturing __ ___ _ __ __ _ 51 367 86 169,200 22,500 126,200 112,890Nonmanufacturing _________________________ _________ - 365 91 72,300 16,500 46,200 44,430

Transportation (excluding railroads),communication, and other public u tilities4 _____ 51 42 17 16,900 3,900 10,900 14,500

Wholesale trade 51 72 18 8,700 ( ) (*) 4,070Retail trade ________________________________________ 51 141 26 29,800

3Wage Trends fo r S elected O ccupational Groups

Tabulated be low are indexes of sa laries o f w om en o ff ic e c l e r i ca l w o rk e rs , and o f average earnings o f se lected plant w orker grou ps.

F o r o ff ic e c le r ic a l w ork ers , the indexes relate to average w eek ly sa la r ie s fo r n orm al hours o f w ork , that is , the standard w ork schedule fo r which stra igh t-tim e sa laries are paid. F o r plant w orker g rou p s, the indexes m easu re changes in stra ight-tim e hourly earn ings, excluding p rem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h o lid ays, and late sh ifts . The indexes are based on data fo r se le cted key occupations and include m ost o f the n um erica lly im portant jobs within each group . E ighteen jobs w ere included in the o ff ice c le r ic a l index; 10 sk illed m aintenance jobs and 3 unskilled jobs w ere included in the plant w ork er in d exes . See footnotes to table 2.

A verage w eekly sa la r ies or average hourly earnings w ere com puted fo r each o f the se le cted occu p ation s. The average sa la ries o r h ou rly earnings w ere then m ultiplied by the average o f 1953 and 1954 em ploym ent in the job . These weighted earnings fo r individual occu pation s w ere then added to obtain an aggregate fo r each o c c u pational grou p . F in a lly , the ratio o f these group aggregates fo r a g iven yea r to the aggregate fo r the base year (1953) was com puted and the resu lt m ultip lied by the base year index (100) to get the index fo r the given y e a r .

The indexes m easu re p rin cip a lly the e ffects o f ( l ) general sa la ry and wage changes; (2) m erit o r other in creases in pay r e ce iv ed by individual w ork ers while in the sam e job ; and (3) labor turnover or fo r c e expansion or reduction . A fo rce expansion m ight in cre a se the p rop ortion o f low er paid w ork ers in a sp ec ific o c c u pation and resu lt in a drop in the index, w hereas a reduction in the p rop ortion o f low er paid w ork ers would have the opposite e ffect. The indexes are a lso a ffected by shifts in the proportion o f w orkers e m p loyed by establishm ents with d ifferen t pay le v e ls . F or exam ple, the m ovem ent o f a high-paying establishm ent out o f an area cou ld cause the index to d rop , even though no change in rates o ccu rre d in other a rea estab lish m en ts.

The use o f constant em ploym ent weights elim inates the e ffects o f changes in the p rop ortion o f w ork ers rep resen ted in each job in cluded in the index. N or are the indexes in fluenced by changes in standard w ork schedules or in prem ium pay fo r overtim e , since they are based on pay fo r stra igh t-tim e hours .

Indexes fo r the p er iod 1952 to 1955 fo r w orkers in 17 m a jor labor m ark ets , appeared in BLS B ull. 1172, Wages and R elated B en efits , 17 L abor M arkets , 1954-55.

Table 2: Indexes of standard weekly salaries for office c le r ic a l1 and average stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings for selected plant occupational groups 2in M ilw aukee, W is . , A pril 1954 and N ovem ber 1955 and percent of in crease for selected periods

Industry and occupational group

Indexes(A pril 1953 = 100) P ercent in creases from

N ovem ber1955

A pril1954

A p ril 1954 to

N ovem ber 1955

A p ril 1953 to

A p ril 1954

M arch 1952 to

A pril 1953

M arch 1952 to

Novem ber 1955

A ll in du stries:O ffice c le rica l (women) ______________________________ 110. 1 104. 5 5. 3 4 .5 6. 5 1 7 .2Skilled m aintenance (m e n )____________________________ 1 1 3 .0 105. 9 6. 7 5 .9 7. 4 2 1 .3U nskilled plant ( m e n )______ _________ _______________ 111. 1 104. 6 6 .2 4 . 6 9 .9 22 . 1

M anuf ac tur in g :O ffice c le rica l (women) ______________________________ 1 1 2 .6 105. 5 6. 7 5. 5 6. 8 2 0 .3Skilled m aintenance (m e n )____________________________ 113. 6 106. 3 6 .9 6. 3 6. 8 2 1 .3U nskilled plant ( m e n )_________________________________ 1 1 3 .6 105. 8 7. 4 5. 8 1 0 .4 2 5 .4

1 B ased on data for the following jobs: 2 Based on data for the following jobs:

O ffice c lerica l (women):B i lle r s , m achine (billing machine)B ookkeeping-m achine operators, class A and BC om ptom eter operatorsC le r k s , f ile , c lass A and BC ler k s , orderC ler k s , payrollK ey-punch operatorsO ffice girlsS ecretariesStenograph ers, general Sw itchboard operators Switchboard operator-receptionists Tabulating-m achine operators T ran scrib in g -m ach in e operators, general T y p ists , c la ss A and B

Skilled m aintenance (m en):CarpentersE lectrician sM achinistsM echanicsM ech an ics, automotive M illw rights Painters P ip efitters S h eet-m eta l w orkers T ool and die m akers

U nskilled plant (m en):J anitors, p o rters , and cleaners L a b o re rs , m aterial handling W atchm en


A: Occupational Earnings 5

Tab le A -l: O ffice O ccupations(A v era g e s tra ig h t-t im e w eek ly h ou rs and earn in gs 1 f o r s e le c t e d o ccu p a tio n s stu d ied on an a r e a b a s is

in M ilw a u k ee , W is . , by in d u stry d iv is io n , N o v e m b e r 1955)

Average NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIM E W EEKLY EARNINGS OF

S ex , o c cu p a t io n , and in d u s try d iv is io n Numberofworkers

Weeklyhours

Weeklyearnings

U nder$

$3 5 .0

$40. 00

$4 5 .0 0

$5 0 .0 0

$55. 00

$6 0 .0 0

$6 5 .0 0

$7 0 .0 0

$7 5 .0 0

$8 0 .0 0

$8 5 .0 0

$9 0 .0 0

$9 5 .0 0

$100.00

$ioaoo

$110.00

$115.00

(Standard) (Standard) 3 5 .0 0 under - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - and4 0 .0 0 45, 00_ 5 0 .0 0 .5 5 .0 0 60, 00 6fL_0(L 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 80. 00 8 5 .0 0 -90,00-. 9 5 .0 0 1Q1L.QQ. 1Q5JHL 11Q.QQ 11 ti.no o v e r

M en$

C le r k s , a c co u n t in g , c la s s A ___________________________ _ 388 4 0 .0 8 7 .0 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 17 15 44 76 104 39 40 27 11 3 9M a n u fa c tu r in g --------------------------------------------------------------------- 314 4 0 .0 8 9 .0 0 _ - - - - - 3 4 11 28 55 90 38 39 26 11 3 r ~N on m an u factu rin g _______________________________________ 74 4 0 .0 8 0 .0 0 - - - - - - 13 4 16 21 14 1 1 1 - - 3

C le r k s , a c co u n t in g , c la s s B ___________________________ _ 101 4 0 .0 7 1 .5 0 _ _ _ _ 3 9 26 17 6 19 4 13 1 1 2 _ _ _M a n u fa c tu r in g _____________________________________________ 70 4 0 .0 71 .0 0 - - - - 3 8 17 10 6 10 2 13 1 - - - - -

C le r k s , o r d e r ------------------------------------------------ ----------------------- 171 4 0 .0 7 6 .5 0 _ _ . . 2 15 15 24 27 25 33 4 7 3 16 . _ _M a n u factu rin g _ _ 101 4 0 .0 ' 7 9 .5 0 _ - _ _ _ 6 ~ 14 4 15 20 13 3 7 3 16 _ _ _No n m anu fac tu rin g _______________________________________ 70 4 0 .0 72. 50 - - - - 2 9 1 20 12 5 20 1 - - - * - -

C le r k s , p a y r o l l ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 104 4 0 .0 75 .0 0 _ _ 1 6 11 20 2 6 10 15 18 9 4 1 _ _ 1

O ff ic e b o y s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 204 39. 5 46. 50 6 37 68 19 24 32 14 4M a n u fa c tu r in g _______________________________ ___________ 155 4 0 .0 4 7 .0 0 6 28 50 14 12 27 14 4 - - - - - - - - - -

T a b u la t in g -m a ch in e o p e r a to r s _________________________ _ 171 4 0 .0 8 2 .0 0 _ _ _ 3 2 4 9 22 13 19 32 19 15 18 3 _ 10 2M a n u fa ctu r in g 118 4 0 .0 8 2 .0 0 1 2 4 18 9 9 26 18 12 16 1 2

W om en

B i l l e r s , m a ch in e (b illin g m a ch in e ) ____________________ _ 187 3 9 .5 5 4 .5 0 _ _ 9 56 71 17 9 12 _ 4 _ _ 9 _ _M a n u fa c tu r in g _____________________________________________ 85 4 0 .0 60 .0 0 _ _ 2 15 27 9 7 12 _ 4 _ _ 9 _ _ _ _ _N on m a n u fa ctu r in g ................ 102 3 9 .5 5 0 .0 0 - - 7 41 44 8 2 - - - - - - - - - - -

B o o k k e e p in g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s A _____________ 128 3 9 .5 66 .0 0 _ _ 2 1 7 23 21 30 22 17 5 _ _ _ _ _M an u factu rin g _ __ . . .. 78 3 9 .5 69. 50 - - - - 2 8 9 20 17 17 5 - - - - - - -

B o o k k e e p in g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s B 437 3 9 -5 5 4 .5 0 _ 3 52 73 142 35 86 24 12 1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _M a n u fa c tu r in g _____________________________________________ 189 4 0 .0 57 .0 0 _ - 8 12 63 29 58 13 4 1 1 - - _ _ - _ -N nnm anufar tu rin g ... 248 3 9 .5 5 2 .5 0 3 44 61 79 6 28 11 8 8

C le r k s , a c co u n t in g , c la s s A ______________________________ 361 3 9 .5 6 9 .5 0 _ _ _ _ 22 53 58 66 46 39 45 10 5 14 1 2 _M a n u fa c tu r in g _____________________________________________ 178 4 0 .0 7 2 .0 0 - - _ - - 15 28 43 14 29 38 3 4 2 1 1 _ _N on m a n u fa ctu r in g _______________________________________ 183 3 9 .0 6 7 .5 0 - - - - 22 38 30 23 32 10 7 7 1 12 - 1 - -

C le r k s , a c co u n t in g , c la s s B ______________________________ 997 3 9 .5 5 6 .0 0 _ 24 91 161 165 213 171 78 50 23 16 4 1 _ _ _ _ _M a n u fa c tu r in g _____________________________________________ 437 4 0 .0 5 9 .0 0 - - 22 67 57 114 78 38 17 23 16 4 1 - - - -N on m a n u fa ctu r in g _ .............. . 560 3 9 .5 54 .0 0 24 69 94 108 99 93 40 33 _ _ _

C le r k s , f i l e , c la s s A _______________________________________ 110 39. 5 58 .5 0 _ _ 7 8 25 28 22 10 5 5 _ _ _ _ _M a n u fa c tu r in g _____________________________________________ 79 4 0 .0 6 0 .5 0 - - - 4 18 19 20 9 4 - 5 - - - - - - -

C le r k s , f i l e , c la s s B _______________________________________ 825 3 9 .5 4 6 .5 0 8 123 322 136 88 71 73 4 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .M a n u fa c tu r in g _____________________________________________ 408 4 0 .0 51 .5 0 _ 15 100 88 83 45 73 4 _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _N on m an u factu rin g _______________________________________ 417 39. 5 4 2 .5 0 8 108 222 48 5 26 - - - - - - - - - - - -

C le rk s , o r d e r 257 4 0 .0 5 6 .0 0 _ 6 44 40 38 32 39 15 30 9 4 _ _ _ _ _ _M a n u fa c tu r in g _____________________________________________ 140 4 0 .0 56. 50 _ 3 20 19 23 23 20 13 10 5 4 - - - - - - -N on m an u factu rin g ------------------------------------------------------------ 117 39. 5 56 .0 0 - 3 24 21 15 9 19 2 20 4 - - - - - - - -

C le rk s , p a y r o l l _______________________________________________ 666 4 0 .0 5 9 .5 0 _ 1 18 55 168 140 110 70 29 47 17 8 3 _ _ _ _M a n u fa c tu r in g _____________________________________________ 455 4 0 .0 59. 50 - - 8 41 135 85 65 53 18 36 7 7 - - - - _ -N on m an u factu rin g ------------------------------------------------------------ 211 3 9 .5 6 0 .00 1 10 14 33 55 45 17 11 11 10 1 3

S ee foo tn o te at end o f ta b le . O ccu p a tion a l W age S u rv ey , M ilw au k ee , W is. , N ov em b er 1955 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T OF L A B O R

B u rea u o f L a b o r S ta tis tics


6(A v e ra g e s t r a ig h t -t im e w eek ly h ou rs and ea rn in gs 1 f o r s e le c t e d occu p a tion s stu d ied on an a re a b a s is in M ilw a u k ee , W is. , by in d u stry d iv is io n , N ovem b er 1955)

Table A-1: Office Occupations - Continued

Avebagx NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF

S ex, o ccu p a tio n , and in d u stry d iv is io n Numberof Weekly Weekly U nder$35. 00

$4 0 .0 0

$4 5 .0 0

$5 0 .0 0

$5 5 .0 0

$60 .00

$6 5 .0 0

$7 0 .0 0

$7 5 .0 0

$80. 00

$8 5 .0 0

$90. 00

$95.00

$100.00

$105.00

$110.00

$115.00

hours earnings $ and(Standard) (Standard) 3 5 .0 0 u nder4 0 .0 0

" - " - - - - - -4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 65 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 o v e r

W om en - C on tinued$55. 50C om p tom eter o p e ra to rs _______________________________ 732 39. 5 _ 24 49 112 183 132 119 63 32 18 _ _ _ _ _

M a n u fa ctu r in g ________________________________________ 381 4 0 .0 5 7 .0 0 - - 28 64 75 68 67 38 31 10 - - - - - - - -351 3 9 .0 5 3 .5 0 24 21 48 108 64 52 25 1 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _

D u p lica tin g -m a ch in e o p e r a to r s (m im e o g ra p h o rd i t to )_______________________________________________ ____ 163 39. 5 53. 50 - 7 27 24 32 15 58 - - - - - - - - - - -

M a n u fa ctu r in g___________________________________ _____ 110 4 0 .0 57. 50 - 2 5 12 19 15 57 - - - - - - - - - -

K ey -p u n ch o p e ra to rs ------------------------------------------------------ 547 3 9. 5 5 5 .0 0 _ 12 107 53 107 75 92 62 27 7 5 _ _ _ _ . _M a n u fa ctu r in g________________________________________ 326 4 0 .0 5 9 .0 0 - - 26 15 75 54 79 43 26 7 1 - - - - - - -

O ffic e g ir ls ______________________________________________ 202 39 . 5 43 . 50 4 44 97 28 13 5 11 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _M a n u fa ctu r in g -------------------------------------------------------------- 92 4 0 .0 4 7 . 50 - 9 35 21 11 5 11 - - - - - - - - - - -

110 3 9 .0 4 0 . 50 4 35 62 7 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

S e c r e ta r ie s ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 ,3 6 2 3 9 .5 7 4 .5 0 _ _ _ 12 73 72 178 195 173 190 167 128 89 26 22 2 24 11M a n u fa ctu r in g ________________________________________ 39. 5 77. 50 - - - 2 5 24 83 96 124 120 113 83 54 20 18 - 13 11N onm anufacturing ___________________________________ 596 3 9 .0 70. 50 - - - 10 68 48 95 99 49 70 54 45 35 6 4 2 11 -

S ten og ra p h ers , g en era l --------------------- ----------------------- 1 ,9 7 8 39. 5 58. 50 2 23 60 222 360 466 365 286 116 62 13 2 1 _ _ _ _ .M a n u fa ctu r in g_________________________________________ __ 1 ,2 2 0 4 0 .0 6 1 .0 0 - - 18 84 182 304 268 209 96 44 12 2 1 - - - - -N onm anufacturing ___________________________________ 758 3 9 .0 5 5 .0 0 2 23 42 138 178 162 97 77 20 18 1 - - - - - - -

P u b lic u tilit ies * _________________________________ 151 4 0 .0 6 0 .0 0 - - - 16 25 36 29 31 11 2 1 - - - - - -

S w itch boa rd o p e ra to rs --------------------------------------------------- 273 4 0 .0 5 3 .0 0 2 9 36 56 72 34 22 27 10 3 2 _ _ _ . _M a n u fa ctu r in g _________________________________________ __ 68 4 0 .0 6 4 .0 0 - - 1 1 13 6 10 25 7 3 2 - - - - - - -N onm anufacturing ------------------------------ -^--------------------- 20 5 40 . 0 4 9 .5 0 2 9 35 55 59 28 12 2 3 - - - - - - - - -

S w itch boa rd o p e r a to r -r e c e p t io n is t s _________________ 427 4 0 .0 5 6 .0 0 _ _ 18 116 73 73 62 61 10 9 1 3 1 _ _ _ _M a n u fa ctu r in g _________________________________________ 229 4 0 .0 5 9 .0 0 - - - 27 51 58 36 39 5 9 - 3 1 - - - _ _N onm anufacturing ___________________________________ 198 4 0 .0 52. 50 - - 18 89 22 15 26 22 5 - 1 ~ - - ~ - -

T a b u la tin g -m a ch in e o p e r a to r s ________________________ 142 39. 5 6 1 .5 0 _ _ _ 17 24 34 20 11 20 10 3 3 _ _ _ _ _ _M a n u fa ctu r in g ____________ __________________________ 72 4 0 .0 6 2 .0 0 - - - 13 13 12 6 6 13 3 3 3 - - - - - -N onm anufacturing ___________________________________ 70 3 9 .5 6 1 .0 0 - - - 4 11 22 14 5 7 7 - - - - - - -

T ra n scr ib in g -m a ch in e o p e r a to r s , g e n e r a l _________ 43 6 3 9 .0 5 3 .0 0 _ 12 103 36 84 102 60 34 4 _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _M a n u fa ctu r in g _________________________________________ 186 4 0 .0 5 8 .0 0 _ _ 4 13 44 55 45 20 4 - - - 1 - - _ _ _N onm anufacturing ___________________________________ 250 3 9 .0 49 . 50 - 12 99 23 40 47 15 14 - - - - - - - - -

T y p is ts , c la s s A _________________________________________ 661 4 0 .0 5 8 .0 0 _ _ 39 69 134 136 140 105 31 6 _ 1 _ _ _ . . .M a n u fa ctu r in g _________________________________________ 394 4 0 .0 6 2 .5 0 - - 1 7 36 90 117 105 31 6 - 1 - - - - - -N onm anufacturing .............. 267 3 9 .5 5 1 .0 0 - - 38 62 98 46 23 - - - - - - - - - -

T y p is ts , c la ss R _ _ _ _........ . 1 ,8 6 4 3 9 .5 48 . 50 7 140 457 477 438 252 78 15 _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _M anufacturin g .... ..................... ............ ......... . 948 4 0 .0 5 1 .0 0 - 24 99 267 339 143 64 12 - - - - - - - - - -N onm anufac tuning __ 916 3 9 .0 45 . 50 7 116 358 210 99 109 14 3 - - - - - - - - - -

P u b lic u tilit ies * _ .... _.. 118 4 0 .0 4 9 .0 0 27 47 21 16 7

1 H ours r e f le c t the w ork w eek f o r w h ich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e th e ir r e g u la r s t r a ig h t-t im e s a la r ie s and the ea rn in gs c o r re s p o n d to th ese w eek ly h o u r s . * T ra n sp orta tion (ex c lu d in g r a i lr o a d s ) , c o m m u n ica t io n , and o th er p u b lic u t ilit ie s .


7^(A verage s tra ig h t-t im e w e e k ly h ou rs and ea rn in gs 1 f o r s e le c t e d o ccu p a tio n s stud ied on an a re a b a s is in M ilw a u k ee , W is . , by in d u stry d iv is io n , N o v e m b e r 1955)

Table A-2: Professional qnd Technical Occupations

Average NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF

Number $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $S ex , o c cu p a t io n , and in d u stry d iv is io n ofworkers Weeklyhours

(Standard)

Weeklyearnings

(Standard)

U nder$5 5 .0 0

5 5 .0 0and

un d er6 0 .0 0 65. 00 70 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 90. 00 9 5 .00 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 n o . oo 1 1 5 .0 0 120 .00 125. 00 130 .00 135. 00

and60. 00 6 5 .0 0 70, 0Q 7 5 .0 0 80. 00 85. 00- 9Q..Q.Q, 95 . 00 100.00 1 0 5 .0 0 LLQ.Q& 115 . OQ 1 2 0 .0 0 1 7 5 . 0 0 130 .00 1 3 5 .Oil .,QV.r

M en

D ra ftsm e n , s e n io r 996 4 0 .0$98. 50 12 70 140 163 151 211 123 62 40 11 5 1 7

M a n u fa c tu r in g ______________________________________________ 950 4 0 .0 9 8 .5 0 - - 12 70 132 ' 111 - 142 2UI 117 54 58 11 4 1 7

D ra ftsm e n , ju n io r ___ ___ 374 4 0 .0 78 .0 0 8 8 15 31 81 95 42 33 40 19 2 _ _ _ _M a n u fa c tu r in g . _ ........................ .......... 1 4 4 4 0 .0 77 .50 8 6 15 31 78 86 41 30 31 16 2

' ' ' '

W om en

N u r s e s , in d u s tr ia l ( r e g is t e r e d ) 251 4 0 .0 73 .00 2 11 20 58 73 41 21 17 7 . ! . . . .M a n u fa ctu r in g 235 4 0 .0 73 .00 1 11 18 56 68 39 1 19 17 5 1

H ou rs r e f le c t the w ork w e e k f o r w h ich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e th e ir re g u la r s t r a ig h t-t im e s a la r ie s and the e a rn in g s c o r re s p o n d to th ese w eek ly h o u rs .

O ccu p a tion a l W age S u rv ey , M ilw aukee, W is. , N ov em b er 1955 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T OF L A B O R

B u rea u o f L a b or S ta tistics


8(Average hourly earnings 1 for men in selected occupations studied on an area basis in Milwaukee, W is. , by industry division, November 1955)

Table A-3: Maintenance apd Poyverplant Occupations

N U M BER OF WORKEBS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF

O ccu p ation and in d u stry d iv is io n Numberofworkers

Averagehourly

earningsU nder$1. 50

$1. 50 and

under 1. 60

$1 .6 0

1 .7 0

$1 .7 0

1 .8 0

$1 .8 0

1 ,9 0

$ 1. 90

2 .0 0

$2 .0 0

2. 10

$ 2. 10

2 .2 0

$ 2 .2 0

2 . 30

$ 2 .3 0

2 .4 0

$2 .4 0

2 . 50

$2 . 50

2 . 60

$2 . 60

2 . 70

$2 . 70

2 . 80

$2 . 80

2 . 90

$2 . 90

3 .0 0

$ 3 .0 0

3 . 10

$ 3. 10 and

o v e r

C a rp e n te rs , m ain ten an ce __ ------------------- __ 365$2 .3 5 1 3 18 45 52 57 70 19 21 41 14 5 11 8

M anufacturin g __ _______________________________ 240 2 . 32 - - - - 2 18 24 25 34 57 17 21 37 1 3 1 - -N onm anufacturing _______________________________ 125 2 .3 9 - " - 1 1 - 21 27 23 13 2 - 4 13 2 10 - 8

E le c t r ic ia n s , m ain ten an ce _ 1 ,0 6 4 2 .4 7 _ _ . . 40 42 70 113 149 142 220 61 51 123 14 26 13M a n u fa ctu r in g___ _______________________________ 854 2 .4 4 - - - - - 40 40 69 96 135 129 129 61 33 87 5 19 11

E n g in e e rs , s ta tion a ry __ .... ... 333 2 .3 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 46 39 77 38 41 51 6 1 _ _ .M a n u fa ctu r in g ____________________________________ 2^9 2 .3 8 - - - " - - 16 39 22 75 28 41 42 5 1 - - -

F ir e m e n , s ta tion a ry b o i l e r _______________________ 737 1 .9 8 42 37 46 67 97 I l l 110 64 23 58 3 79 . . . _ . _M a n u fa ctu r in g _____________________________ _____ 596 1 .9 9 42 31 13 55 91 107 60 52 23 40 3 79 - - - - - -

H e lp e rs , tra d e s , m a in te n a n c e ____________________ 513 1 .8 6 10 23 42 73 78 233 44 5 5 _ _ _ _ _ . _ _M a n u fa ctu r in g _____________ _______________________ 3 M 1 .8 3 9 23 42 71 33 141 43 4 - - - - - - - - - -

M a ch in e -to o l o p e r a t o r s , t o o lr o o m ______________ 606 2 .3 9 _ _ . . 6 73 61 87 87 85 84 65 37 15 6 .M anufacturin g _ ... ..... ......... 604 2 .3 9 - - - - - 6 73 61 85 87 85 84 65 37 15 6 - -

M a ch in is ts , m ain ten an ce ............ . 804 2 . 56 . _ _ . 19 13 13 65 65 173 129 42 15 265 3 2M a n u fa ctu r in g ------------------------------------------------------- 758 2 . 57 - - - - - 19 10 11 53 63 166 109 42 15 265 3 2 -

M e c h a n ic s , a u tom otive (m a in ten a n ce ) __________ 533 2. 25 _ _ _ 1 _ 17 86 139 87 156 12 4 . 31 . .M a n u fa ctu r in g ____________________________________ 140 2 . 35 - - - - - 7 8 15 49 22 5 3 - 31 _ _ _ _N onm anufacturing _______________________________ 393 2 .2 1 - - - 1 - 10 78 124 38 134 7 1 - - - - - _

P u b lic u tilit ie s * * _____________________________ 310 2 .2 3 - - - 1 - 4 70 88 10 131 5 1 - - - - - -

M e ch a n ics , m a in te n a n ce ___________________________ 889 2 .3 0 _ _ _ _ 19 35 67 108 235 176 52 161 27 9 _ _ _M anufacturing ________ _______________________ 853 2 . 31 - - - - 17 35 61 96 230 169 51 160 25 9 - - - -

M illw rig h ts ___________________________ ____________ 464 2. 30 _ _ _ _ 20 39 59 28 60 41 139 25 48 _ 5M a n u fa ctu r in g ____________________________________ 458 2 .3 0 - - - - 20 39 59 28 58 41 136 24 48 - 5 - - -

O ile r s __ _____ 438 2 .0 9 _ _ 17 24 37 140 75 11 15 2 104 13 _ _ _ _M anufacturin g ___________________________ _____ 429 2 .0 9 - - 17 24 37 140 70 7 15 2 104 13 - - - - - -

P a in te rs , m ain ten an ce _ __________ _ 219 2 .3 1 _ _ _ _ 11 16 11 43 40 17 7 11 59 4 _ .M a n u fa ctu r in g ____________________________________ 159 2 .2 9 - - - - 10 15 9 30 25 9 5 11 44 1 - - - -

P ip e f it te r s , m aintenance 313 2 . 37 _ _ 15 24 28 90 46 45 6 _ _ 58 _ 1M a n u fa ctu r in g ____________________________________ 7 M 2 .3 8 - - - - - 15 22 . 23 76 42 45 6 - 58 1 -

S h e e t -m e ta lw o r k e r s , m a in te n a n ce ______________ 125 2 .4 3 _ _ _ 1 5 9 12 13 21 12 14 17 5 16 _M a n u fa ctu r in g ____________________________________ 117 2 .4 4 - - - - 1 8 9 11 19 12 14 17 5 16 - - -

T o o l and die m a k ers .... _ . 1 ,5 3 5 2. 65 . _ 2 57 67 137 260 356 356 189 106 5M a n u fa ctu r in g ____________________________________ 1 ,5 3 3 2 . 65 - - - - - - - 2 55 67 137 260 356 356 189 To6 5 -

1 E x clu d es p re m iu m pay f o r o v e r t im e and fo r w ork on w eek en d s , h o lid a y s , and late s h ift s . O ccu p a t io n a l W age S u rv e y , M ilw a u k ee , W is . , N o v e m b e r 1955* T ra n sp orta tion (ex c lu d in g r a i lr o a d s ) , c o m m u n ica t io n , and o th er p u b lic u t il i t ie s . U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R

B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta t is tics


9(A vera ge h ou r ly e a rn in g s 1 fo r s e le c te d o ccu p a t io n s 2 stu d ied on an a re a b a s is in M ilw a u k ee , W is . , b y in d u stry d iv is io n , N o v e m b e r 1955)

Table A-4: Custodial and Mgterial-Movement Occupations

NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF

O ccu p a tio n and in d u s try d iv is io nNumber

ofworkers

Averagehourly

earnings^Jnder

0 .9 0

S .9 0and

under1 .0 0

! . 0 0

1 .1 0

1 .1 0

1 .2 0

$1 .2 0

1 .3 0

f . 30

1 .4 0

$1 .4 0

1 .5 0

$1 .5 0

1 .6 0

$ , 1 .6 0

1 .7 0

$1 .7 0

1 .8 0

$1 .8 0

1 .9 0

$1 .9 0

2 .0 0

2 .0 0

2 .1 0

$2 . 10

2 .2 0

$2 .2 0

2 .3 0

$ 2 .3 0

2 .4 0 is) J! O

O

$2 .5 0and

ov e r

E le v a to r o p e r a t o r s , p a s s e n g e r (m en ) 116$1 .34 14 56 8 1 24 13

E le v a to r o p e r a t o r s , p a s s e n g e r (w o m e n )_______ 177 1.03 3 38 33 72 19 10 2 _ _ _ 3 _ _ _ _ _ _N on m a n u fa ctu r in g 174 1.02 38 33 72 19 10 2 - - - - - - - - - - " -

G u a r d s _____________________________________________ _ 575 1.81 - 1 1 4 18 2 26 47 64 71 131 101 33 59 17 _ _ _M a n u factu rin g 555 1.82 - - - 3 14 - 24 42 63 69 131 101 -----J2T~------ 5 T r r ~ - -

J a n ito r s , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s (m e n )________ 2 .3 3 5 1.57 4 27 160 134 143 116 170 282 361 574 163 100 93 4 4M a n u fa ctu r in g _ ____ _ . 1 ,6 2 4 1.67 - 8 15 16 23 60 127 201 347 519 117 92 92 3 4 _ _N on m an u f a ctu r ing 711 1 .33 4 19 145 118 120 56 43 81 14 55 46 8 1 1 - - - -

J a n ito r s , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s (w om en ) 1 ,2 1 5 1 .25 22 87 181 455 71 39 37 89 24 206 _ _ 4 _ . _ . .M a n u factu rin g .. . _ ______ 528 1.48 - 29 34 46 30 35 37 84 24 205 _ _ 4 _ _ _ _ _N on m a n u fa ctu r in g ____________________________ 687 1. 08 22 58 147 409 41 4 - 5 - 1 - - - - - - - -

L a b o r e r s , m a te r ia l h an dling ..... _ ......... 4 ,0 8 2 1.86 2 43 41 31 117 207 155 162 524 513 391 479 349 262 162 6 632 6M a n u fa ctu r in g ___________________________________ 2 ,8 4 0 1.89 - - - - 16 152 - 124 135 490 480 341 296 46 16 100 6 632 6N on m a n u fa ctu r in g . _ ... 1 ,242 1.80 2 43 41 31 101 55 31 27 34 33 50 183 303 246 62 - - -

O rd e r f i l l e r s 1 ,679 1.90 - - 14 2 31 27 33 47 109 170 324 164 401 342 7 _ 8 _M a n u fa ctu r in g ... _ . . 765 1.86 - - - 15 18 11 10 38 145 270 97 33 128 - _ _ _N on m an u factu rin g 914 1.93 - - 14 2 16 9 22 37 71 25 54 67 368 214 7 - 8 -

P a c k e r s , sh ipping (m en ) _ . .... 1, 119 1.87 _ _ 4 9 3 10 27 85 129 151 178 126 127 156 97 13 4M a n u fa ctu r in g 959 1.87 - - - 9 - 10 27 77 100 139 170 126 57 136 91 13 4 _N on m a n u fa ctu r in g .............. . 160 1.89 - - 4 - 3 - - 8 29 12 8 - 70 20 6 - -

P a c k e r s , sh ipp in g (w o m e n ) 420 1.42 _ 2 97 15 28 71 7 76 53 5 22 26 _ 16 2 _ _ _M a n u fa ctu r in g _ ..... . .... . 332 1 .50 - - 32 10 28 71 5 69 50 2 21 26 - 16 2 - - -

R e c e iv in g c le r k s 367 1.92 _ _ _ _ 5 4 23 12 20 27 41 100 50 50 25 9 1 _M a n u fa ctu r in g ......... .......... 195 1 .94 - - - - - - - - 10 19 31 61 47 24 2 1 _ _N on m a n u fa ctu r in g ..... 172 1.88 - - - - 5 4 23 12 10 8 10 39 3 26 23 8 1 -

Shipping c le r k s 291 1 .95 _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 _ 27 25 22 87 28 16 30 22 2 6M a n u fa ctu r in g ... 188 1 .94 - - - - - - - - 26 25 21 59 20 16 4 12 - 5

Shipping and r e c e iv in g c le r k s 178 2 .0 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 14 12 9 45 22 26 12 21 . 10M an u factu rin g 130 2 .0 5 - - - - - - - 3 7 12 8 44 15 9 1 21 - 10

T r u c k d r iv e r s 4 . _ __ . _ 2 ,8 8 7 2 .1 2 10 16 52 41 23 70 140 118 133 692 1,499 93M a n u fa ctu r in g . _ ... _ 584 1.99 - - - - - - - 24 22 54 132 107 n o 39 3 - 93 _N on m a n u fa ctu r in g _ _ _. 2 ,3 0 3 2 .1 6 - - - - 10 16 52 17 1 16 8 11 23 653 1,496 - - -

P u b lic u t i l i t i e s * _____________________________ 1 ,469 2 .2 0 - - - - - - - - - 2 - 9 13 272 1,173 - - -

T r u c k d r iv e r s , ligh t (u n der l 1/?. to n s ) . 413 2 .01 _ _ _ _ 2 _ 3 23 _ 32 34 31 3 268 1 _ 16M an u factu rin g . .. 140 1.87 - - - - - - - 21 - 32 34 31 2 4 - - 16 -

T r u c k d r iv e r s , m ed iu m ( 1 V2 to andin clu d in g 4 to n s ) _ .... _ 1 .0 4 3 2 .0 4 _ _ _ _ 8 16 49 14 23 38 89 79 100 218 409 _ _

M a n u factu rin g 313 1.93 - - - - - - 3 22 22 89 70 78 26 3 - _ _N on m an u factu rin g 730 2 .0 9 - - - - 8 16 49 11 1 16 - 9 22 192 406 - - -

P u b lic u t ilit ie s * 472 2 .2 0 - - - - - - - - - 2 - 9 13 42 406 - - -

See fo o tn o te s at end o f table,, O ccu p a tion a l W age S u rv ey , M ilw au k ee , W is . , N ovem b er 1955* T ra n sp o rta t io n (ex c lu d in g r a i lr o a d s ) , co m m u n ica tion , and o th er p u b lic u t i li t ie s . U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F LA B O R

Bureau of Labor Statistics


10

Table A-4: Custodial and MaterialrMovement Occupations - Continued

(A v e ra g e h ou r ly e a rn in g s 1 fo r s e le c t e d o ccu p a t io n s 2 studied on an a re a b a s is in M ilw au k ee , W is . , by in d u stry d iv is io n , N ov em b er 1955)

O ccu p a tion and in d u stry d iv is io nNumber

ofworkers

Averagehourly

earnings

NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STI^AIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF

U nder$0 .9 0

$0 .9 0and

under1 .0 0

$1 .0 0

1 .1 0

$1 .1 0

1 .2 0

$1 .2 0

1 .3 0

$1 .3 0

1 .4 0

$1 .4 0

1 .5 0

$1 .5 0

1 .6 0

$1 .6 0

1 .7 0

$1 .7 0

1 .8 0

$1 .8 0

1 .9 0

$1 .9 0

2 .0 0

$2 .0 0

2 .1 0

$2 . 10

2 .2 0

$2 .2 0

2 .3 0

$2 .3 0

2 .4 0

$2 .4 0

2 .5 0

$2 .5 0ando v e r

T r u c k d r iv e r s 4 - C on tinuedT r u c k d r iv e r s , h eavy (o v e r 4 ton s , $

t r a i le r typ e ) 1 .001 2 .2 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * _ _ 13 8 6 .31 907 _ 36 _M an u factu rin g .... _ 61 2 .2 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 6 6 4 _ _ 36 _N on m an u factu rin g ..... 940 2 .2 2 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ _ 4 2 _ 27 907 _ - _

P u b lic u t i l i t ie s * 728 2 .2 2 - " - - - - - - - - - - 1 727 - - -

T r u c k d r iv e r s , h ea vy (o v e r 4 to n s ,o th er than t r a i le r typ e ) 410 2 .2 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 _ _ 4 _ 24 175 182 _ 21

N on m an u factu rin g 360 2 .1 9 - - - - - - - 4 - - 4 - ~ 170 182 - - -

T r u c k e r s , p o w e r ( fo r k l i ft )_____ 830 1 .9 5 8 10 9 8 31 88 97 229 182 69 36 2 37 24M a n u fa ctu r in g ___ 718 1 .9 4 - - - - - 10 7 7 30 88 97 229 159 28 - 2 37 24

T r u c k e r s , p o w e r (o th er than fo rk li f t ) 218 1 .9 4 10 9 35 52 66 5 8 1 26 6M a n u fa c tu r in g _________ ------ 1&5 1 .9 3 - - - - - - - 10 9 35 52 65 1 - 1 - 26 6

W a tch m e n _____________________________ 57 5 1 .3 8 5 93 52 67 59 22 33 62 47 51 30 22 32M an u factu rin g .... . __ 352 1 .56

'

37 50 14 32 60 46 42 27 12 32

' '

-

1 E x clu d e s p re m iu m pay fo r o v e r t im e and fo r w o rk on w eek en d s , h o lid a y s , and la te sh ifts .2 D ata l im ite d to m en w o rk e rs e x ce p t w h ere o th e rw is e in d ica te d .3 W o r k e r s w e re a ll at $ 0 .8 0 to $ 0 .9 0 .4 In c lu d es a ll d r iv e r s r e g a r d le s s o f s ize and type o f tru ck o p e ra te d .* T ra n sp o rta t io n (ex c lu d in g r a i lr o a d s ) , co m m u n ica tio n , and o th er p u b lic u t i li t ie s .


B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions 11

Table B-l: Shift D ifferential Provisions 1

P e r c e n t o f m an u factu rin g p lan t w ork ers -

Shift d iffe re n t ia l(a)

In e s ta b lish m e n ts having fo r m a l p r o v is io n s f o r

(b)A ctu a lly w ork in g on

S e co n d sh ift w ork

T h ird o r o th er sh ift w ork S econ d sh ift

T h ird o r o th er sh ift

T o t a l -------------------- ---------------- ----------------------- ;--------------- ----------------------------- 9 3 .6 85. 1 1 8 .2 4. 6

W ith sh ift pay d iffe re n tia l ------------------------ ------------------------------------------- 9 1 .9 84. 5 1 7 .8 4. 5

U n iform cen ts (p er hour) ---------------------------------------------------------------- 7 8 .4 6 1 .3 14. 6 2 .9

U nder 5 cen ts ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. 1 _ .35 r f n t s _ _......... - ............. . . . . .. 17. 6 .4 3 .0 -6 cents ______________ ______ -------------------------------------------------- 2 .8 - . 7 -7 o r 7 1 !z cen ts _____________________________________ ______________ 1 0 .8 3. 1 2 .3 t8 cents ____________________________________ ---------------------- 1 7 .4 2. 7 3. 6 . 29 cen ts ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3. 1 2 . 5 .2 . 110 cen ts _____________________________________ ---------------------- 10. 7 1 5 .9 1 . 1 .811 c e n t s ________________________________________________ ______________ - 3 .4 - -12 c e n t s --------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- 10 .7 1 3 .4 2 .5 . 712 lU c e n t s __________________________________________________ - .8 - . 113 c e n t s _________________________________________________________________ - 6 .0 - . 515 c e n t s ____________________________________________ __________________ 1 .3 7.2 . 1 .2O v er 15 cen ts ------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------------ 2 .9 5 .9 . 8 . 4

U n ifo rm p e r c e n t a g e -------------------- ---------- ---------------------- 1 2 .9 12. 9 2 .8 . 7

5 p e r c e n t -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 .3 - 1 .9 -6 p e r c e n t ---------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 .5 - . 7 -9 p e r c e n t ____________________________ _______ ________________________ " 3. 5 . 2 . 410 p e r ce n t ______________________________ ___________ ______________ 1 .2 9 .4 .2 . 3

O th e r 2 ---------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- .6 10 .3 . 4 .9

N o sh ift pay d iffe re n t ia l ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 .7 . 6 . 4 t

1 Shift d iffe re n t ia l data a re p re se n te d in te rm s o f (a) e s ta b lish m e n t p o l ic y , and (b) w o rk e rs a ctu a lly e m p lo y e d on late sh ifts at the tim e o f the su rv e y . An es ta b lish m e n t w as c o n s id e r e d as having a p o l ic y i f it m et e ith er o f the fo llo w in g con -; d it ion s : ( l ) O p erated late sh ifts at the tim e o f the s u r v e y , o r (2) had fo rm a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g late sh ifts .

Inclu des p ro v is io n s fo r fu ll d a y 's pay fo r r e d u ce d h ou rs in co m b in a tio n w ith a cen ts d iffe r e n t ia l, t L e s s than 0 .0 5 p e rce n t .

O ccu p a tion a l W age S u rv ey , M ilw a u k ee , W is . , N o v e m b e r 1955 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R

B u rea u o f L a b o r S ta tis tics


12

Table B-2: Minimum Entrance Rates for Women Office Workers1

M in im u m rate (w eek ly sa la ry )

N u m ber o f e s ta b lish m e n ts w ith s p e c if ie d m in im u m h ir in g ra te in N u m ber o f e s ta b lish m e n ts w ith s p e c i f ie d m in im u m h ir in g ra te in

A llin d u s tr ie s

M an u factu rin g N onm anuf a c tu r ing M a n u factu rin g N onm anuf a ctu r in g

B a se d on standard w eek ly h ou rs 2 o f A ll B a s e d on s tan d ard w e e k ly h ou rs 2 o f

A llsch e d u le s 40

A llsch e d u le s 37 Va 40

in d u str ie sA ll

sch ed u les 40A ll

s ch e d u le s 37 V2 40

E sta b lish m en ts s tu d ie d __________________________________________ 177 86 X X X 91 X X X X X X 177 86 X X X 91 X X X X X X

F O R IN E X P E R IE N C E D T Y P IS T S FO R O TH ER IN E X P E R IE N C E D C L E R IC A L W O R K E R S

E sta b lish m en ts having a s p e c i f ie d m in im u m _________________ 104 53 46 51 7 41 123 59 52 64 8 50

U nder $ 3 0 .0 0 ________________________________________________ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ 1 _ 1$ 3 0 .0 0 and under $ 3 2 .5 0 ____________________________________ 1 - - 1 1 - 3 1 1 2 1 1$ 32. 50 and under $ 3 5 . 0 0 _________________________________ _ 1 - - 1 - 1 1 - - 1 - 1$ 3 5 . 00 and under $ 37 . 5 0 ____________________________________ 8 3 2 5 1 3 13 3 2 10 1 7$ 3 7 .5 0 and under $ 4 0 . 0 0 ____________________________________ 9 1 1 8 3 5 13 2 2 11 4 7$ 4 0 . 00 and unde r $ 4 2 .5 0 ____________________________________ 33 18 15 15 1 12 43 24 20 19 1 16$ 4 2 .5 0 and under $ 4 5 .0 0 ____________________________________ 15 10 9 5 - 5 13 8 8 5 - 5$ 45 . 00 and under $ 4 7 .5 0 ____________________ ________________ 12 8 8 4 - 4 11 8 8 3 - 2$ 4 7 . 50 and under $ 50. 0 0 ____________________________________ 7 5 4 2 - 2 12 6 4 6 1 4$ 50. 00 and under $ 5 2 . 5 0 ____________________________________ 11 4 3 7 1 6 6 2 2 4 - 4$ 52. 50 and unde r $ 5 5 . 0 0 ____________________________________ 4 2 2 2 - 2 5 3 3 2 - 2$ 55. 00 and under $ 5 7 .5 0 ____________________________________ 2 2 2 - - - 2 2 2 - - -$ 5 7 .5 0 and o v e r _______________________________________________ 1 1 " 1 - - ~ ~

E sta b lish m en ts having no s p e c i f ie d m in im u m _______________ 27 21 X X X 6 X X X X X X 29 22 X X X 7 X X X X X X

E sta b lish m en ts w hich d id not em p loy w o rk e rs in th isca te g o ry _________________________________________________________ 44 12 X X X 32 X X X X X X 23 5 X X X 18 X X X X X X

Data not a v a i la b le _________________________________________________ 2 X X X 2 X X X X X X 2 X X X 2 X X X X X X

1 L ow est sa la ry ra te fo rm a lly e s ta b lish e d f o r h ir in g in e x p e r ie n c e d w o r k e r s f o r typ ing o r o th er c le r i c a l jo b s .2 H ou rs r e f le c t the w ork w eek fo r w hich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e th e ir r e g u la r s t r a ig h t-t im e s a la r ie s . Data a re p re s e n te d fo r a ll w ork w eek s com b in ed , and fo r the m o s t c o m m o n w o rk w e e k s r e p o r te d .

O ccu p a tion a l W age S u rv ey , M ilw a u k ee , W is . , N o v e m b e r 1955 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R

B u rea u o f L a b o r S ta t is t ic s


13

Table B-3: Scheduled Weekly Hours

W eek ly h ou rs

----- ---------1 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN

All industries 1 2 Manufacturing Public utilities5!' All industries3 M anufacturing Public u tilities*

A il w o rk e rs --------------------------------------------------------------- 100 100 100 100 100 100

U nder 37 l/2 h o u r s ----------------------------------------------------- 3 ! t _ 3 33 l xk h ou rs --------------------------------------------------------------- 10 5 - t t -O ver 3 7V2 and u n d er 40 h o u r s ------------------------------ 3 ! 3 - t t -40 h o u r s ------------------------------------------ --------------------------- 81 92 99 78 78 96O ver 40 and u n d er 44 h o u r s --------------------------------- t - t 3 t -44 h ou rs ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - t t 445 h ou rs ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - 7 9 -48 h ou rs ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - | - 4 3 -O ver 48 h o u r s ------------------- ---------------------------------------- j | t t t

1 Data r e la te to w om en w o rk e rs on ly .2 In clu d es data f o r w h o le s a le tra d e ; r e ta il tra d e ; fin a n ce , in su ra n ce , and re a l esta te ; and s e r v ic e s in a d d ition to th ose in d u stry d iv is io n s show n se p a ra te ly .3 In c lu d es data fo r w h o le s a le tra d e , r e ta il tra d e , re a l e s ta te , and s e r v ic e s in a dd ition to th ose in d u stry d iv is io n s show n se p a ra te ly .f L e s s than 2 . 5 p e r c e n t .* T ra n sp o rta t io n (ex c lu d in g r a i lr o a d s ) , com m u n ica tion , and o th er p u b lic u t ilit ie s .

Table B-4: Paid Holidays1

I t e m

PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN

All industries 2 Manufacturing Public utilities* All industries 3 Manufacturing Public utilities *

A l l w o r k e r s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 j 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0

W o r k e r s i n e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n gp a i d h o l i d a y s ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 9 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 94 9 8 9 8

L e s s t h a n 5 h o l i d a y s -------------------------------------------------- _ _ t t5 h o l i d a y s --------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - ! t t _

F u l l d a y s o n l y ----------------------------------------------------------- - - - i t t _P l u s 2 h a l f d a y s --------------------------------------------------------- - - - ! t t _

6 h o l i d a y s --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 5 6 6 8 4 i 70 6 7 8 8F u l l d a y s o n l y ----------------------------------------------------------- 50 4 9 5 3 ! 55 5 0 70P l u s 1 h a l f d a y --------------------------------------------------------- 6 t 2 9 3 t 19P l u s 2 h a l f d a y s ----------------------------------------------------- 9 15 3 12 15 _

7 h o l i d a y s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 4 32 16 1 7 2 2 9F u l l d a y s o n l y ----------------------------------------------------------- 2 3 3 2 16 1 7 2 2 9P l u s 2 h a l f d a y s ----------------------------------------------------- t - - - - -

8 h o l i d a y s --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 t - 5 6F u l l d a y s o n l y ----------------------------------------------------------- 3 t - 5 6 _P l u s 1 h a l f d a y --------------------------------------------------------- 3 - - _P l u s 2 h a l f d a y s ------------------------------------------------------ t

_ - - _ _

P l u s 3 h a l f d a y s ------------------------------------------------------- 3 - - - - _9 h o l i d a y s --------------------------------------------------------------------------- t - i - - _

F u l l d a y s o n l y ----------------------------------------------------------- - - - - -P l u s 1 h a l f d a y --------------------------------------------------------- t - - - - -

11 h o l i d a y s ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ! - t - tO t h e r 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ t - t -

W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g n o !p a i d h o l i d a y s ------------------------------------------------------------------------- t

_- 6 t t

1 E s t im a te s r e la te to fu ll -d a y h o lid a y s p rov id ed annually, as in e a r l ie r stu d ies . T h e se a re fu r th er d iv id ed b etw een w o rk e rs who r e c e iv e m e r e ly the in d ica ted num ber o f fu ll-d a y h o lid a y s , and th ose w ho r e c e iv e 1 o r m o r e h a lf h o lid a ys in add ition .

2 In c lu d es data fo r w h o le sa le tra d e ; re ta il tra d e ; fin a n ce , in su ra n ce , and re a l e s ta te ; and s e r v ic e s in ad d ition to th ose in d u stry d iv is io n s show n se p a ra te ly .3 In c lu d e s data fo r w h o le s a le tra d e , re ta il tra d e , r e a l e sta te , and s e r v ic e s in ad d ition to th ose in d u stry d iv is io n s show n se p a ra te ly .4 T h re e to 6 d a y s , a c c o r d in g to length o f s e r v ic e .f L e s s than 2 .5 p e r c e n t . O ccu p a tion a l Wage S u rvey , M ilw aukee, W is . , N ov em b er 1955* T ra n sp o rta t io n (e x c lu d in g r a i lr o a d s ) , com m u n ica tion , and oth er p u b lic u t i li t ie s . U .S . D E P A R T M E N T OF LA B O R

Bureau of Labor StatisticsDigitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

14

Table B-5: Paid Vacations


V a ca tion p o l ic y All industries1 Manufacturing Public utilities * All industries 2 Manufacturing Public utilities *

A ll w o rk e rs ______;____ _______________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100

M ETH O D O F P A Y M E N T

W o rk e rs in es ta b lish m en ts p rov id in gpaid v a c a t io n s _____________________________________ 99 100 99 99 100 100

L e n g th -o f -t im e p a y m e n t __________________ __ 99 99 99 84 80 100P e rce n ta g e p a y m e n t____________________________ t t - 15 20 -

W o rk e rs in es ta b lish m en ts p rov id in gno pa id va ca tion s ......... _ ... t _ t t - -

AM O U N T O F V A C A T IO N P A Y

A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e

U nder 1 w eek _______________________________________ _ _ _ t t _1 w e e k ________________________________________________ 49 57 66 86 91 78O v er 1 and under 2 w eeks ________________________ t 3 _ 4 5 _2 w eeks ______________________________________________ 50 40 34 9 4 22

A fte r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e

U nder 1 w eek _______________________________________ _ _ _ t t _1 w e e k ________________________________________________ 7 8 5 56 66 22O v er 1 and under 2 w eek s ________________________ t t _ 17 24 >2 w eeks ______________________________________________ 91 90 94 25 JO 783 w eeks ______________________________________________ t - - t - -


U nder 1 w eek _______________________________________ _ _ _ t t _1 w e e k _______ ________________________________________ 4 6 _ 37 46 tO v er 1 and under 2 w eek s ________________________ t t - 22 30 _2 w eeks ______________________________________________ 94 92 99 40 23 983 w eeks ______________________________________________ t - - t - -

A fte r 5 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e

1 w eek _ _ . __ _ _ _ t t _O v er 1 and under 2 w eek s ________________________ _ _ _ t t _2 w eeks _ _ 97 99 99 89 91 96O v er 2 and under 3 w eeks ________________________ t t _ 5 6 _3 w eeks 3 t 3 t 4

See footn otes at end o f ta b le . O ccu p a tion a l W age S u rv e y , M ilw a u k e e , W is . , N o v e m b e r 1955* T ra n sp orta tion (ex c lu d in g r a i lr o a d s ) , co m m u n ica t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u t i l i t ie s . U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R


N O T E : In the tabu lation s o f v a ca tio n a llo w a n ce s b y y e a rs o f s e r v ic e , paym en ts o th er than "len gth o f t i m e , "su ch as p e r ce n ta g e o f annual e a rn in g s o r f la t -s u m p a y m en ts , w e re c o n v e r te d to an equ iva len t t im e b a s is ; fo r e x a m p le , a p a ym en t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f annual ea rn in g s w as c o n s id e r e d as 1 w e e k 's p a y .


15

Table B-5: Paid Vacations - Continued

V a ca tio n p o l ic y


All industries 1 Manufacturing Public utilities * All industries 1 2 Manufacturing Public utilities*

A ll w o rk e rs 100 100 100 100 100 100

A M O U N T O F V A C A T IO N P A Y - C ontinued


1 w e e k __ _ _ __ _ _ ____ - _ _ t _O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s ______________________ - - - t t -2 w e e k s __ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 75 67 64 67 55O v er 2 and u n d er 3 w ee k s ____ _______ __ __ __ t 4 - 15 20 -3 w e e k s __ _ _ 23 21 32 19 13 454 w e e k s and o v e r - ___ _______ ___________ t - - t " -

A ft e r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e

1 w e e k __ __ __ __ _____ __ __ __ __ __ _____ _ _ _ t _ _2 w e e k s _____ _____ _ _ 16 11 3 14 9 t3 w e e k s _ __ __ __ __ __ __ _____ __ __ __ 83 88 97 77 81 99O v er 3 and u n d er 4 w e e k s _ __ __ __ __ __ t t _ 4 5 , _4 w e e k s and o v e r _ __ __ __ _____ _____ _____ r t - 4 5 ' -


1 _ ! _ t _ _2 w e e k s _ _________ __ __ __ __ __ _____ _____ 15 11 3 13 8 t3 w e e k s _ __ __ __ _____ __ __ _____ _________ 82 86 97 75 80 96O v er 3 and u n d er 4 w ee k s ______________________ t t 5 6 _4 w e e k s and o v e r _ __ __ __ __ ____________ __ r t - 5 6 4


1 w e e k __ ____ __ _ _ _ t _ _2 w ee k s _ __ _____ __ _____ __ _____ ___ __ 11 9 ! 3 12 7 t3 w e e k s _ __ ________________ _____ __ _________ 76 85 j 53 64 75 47O v er 3 and u n d er 4 w e e k s _ _ __ __ _ _ 4 64 w e e k s and o v e r ___________ 13 6 44 18 12 52

1 In c lu d es data f o r w h o le s a le tra d e ; r e ta il tra d e ; fin a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and re a l e s ta te ; and s e r v ic e s in ad d ition to th ose in d u stry d iv is io n s show n s e p a ra te ly .2 In c lu d es data f o r w h o le s a le tra d e , re ta il t ra d e , r e a l e s ta te , and s e r v ic e s in add ition to th ose in d u stry d iv is io n s show n s e p a ra te ly , f L e s s than 2 .5 p e r c e n t .* T ra n sp o rta t io n (ex c lu d in g r a i lr o a d s ) , co m m u n ica tio n , and oth er p u b lic u t i li t ie s .


16

Table B-6: Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans

T yp e o f p lan

PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EM PLOYED IN

All industries 1 Manufacturing Public utilities * All industries 1 2 Manufacturing Public utilities *

A ll w o rk e rs ------------------------------------------------------------- 100 100 100 1 1 0 0 100 100

W ork ers in e sta b lish m en ts p rov id in g :L ife in su ra n ce -------------------------------------------------- 9 3 ! 9 8 9 9 j 9 2 9 7 100A cc id e n ta l death and d ism e m b e rm e n t

in su ra n ce --------------------------------------------------------- 4 8 6 4 3 6 i 5 0 5 9 4 4S ick n ess and a c c id e n t in su ra n ce o r

s ick leave o r both 3 ---------------------------------------- 81 9 2 9 5 ! 8 5 9 3 9 9S ick n ess and a c c id e n t in su ra n ce ----------- 6 5 8 9 3 5 77 9 2 4 6S ick leave (fu ll pay and no

w aiting p e r i o d ) ----------------------------------------- 3 7 i 3 6 5 0 j 4 t 8S ick leave (p a rtia l pay o r w aiting

p e r io d ) ------------------------------------------------------- 6 - 4 4 7 t 6 5H osp ita liza tion in s u r a n c e ------------------------------ 8 7 9 9 5 5 ! 91 9 9 76S u rg ica l in s u r a n c e ------------------------------------------- 8 6 9 9 5 3 89 9 8 76M e d ica l in s u r a n c e -------------------------------------------- 6 4 7 5 3 5 I 6 4 72 6 5C a ta stroph e in s u r a n c e ------------------------------------ 9 ! t 2 9 i 3 ! t 19R etirem en t p e n s i o n ----------------------------------------- 7 7 | 81 91 | 6 3 | 6 5 9 0No health , in su ra n ce , o r p en s ion i

plan 3 ; t

________________________________ i

t ! 4 t

1 Includes data f o r w h o le sa le tra d e ; r e ta il tra d e ; fin a n ce , in su ra n ce , and re a l e sta te ; and s e r v ic e s in ad d ition to th ose in d u stry d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a te ly .2 Includes data fo r w h o le sa le tra d e , r e ta il tra d e , r e a l e s ta te , and s e r v ic e s in add ition to th ose in d u stry d iv is io n s show n se p a ra te ly .3 U nduplicated tota l o f w o rk e rs r e c e iv in g s ic k lea v e o r s ick n e s s and a c c id e n t in su ra n ce show n s e p a ra te ly b e low .t L e ss than 2 . 5 p e r c e n t . O ccu p ation a l W age S u rv e y , M ilw a u k ee , W is . , N o v e m b e r 1955* T ra n sp orta tion (exc lu d in g r a i lr o a d s ) , co m m u n ica t io n , and oth er p u b lic u t ilit ie s . U .S . D E P A R T M E N T OF L A B O R



17

Appendix: Job Descriptions

The p rim ary purpose of preparing job d escrip tion s fo r the B ureau s wage surveys is to a ss is t its fie ld staff in c la ss ify in g into appropriate occupations w ork ers who are em ployed under a variety of p a yro ll titles and different w ork arrangem ents from establishm ent to establishm ent and from area to area . This is essentia l in ord er to p erm it the grouping o f occupational wage rates representing com parable job content. B ecause of this em phasis on inter establishm ent and in terarea com parability of occupational content, the B ureau 's job d escrip tion s m ay d iffer s ig n ificantly from those in use in individual establishm ents or those p repared fo r other p u rp oses . In applying these job descrip tion s , the B ureau s fie ld represen tatives a re instructed to exclude w ork ing su p erv iso rs , apprentices, lea rn ers , beg in n ers, tra in ees, handicapped w o rk e rs , p a rt-t im e , tem porary , and probationary w ork ers .

O f f i c e

B ILL E R , MACHINE

P rep a res statem ents, b ills , and invoices on a m achine other than an ord in a ry or e lectrom a tic typew riter. M ay a lso keep re co rd s as to b illings or shipping charges or p erform other c le r ic a l w ork in cidenta l to b illin g opera tion s. F or wage study p u rp oses , b il le r s , m ach in e , a re c la ss ifie d by type of m achine, as fo llow s:

B ille r , m ach ine (billing m achine) - U ses a sp ecia l b illing m ach ine (M oon H opkins, E lliott F ish er , B urroughs, e t c . , which a re com bination typing and adding m ach ines) to p repare b ills and in vo ices from cu s to m e rs ' purchase o rd ers , in ternally prepared o r d e r s , shipping m em oranda, etc . Usually involves application of p red eterm in ed discounts and shipping charges and entry of n e ce s s a ry exten sion s, which m ay or may not be com puted on the b illing m ach in e , and totals which are autom atically accum ulated by m ach in e . The operation usually involves a la rge num ber of ca rb on cop ies o f the b ill being prepared and is often done on a fan fold m ach in e .

B ille r , m ach ine (bookkeeping m ach in e) - U ses a bookkeeping m ach ine (Sundstrand, E lliott F ish er, Rem ington Rand, etc. , which m ay or m ay not have typew riter keyboard) to p rep are cu sto m e rs ' b ills as part o f the accounts rece ivab le operation . G en era lly involves the sim ultaneous entry of figures on cu s to m e rs ' ledger r e c o r d . The m ach ine autom atically accum ulates figures on a num ber o f v e r t ica l colum ns and com putes and usually prints au tom a tica lly the debit or cred it ba lan ces. Does not involve a know ledge o f bookkeeping. W orks from uniform and standard types of sa les and cre d it s lip s .

BOOKKEEPING-M ACHINE OPERATOR

O perates a bookkeeping m achine (Rem ington Rand, E lliott F ish e r , Sundstrand, B urroughs, National Cash R eg is te r , with or w ith out a typew riter keyboard) to keep a re co rd of business tran sactions .

BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPE RA TO R - Continued

C lass A - Keeps a set of re cord s requiring a knowledge of and experien ce in ba sic bookkeeping p rin cip les and fam iliarity with the structure of the particu lar accounting system used. D eterm ines p rop er re co rd s and distribution of debit and cred it item s to be used in each phase of the w ork . May prepare consolidated rep orts , balance sh eets, and other re co rd s by hand.

C lass B - Keeps a re co rd of one or m ore phases or sections o f a set of r e co rd s usually requ iring little knowledge of basic book keeping. Phases or section s include accounts payable, p ayroll, cu stom ers ' accounts (not including a sim ple type of billing described under b il le r , m ach ine), co s t distribution , expense distribution, in ventory con tro l, e tc . M ay check or a ss is t in preparation of tria l balances and p rep are con tro l sheets fo r the accounting departm ent.

CLERK , ACCOUNTINGC lass A - Under gen era l d irection of a bookkeeper or a ccou nt

ant, has resp on sib ility fo r keeping one or m ore sections of a c o m plete set o f books or re co rd s relating to one phase o f an estab lish m en t's business tran sactions . W ork involves posting and balancing su bsid iary ledger o r led gers such as accounts rece ivab le or a c counts payable; exam ining and cod ing invoices or vouchers with p rop er accounting d istribution ; requ ires judgment and experience in making p rop er assignations and a lloca tion s . May a ss is t in p reparin g , adjusting, and c los in g journal entries; m ay d irect c la ss B accounting c le rk s .

C lass B - Under su perv ision , p erfo rm s one or m ore routine accounting operations such as posting sim ple journal vou chers, accounts payable v ou ch ers , entering vouchers in voucher reg is te rs ; recon cilin g bank accounts; posting subsid iary ledgers con trolled by general led g ers . This job does not requ ire a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping p rin cip les but is found in o ffices in w hich the m ore routine accounting w ork is subdivided on a fu n ctional basis am ong severa l w ork ers .


18

CLERK, FILE

Class A - R espon sib le fo r m aintaining an established filing system . C la ss ifie s and indexes corresp on d en ce o r other m ateria l; m ay a lso file this m a ter ia l. M ay keep re co rd s o f various types in conjunction with file s or su perv ise others in filin g and locating m ateria l in the f i le s . M ay p erform incidental c le r ic a l duties.

C lass B - P e r fo rm s routine filin g , usually o f m ateria l that has a lready been c la ss ifie d , or loca tes or a ss is ts in locating m a teria l in the f i le s . M ay p erfo rm incidental c le r ic a l duties.

CLERK, ORDER

R eceives c u s to m e rs 1 o rd e rs fo r m a teria l o r m erch an d ise by m ail, phone, or p erson a lly . Duties involve any com bination o f the fo llow in g : Quoting p r ice s to cu stom ers ; m aking out an ord er sheetlisting the item s to m ake up the o rd e r ; checking p r ice s and quantities of item s on ord er sheet; d istributing o rd er sheets to resp ectiv e d e partm ents to be filled . May ch eck with cre d it departm ent to d e te r m ine cred it rating of cu stom er, acknow ledge rece ip t o f o rd ers from cu stom ers , fo llow up o rd ers to see that they have been filled , keep file of ord ers re ce iv e d , and ch eck shipping in voices with orig ina l o rd e rs .

CLERK, PA Y R O LL

Computes w ages of com pany em ployees and enters the n e c e s sary data on the payro ll sheets. Duties in volve: C alculating w o rk e rs ' earnings based on tim e or p roduction re co rd s ; posting ca lcu lated data on payroll sheet, showing in form ation such as w o rk e r 's nam e, w orking days, tim e, rate, deductions fo r in surance, and total w ages due. M ay make out pay checks and a ss is t paym aster in m aking up and d is tributing pay en velopes. M ay use a ca lcu lating m ach ine.

COM PTO M ETER O PERATO R

P rim a ry duty is to operate a C om ptom eter to p erfo rm m athem atica l com putations. This job is not to be con fused with that of sta tistica l or other type of c le rk , which m ay involve frequent use of a C om ptom eter but, in w hich, use o f this m achine is incidental to p erform an ce o f other duties.

DUPLICATING-M ACHINE O PE RA TO R (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO)

Under general su perv ision and with no su p erv iso ry re sp o n s ib ilit ie s , reprodu ces m ultip le cop ies o f typew ritten or handwritten m atter, using a m im eograph o r ditto m ach ine. M akes n e ce ssa ry a d justm ent such as fo r ink and paper feed counter and cy lin der speed . Is not required to p rep are sten cil or ditto m a ster . M ay keep file of used stencils o r ditto m a ste rs . M ay so rt , co lla te , and staple c o m pleted m ateria l.


KEY-PU N CH OPERATOR

Under general supervision and with no su p e rv iso ry r e s p o n s ib ilit ie s , re co rd s accounting and s ta tis tica l data on tabulating cards by punching a series o f holes in the cards in a sp ec ified sequ en ce , using an alphabetical or a num erica l k ey-punch m ach in e , fo llow in g w ritten in form ation on re co rd s . M ay duplicate ca rd s by using the duplicating d ev ice attached to m ach ine. K eeps file s o f punch ca rd s . May v e r ify own w ork or w ork o f o th ers .

OFFICE BOY OR GIRLP erfo rm s various routine duties such as running erran d s,

operating m inor o ffice m achines such as se a le rs or m a ile r s , opening and distributing m ail, and other m in or c le r ic a l w ork .

SEC RE TAR YP erfo rm s se cre ta r ia l and c le r ic a l duties fo r a su p erior in an

adm inistrative or executive position . Duties include m aking appointm ents fo r su perior; rece iv in g peop le com ing into o ff ic e ; answ ering and m aking phone ca lls ; handling p erson a l and im portant o r c o n fidential m a il, and w riting routine co rresp on d en ce on own in itiative; taking d ictation (where tran scrib in g m ach ine is not used) e ither in shorthand or by stenotype or s im ila r m ach ine, and tra n scrib in g d ic ta tion o r the record ed in form ation reprodu ced on a tra n scrib in g m ach ine. M ay p rep a re specia l reports or m em oranda fo r in form ation o f su p e r io r .

STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL

P rim a ry duty is to take dictation from one or m ore p e rso n s , either in shorthand or by stenotype or s im ila r m ach in e , involving a n orm al routine vocabulary, and to tra n scr ib e this d ictation on a typ ew rite r . M ay a lso type from w ritten cop y . M ay a lso set up and keep file s in o rd e r , keep sim ple r e c o r d s , e tc . D oes not include tra n scr ib in g -m a ch in e w ork (see tra n scr ib in g -m a ch in e o p e ra to r ).

STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL

P rim a ry duty is to take dictation from one or m ore p e rso n s , either in shorthand o r by stenotype o r s im ila r m ach ine, involving a varied tech n ica l or sp ecia lized vocabu lary such as in lega l b r ie fs or reports on scien tific re sea rch and to tra n scr ib e this d ictation on a typew riter. May a lso type from w ritten cop y . M ay a ls o set up and keep file s in ord er , keep sim ple r e c o r d s , e tc . D oes not include tran scrib in g -m ach in e w ork .

SW ITCHBOARD OPERATOR

Operates a s in g le - or m u ltip le -p os ition telephone sw itch board . Duties involve handling incom ing, outgoing, and intraplant or o ff ice ca lls . M ay re cord to ll ca lls and take m e s s a g e s . M ay give in fo r m ation to person s who ca ll in, or o cca s io n a lly take telephone o r d e r s . F or w ork ers who a lso act as recep tion ists see sw itchboard o p e ra to r - recep tion ist.


SW ITCHBOARD OPE RA TO R -RE CE PTIO N IST

In addition to perform in g duties o f op era tor , on a single p o s i tion o r m on ito r -ty p e sw itchboard, acts as recep tion ist and m ay a lso type o r p e r fo rm routine c le r ic a l w ork as part o f regu lar duties. This typing o r c le r ic a l w ork m ay take the m a jor part o f this w o rk e r 's tim e w hile at sw itch board .

TABU LATIN G -M ACH IN E OPERATOR

O perates m achine that autom atically analyzes and translates in form ation punched in groups of tabulating cards and prints tra n s lated data on fo rm s or accounting re co rd s ; sets or adjusts m ach ine; does s im p le w irin g of plugboards accord in g to established p ra c tice o r d iagram s; p la ces cards to be tabulated in feed m agazine and starts m ach in e . M ay f ile ca rd s a fter they are tabulated. M ay, in addition, operate au x ilia ry m ach in es.

TRANSCRIBING-M ACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL

P r im a ry duty is to tran scribe dictation involving a n orm al routine voca b u la ry from transcrib ing m achine r e c o r d s . M ay a lso type fro m w ritten cop y and do sim ple c le r ic a l w ork . W orkers tran scr ib in g d ictation involving a varied technical or sp ec ia lized vocabu la ry such as lega l b r ie fs or reports on scien tific re se a rch a re not

P r o f e s s i o n a l

D RAFTSM AN , JUNIOR

(A ssistant draftsm an)

D raw s to s ca le units or parts of drawings p rep ared by d ra fts m an or others fo r engineering, construction , or m anufacturing p u r p o s e s . U ses variou s types of drafting tools as requ ired . M ay p r e p are draw ings fro m sim p le plans or sketches, or p e r fo rm other duties under d ire ct ion o f a draftsm an.

D R A FTSM AN , LEA D E R

Plans and d ire cts activ ities o f one or m ore draftsm en in p rep a ra tion o f w ork ing plans and detail drawings from rough or p r e lim in a ry sketches fo r engineering, con stru ction , o r m anufacturing p u rp o se s . Duties involve a com bination of the fo llow in g : Interpreting b lu ep rin ts , sk etch es , and w ritten or verba l o rd e rs ; determ in ing w ork p ro ce d u re s ; a ssign ing duties to subordinates and inspecting their w ork ; p e r fo rm in g m o re d ifficu lt p rob lem s. M ay a ss is t subordinates during


19

TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE O PE R A TO R , GENERAL - Continued

included, A w ork er who takes d ictation in shorthand or by stenotype or s im ila r m achine is c la ss ifie d as a stenographer, general.

TYPIST

U ses a typew riter to m ake cop ies o f various m ateria l or to m ake out b ills a fter calcu lations have been m ade by another p erson . M ay do c le r ic a l w ork involving little sp ec ia l training, such as keeping sim ple r e c o r d s , filin g re co rd s and rep orts or sorting and d is tributing incom ing m a il.

C lass A - P e r fo rm s one o r m o re o f the fo llow in g : Typingm a teria l in fina l form from v e ry rough and involved draft; cop y ing from plain o r co r re c te d cop y in which there is a frequent and varied use o f tech n ica l and unusual w ords or from fo re ig n - language copy; com bining m a teria l from severa l sou rces , or planning layout o f com p lica ted sta tistica l tables to maintain uniform ity and balance in spacing; typing tables from rough draft in final fo rm . M ay type routine form le tte rs , varying details to suit c ircu m sta n ces .

C lass B - P e r fo rm s one o r m ore o f the fo llow in g : Typingfrom re la tiv e ly c le a r or typed dra fts; routine typing of fo rm s , insurance p o lic ie s , etc . ; setting up sim ple standard tabulations, or copying m ore com p lex tables a lready set up and spaced p rop erly .

a n d T e c h n i c a l

DRAFTSM AN , LEA D E R - Continued

em ergen cies or as a regu lar assignm ent, o r p erform related duties o f a su p erv iso ry o r adm in istrative nature.

DRAFTSM AN , SENIOR

P rep a res w orking plans and detail drawings from notes, rough o r detailed sketches fo r engineering, construction , or m anufacturing p u rp oses . Duties involve a com bination o f the fo llow in g : P reparin g w orking p lans, detail draw ings, m aps, c r o s s -s e c t io n s , etc. , to s ca le by use of drafting instrum ents; m aking engineering com putations such as those involved in strength o f m a teria ls , beam s and tru sses ; verify in g com pleted w ork , checking d im ensions, m ateria ls to be used , and quantities; w riting sp ecifica tion s ; making adjustm ents o r changes in drawings o r sp e c ifica tio n s . M ay ink in lines and letters on p en cil draw ings, p rep are detail units o f com plete draw ings, or tra ce draw ings. W ork is frequently in a sp ecia lized fie ld such as a rch itectu ra l, e le c t r ic a l, m ech an ica l, or structural drafting.


20

NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REG ISTERED)

A reg is te red nurse who g ives nursing se rv ice to ill or in jured em ployees or other person s who b ecom e ill or su ffer an acciden t on the prem ises o f a fa ctory or other establishm ent. Duties involve a com bination o f the fo llow in g : Giving fir s t aid to the ill or in jured ;attendingto subsequent d ressin g o f e m p lo y e e s 1 in ju ries ; keeping re co rd s o f patients treated; preparing accident rep orts fo r com pensation or other purposes; conducting ph ysica l exam inations and health evaluations o f applicants and em p loyees ; and planning and carry in g out p rogra m s involving health education , accident p revention , evaluation o f plant

M a i n t e n a n c e

C ARPEN TER, MAINTENANCE

P e r fo rm s the carpen try duties n e ce ssa ry to con stru ct and m aintain in good repa ir building w oodw ork and equipm ent such as b in s , c r ib s , cou nters, b en ch es , partition s , d o o rs , f lo o r s , s ta irs , ca s in g s , and trim m ade o f w ood in an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost o f the fo llow ing: Planning and laying out o f w ork from b lu eprin ts , draw ings, m od e ls , o r verba l in stru ction s; using a variety o f ca rp e n te r^ handtools, portable pow er to o ls , and standard m easuring instrum ents; making standard shop com putations relating to d im ensions o f w ork ; selecting m ateria ls n e ce ssa ry for the w ork . In gen era l, the w ork o f the m aintenance carpen ter requ ires rounded training and exp erien ce usually acqu ired through a form a l apprenticesh ip or equivalent tra in ing and exp erien ce .

ELECTRICIAN , MAINTENANCE

P e rfo rm s a variety o f e le c t r ica l trade functions such as the installation , m aintenance, o r rep a ir o f equipm ent fo r the generating, distribution , or u tilization o f e le c t r ic energy in an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost o f the fo llow in g : Installing or repairing any o fa variety o f e le c t r ica l equipm ent such as gen era tors , tra n s fo rm e rs , sw itchboards, c o n tro lle r s , c ircu it b re a k e rs , m o to rs , heating units, conduit system s, o r other tra n sm ission equipm ent; w orking from b lu e p rin ts , draw ings, layout, or other sp ec ifica tion s ; locating and d iag nosing trouble in the e le c t r ica l system or equipm ent; w orking standard com putations relating to load requ irem ents o f w iring or e le c t r ica l equipm ent; using a variety o f e le c tr ic ia n !s handtools and m easuring and testing instrum ents. In gen era l, the w ork o f the m aintenance e le c tr ic ia n req u ires rounded training and exp erien ce usually a c qu ired through a form a l apprenticesh ip or equivalent training and exp erien ce .


NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) - Continued

environm ent, or other activ ities a ffecting the healt

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