bls_1265-55_1960.pdf

Occupational Wage Survey

MUSKEGON-MUSKEGON HEIGHTS, MICHIGANMAY 1960

Bulletin Mo. 1265-55

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Claguo, Commissioner

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

New England Region 18 Oliver Street Boston 10, Mass. Liberty 2-2115________


Occupational Wage Survey

MUSKEGON-MUSKEGON HEIGHTS, MICHIGAN

MAY 1960

Bulletin No. 1265-55August I960

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents/ U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. Price 25 cents


P r e f a c e

T he C o m m u n ity W age S u rv ey P r o g r a m

The B u rea u o f L ab or S ta t is t ic s r e g u la r ly co n d u cts a r ea w id e w a ge s u r v e y s in a n u m b er o f im p o r ta n t in d u s tr ia l c e n te r s . The s tu d ie s , m a d e fr o m la te fa l l to e a r ly sp r in g , r e la te to o c cu p a tio n a l e a r n in g s and r e la te d su p p lem e n ta ry b e n e f its . A p r e lim in a r y r e p o r t i s a v a ila b le on c o m p le t io n of the stu d y in e a c h a r e a , u s u a lly in th e m on th fo llo w in g th e p a y r o ll p e r io d s tu d ied . T h is b u lle tin p r o v id e s a d d itio n a l d ata not in c lu d ed in the e a r l ie r r e p o r t . A c o n so lid a te d a n a ly t ic a l b u lle tin su m m a r iz in g th e r e s u l t s o f a l l o f th e y e a r* s s u r v e y s i s i s s u e d a fte r c o m p le t io n o f the f in a l a r e a b u lle tin fo r the c u r r e n t round o f s u r v e y s .

T h is r e p o r t w a s p r e p a r e d in the Bureau* s r e g io n a l o f f ic e in C h ica g o , ELI. , by W oodrow C . L inn , u n d er the d ir e c t io n o f G eo rg e E . V otava , R e g io n a l W age and In d u str ia l R e la t io n s A n a ly s t .

C o n t e n t s

P a g eI n tr o d u c tio n _________________________________________________________ 1

T a b les:

1 . E s ta b lis h m e n ts and w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s u r v e y ____ 2

A: O ccu p a tio n a l ea r n in g s :*A - l . O ffice o c cu p a tio n s ---------------------------------------------------- 4A - 2 . P r o f e s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l o c cu p a tio n s __________ 5A - 3. M a in ten a n ce and p o w erp la n t o c c u p a tio n s ________ 6A - 4 . C u sto d ia l and m a te r ia l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a t io n s __ 7

B: E s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and su p p le m e n ta r y w age p r o v is io n s :*

B - 1. S h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l s ___________________________________ 8B -2 . M in im u m e n tra n ce s a la r ie s fo r w o m en o f f ic e

w o r k e r s _____________________________________________ 9B - 3 . S ch ed u led w e e k ly h o u r s ____________________________ 9B - 4 . P a id h o lid a y s _______________________________________ 10B - 5 . P a id v a c a t i o n s ______________________________________ 11B - 6 . H ea lth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n p la n s ____________ 13

A ppendix: O ccu p a tio n a l d e s c r ip t io n s ____________________________ 15

* NO TE: S im ila r ta b u la tio n s fo r th e s e and o th er i t e m s a r ea v a ila b le in the r e p o r ts fo r s u r v e y s in o th er m a jo r a r e a s . A d ir e c to r y in d ic a tin g d ate o f stu d y and th e p r ic e o f the r e p o r ts i s a v a ila b le upon r e q u e s t .

i i i


O c c u p a t i o n a l W a g e S u r v e y < - - M u s l c e g o n - M u s k e g o n H e i g h t s , M i c h .

Introduction

T h is a r ea is one o f s e v e r a l im p orta n t in d u str ia l c e n te r s in w h ich the U .S . D ep artm en t o f Labor* s B u rea u of L abor S ta t is t ic s has conducted su r v e y s o f occu p ation a l ea rn in g s and r e la ted w age b en efits on an areaw id e b a s is . In th is a r ea , data w ere obtained by p erso n a l v is i t s o f B u reau f ie ld e c o n o m is ts to re p r e se n ta t iv e e s ta b lish m e n ts w ith in s ix broad in d u stry d iv is io n s: M anufacturing; tra n sp o r ta tio n , 1co m m u n ica tion , and o th er public u t i l i t ie s ; w h o le sa le trad e; r e ta il trade; f in a n ce , in su ra n ce , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v ic e s . M ajor in d u stry grou p s ex c lu d ed fro m th e se s tu d ie s a re go v ern m en t o p era tio n s and the co n stru c tio n and e x tr a c t iv e in d u s tr ie s . E sta b lish m en ts having few e r than a p r e sc r ib e d num ber o f w o rk er s a re o m itted a ls o b ec a u se th ey fu rn ish in su ffic ie n t em p lo ym en t in the occu p a tio n s stu d ied to w a r rant in c lu s io n . W h erever p o s s ib le , sep a r a te tab u lation s are provid ed fo r ea ch o f the broad in d u stry d iv is io n s .

T h ese su r v e y s are cond u cted on a sam p le b a s is b ec a u se o f the u n n e c e ssa r y c o s t in vo lved in su rv ey in g a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts . To obtain ap p rop ria te a c cu ra cy at m in im u m c o s t , a g r ea ter p ro p o rtio n o f la r g e than of s m a ll e s ta b lish m e n ts is s tu d ied . In com b in in g the data , h ow ev er , a ll e s ta b lish m e n ts are g iven th e ir ap p rop ria te w e ig h t. E s t im a te s b a sed on the e s ta b lish m e n ts stu d ied are p r e se n ted , th e r e fo r e , a s r e la tin g to a ll e s ta b lish m e n ts in the in d u stry grouping and a r e a , e x ce p t fo r th o se b elow the m in im u m s iz e stu d ied .

O ccupations and E a rn in g sThe occu p ation s s e le c te d fo r stu dy a re co m m o n to a v a r ie ty of m an u factu rin g and nonm anufacturing in d u s tr ie s . O ccu p ation a l c l a s s if ic a t io n i s b a sed on a u n iform s e t o f job d e sc r ip t io n s d es ig n ed to take accou n t o f in te r e sta b lish m e n t v a r ia tio n in d u ties w ith in the sa m e job . (See appendix fo r l is t in g o f th e se d e s c r ip t io n s .) E a rn in g s data a re p resen ted (in the A - s e r ie s ta b le s ) fo r the fo llo w in g ty p es o f o ccu p a tion s: (a) O ffice c le r ic a l; (b) p r o fe ss io n a l and tech n ica l; (c) m a in te nance and pow er plant; and (d) cu s to d ia l and m a te r ia l m o v em en t.O ccu p ation a l em p lo ym en t and ea rn in g s data a re show n fo r fu ll- t im e w o r k e r s , i . e . , th o se h ire d to w ork a re g u la r w eek ly sc h e d u le in the g iven occu p ation a l c la s s i f ic a t io n . E a rn in g s data ex clu d e

p rem iu m pay fo r o v e r t im e and fo r w ork on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and

1 R a ilro a d s , fo r m e r ly ex c lu d ed fro m the sco p e o f th e se s tu d ie s , have b een added in n e a r ly a l l o f the a r e a s to be stu d ied during the w in ter o f 1959-60; r a ilr o a d s w ill be added in the rem a in in g a r e a s n ex t y e a r . F o r scop e o f su rv e y in th is a r e a , s e e footn ote to " tran sp o rta tio n , co m m u n ica tion , and o th er public u t il it ie s " in tab le 1 .

la te s h if ts . N onprod uction b o n u ses a r e ex c lu d ed a ls o , but c o s t - o f - liv in g b o n u ses and in cen tiv e ea rn in g s are in c lu d ed . W here w eek ly hours are rep o rted , as for o ff ic e c le r ic a l o ccu p a tio n s , r e fe r e n c e is to the w ork sch ed u le s (rounded to the n e a r e s t h a lf hour) fo r w hich s tr a ig h t- t im e s a la r ie s are paid; a v era g e w eek ly ea rn in g s for th ese occu p ation s have b een rounded to the n e a r e s t h a lf d o lla r .

A v era g e ea rn in g s o f m en and w om en are p resen ted sep a r a te ly for s e le c te d o ccu p ation s in w hich both s e x e s a re co m m o n ly em p lo y ed . D iffe r e n c e s in pay le v e ls o f m en and w om en in th ese occu p ation s are la r g e ly due to ( l ) d if fe r e n c e s in the d istr ib u tio n of the s e x e s am ong in d u str ie s and e s ta b lish m e n ts ; (2 ) d if fe r e n c e s in s p e c if ic d u ties p e r fo rm ed , although the o ccu p ation s a re a p p rop ria te ly c la s s i f ie d w ith in the sam e su rv e y job d escr ip tio n ; and (3) d iffe r e n c e s in len g th o f s e r v ic e or m e r it r e v iew w hen in d iv id u al s a la r ie s are ad ju sted on th is b a s is . L on ger a v era g e s e r v ic e o f m en w ould r e s u lt in h igh er a v era g e pay w hen both s e x e s a re em p lo yed w ith in the sa m e ra te ra n g e . Job d escr ip tio n s u sed in c la s s ify in g em p lo y e e s in th ese su r v e y s are u su a lly m o re g e n e r a liz e d than th ose u sed in in d iv id u a l e s ta b lish m e n ts to a llo w fo r m in or d if fe r e n c e s am ong e s ta b lish m e n ts in s p e c if ic d u ties p er fo rm ed .

O ccu p ation a l em ploym ent e s t im a te s r e p r e s e n t the to ta l in a ll e s ta b lish m e n ts w ith in the sco p e o f the stu dy and not the num ber a c tu a lly su rv e y ed . B e c a u se o f d iffe r e n c e s in occu p ation a l s tr u ctu re am ong e s ta b lish m e n ts , the e s t im a te s of occu p ation a l em p lo ym en t obtained fro m the sam p le o f e s ta b lish m e n ts stu d ied s e r v e on ly to in d ica te the r e la t iv e im p orta n ce o f the job s stu d ied . T h ese d iffe r e n c e s in o c c u p ational str u c tu re do not m a te r ia lly a ffec t the a c cu ra cy of the e a r n in gs data.

E sta b lish m en t P r a c t ic e s and S u p p lem en tary W age P r o v is io n sIn form ation is p re se n ted a ls o (in the B - s e r i e s ta b le s ) on s e le c te d e s ta b lish m e n t p r a c t ic e s and su p p lem en ta ry b en e fits a s th ey r e la te to o ff ic e and plant w o r k e r s . The term "office w o r k e r s , " a s u sed

in th is b u lle tin , in c lu d es w ork ing s u p e r v iso r s and n o n su p e rv iso ry w o rk ers p er fo rm in g c le r ic a l o r re la te d fu n ctio n s , and e x c lu d es ad m in is tr a t iv e , e x e c u tiv e , and p r o fe ss io n a l p er so n n e l. "P lant w o rk ers" in clud e w ork ing fo re m en and a ll n o n su p e rv iso ry w o rk er s (includin g le a d - m en and tr a in e e s ) en gaged in n on o ffice fu n ctio n s . A d m in istra tiv e , e x e c u tiv e , and p r o fe ss io n a l e m p lo y e e s , and fo r c e -a c c o u n t co n stru c tio n em p lo y ees who a re u t il iz e d a s a sep a r a te w ork fo r c e are ex c lu d ed . C a fe te r ia w o rk er s and rou tem en a re ex c lu d ed in m anu factu rin g in d u str ie s , but a r e in clu d ed a s plant w o rk er s in nonm anufacturing in d u str ie s .


2T a b le 1. E s ta b lis h m e n ts and w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s u r v e y and n u m b e r s tu d ie d in M u s k e g o n M u s k e g o n H e ig h ts , M ich . , 1 b y m a jo r in d u s tr y d iv is io n , 2 M a y I960

M in im u m N u m ber o f e s ta b lish m e n ts W o rk ers in e s ta b lish m e n ts

In d u stry d iv is io ne m p lo y m en t

in e s t a b l is h W ithin W ithin s c o p e o f stu d y Stud iedm e n ts o f sc o p e

o f stu d ys c o p e o f stu d y 3

Stud iedT o ta l4 O ffice P la n t T o ta l4

A ll d iv is io n s ---------------------------- ------------ - - - ------- - - 51 78 52 2 8 ,5 7 0 3, 100 21, 500 26 , 050M an u factu rin g ---------- ------- __ - 51 47 31 2 4 ,2 0 0 2, 100 1 9 . 1 0 0 2 2 ,3 9 0N on m an u factu rin g __ __ __ __ _________ __ ------- --------T r a n sp o r ta tio n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th er

51 31 21 4 , 370 1 ,0 0 0 2 ,4 0 0 3, 660p u b lic u t i l i t ie s 5 ------------------- ------ 51 8 8 2, 070 500 900 2, 070

W h o le sa le tr a d e ----------- __ - - ----- - - 51 4 2 300 (J) ( > 190R e ta il tr a d e ___________ _____________ _____ --------- 51 13 7 1 ,4 0 0 (*) 960F in a n c e , in su r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ______________ ___ 51 4 2 400 (*) 0 240S e r v i c e s 7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51 2 2 200 ( 6) ( > 200

1 T h e M u sk e g o n M u s k e g o n H eig h ts M e tr o p o l ita n A r e a (M u sk e g o n C o u n ty ). T h e " w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s tu d y " e s t im a t e s sh ow n in th is ta b le p r o v id e a r e a s o n a b ly a c c u r a t e d e s c r ip t io n o f the s i z e and c o m p o s i t io n o f the la b o r f o r c e in c lu d e d in the s u r v e y . T h e e s t im a t e s a r e n ot in te n d e d , h o w e v e r , t o s e r v e a s a b a s is o f c o m p a r is o n w ith o th e r a r e a e m p lo y m e n t in d e x e s to m e a s u r e e m p lo y m e n t t re n d s o f l e v e l s s in c e (1 ) p la n n in g o f w a g e s u r v e y s r e q u ir e s th e u s e o f e s ta b lis h m e n t da ta c o m p ile d c o n s id e r a b ly in a d v a n c e o f th e p a y r o l l p e r io d s tu d ie d and (2 ) s m a ll e s ta b l is h m e n ts a r e e x c lu d e d fr o m th e s c o p e o f the s u r v e y .

2 T h e 1957 r e v i s e d e d it io n o f the S ta n d a rd In d u s tr ia l C la s s i f ic a t i o n M a nual w a s u s e d in c la s s i fy in g e s ta b l is h m e n ts b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n . M a jo r ch a n g e s f r o m the e a r l i e r e d it io n (u s e d in the B u r e a u 's la b o r m a rk e t w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m p r io r to the w in te r o f 1 9 5 8 -5 9 ) a r e the t r a n s fe r o f m ilk p a s t e u r iz a t io n p la n ts and r e a d y -m ix e d c o n c r e t e e s ta b l is h m e n ts f r o m t r a d e (w h o le s a le o r r e ta il) to m a n u fa c tu r in g , and the t r a n s fe r o f r a d io and t e le v i s io n b r o a d c a s t in g f r o m s e r v i c e s to the t r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b l ic u t i l it ie s d iv is io n .

3 In c lu d e s a ll e s ta b l is h m e n ts w ith to ta l e m p lo y m e n t at o r a b o v e th e m in im u m -s i z e lim it a t io n . A l l o u t le ts (w ith in th e a re a ) o f c o m p a n ie s in su ch in d u s tr ie s a s t r a d e , f in a n c e , au to r e p a ir s e r v i c e , and m o t io n -p i c t u r e th e a te r s a r e c o n s id e r e d a s 1 e s ta b l is h m e n t .

4 In c lu d e s e x e c u t iv e , p r o fe s s io n a l , and o th e r w o r k e r s e x c lu d e d f r o m the s e p a r a te o f f i c e and p la n t c a t e g o r i e s .5 R a ilr o a d s w e r e in c lu d e d ; t a x ic a b s and s e r v i c e s in c id e n ta l to w a te r t r a n s p o r ta t io n w e r e e x c lu d e d .4 T h is in d u s tr y d iv is io n i s r e p r e s e n te d in e s t im a t e s f o r " a l l in d u s t r ie s " and 1 'n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g " in the S e r ie s A and B t a b le s , a lth ou g h c o v e r a g e w a s in s u f f ic ie n t to ju s t i f y s e p a r a te p r e s e n ta t io n o f

d a ta .7 H o te ls ; p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u s in e s s s e r v i c e s ; a u to m o b ile r e p a ir s h o p s ; m o t io n p ic t u r e s ; n o n p ro fit m e m b e r s h ip o r g a n iz a t io n s ; and e n g in e e r in g and a r c h i t e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s .


Shift d iffere n tia l data (tab le B - l ) are l im ite d to m an u factu rin g in d u s tr ie s . T h is in form a tio n i s p rese n ted both in term s o f (a) e s ta b lish m en t p o licy , 2 p re se n ted in te r m s o f to ta l p lant w o rk er em p lo y m en t, and (b) e ffe c t iv e p r a c t ic e , p re se n ted on the b a s is o f w o rk ers a c tu a lly em p lo yed on the sp e c if ie d sh ift at the tim e o f the su r v e y . In e s ta b lish m e n ts having v a r ied d if fe r e n tia ls , the am ount applying to a m a jo r ity w as u sed o r , i f no am ount ap p lied to a m a jo r ity , the c l a s s if ic a t io n "other" w as u se d . In e s ta b lish m e n ts in w h ich som e la t e - sh ift h ou rs a re paid at n orm al r a te s , a d iffere n tia l w as re co rd ed on ly i f i t ap p lied to a m a jo r ity o f the sh ift h o u rs .

M inim um en tra n ce ra te s (table B -2 ) r e la te on ly to the e s ta b lish m e n ts v is ite d . T hey are p r e se n ted on an e s ta b lish m e n t, ra th er than on an em p lo ym en t b a s is . P a id h o lid a ys; paid v a ca tio n s; and h ea lth , in su ra n ce , and p en sion p lans are trea te d s ta t is t ic a l ly on the b a s is that th ese are ap p licab le to a ll p lant or o ff ic e w o rk ers i f a m a jo r ity o f su ch w o rk er s are e l ig ib le or m ay ev en tu a lly q u a lify fo r the p r a c t ic e s l i s t e d . S ch ed u led h ou rs are trea te d s ta t is t ic a l ly on the b a s is that th ese are ap p licab le to a ll p lant or o ff ic e w o rk ers i f a m a jo r ity are c o v e r e d . 3 B e c a u se o f rounding, su m s o f in d iv id u al ite m s in th ese tab u la tion s m ay not eq u al to ta ls .

The f ir s t part o f the paid h o lid a y s tab le p r e se n ts the num b er o f w hole and h a lf h o lid a y s a c tu a lly p rov id ed . The seco n d p art co m b in es w h ole and h a lf h o lid a y s to show to ta l h o lid ay t im e .

The su m m ary o f va ca tio n p lans i s lim ite d to fo rm a l a r r a n g e m e n ts , ex clu d in g in fo rm a l p lans w h ereb y t im e o ff w ith pay i s gran ted at the d isc r e tio n o f the e m p lo y e r . S ep a ra te e s t im a te s a r e p ro vid ed a cco rd in g to em p lo y er p r a c tice in com p u tin g v aca tio n p a y m en ts, su ch a s tim e p a y m en ts, p ercen t o f annual e a r n in g s , o r f la t -s u m a m o u n ts . H o w ever, in the tab u lation s o f v a ca tio n a llo w a n c e s , p aym en ts not on a t im e b a s is w e re co n verted ; fo r ex a m p le , a p aym ent o f 2 p er cen t o f annual ea rn in g s w a s c o n s id e r e d a s the eq u iv a len t o f 1 w e e k 1 s pay .

2 An e s ta b lish m e n t w as c o n s id e r e d a s having a p o licy i f it m et e ith e r o f the fo llow in g co n d ition s: (1) O p erated la te sh ifts at the t im e o f the su r v e y , o r (2 ) had fo rm a l p r o v is io n s co v er in g la te s h if ts .

3 S ch ed u led w eek ly h ou rs fo r o ff ic e w o rk er s ( f ir s t s e c t io n o f tab le B -3 ) in su r v e y s m ade p r io r to la te 1957 and e a r ly 1958 w ere p re se n ted in te r m s o f the p ro p ortion o f w om en o ff ic e w o rk er s e m p loyed in o f f ic e s w ith the in d ica ted w e ek ly h ou rs fo r w o m en w o r k e r s .

3D ata a re p re se n ted fo r a ll h ea lth , in su r a n c e , and p en sion

plans for w hich at le a s t a p art o f the c o s t i s b orn e by the e m p lo y e r , ex cep tin g on ly le g a l re q u ire m e n ts su ch a s w o rk m en 1 s co m p en sa tio n and s o c ia l s e c u r ity . Such p lans in clu d e th o se u n d erw ritten by a c o m m e r c ia l in su ra n ce com p an y and th o se p rovid ed through a union fund or paid d ir e c t ly by the em p lo y er ou t o f cu r ren t o p era tin g funds o r fro m a fund s e t a s id e fo r th is p u rp o se . D eath b e n e fits are in clu d ed as a fo rm o f l i f e in su r a n c e .

S ic k n e ss and a cc id en t in su ra n ce i s lim ited* to that type o f in su ra n ce under w hich p red eterm in ed c a sh p aym en ts a re m ade d ir e c t ly to the in su red on a w eek ly o r m on th ly b a s is during i l ln e s s o r a c c id en t d isa b ility . In form ation i s p re se n ted for a ll su ch p lan s to w hich the em p lo y er c o n tr ib u te s . H ow ever , in N ew Y ork and N ew J e r s e y , w hich have en a cted tem p o ra ry d isa b ility in su ra n ce la w s w h ich req u ire e m p lo y er co n tr ib u tio n s , 4 p lan s are in clu d ed on ly i f the e m p lo y er ( 1 ) c o n tr ib u te s m o re than is le g a lly req u ired , o r \ 2 ) p ro v id es the em p lo y ee w ith b en e fits w h ich e x c e e d the re q u ire m e n ts o f the law . T ab u lation s o f paid s ic k - le a v e p lans a re lim ite d to fo r m a l p la n s 5 w h ich provide fu ll pay o r a p ro p ortion o f the w o r k e r 's pay during a b sen ce fro m w ork b e c a u se o f i l ln e s s . S ep ara te tab u la tion s a re p rov id ed acco rd in g to ( l ) p lans w hich provid e fu ll pay and no w a itin g p er io d , and (2 ) p lans p rovid ing e ith e r p a rtia l pay o r a w a itin g p er io d . In addition to the p re se n ta tio n o f the p ro p ortion s o f w o rk er s who a re p rov id ed s ic k n e ss and a c c id en t in su ra n ce or paid s ic k le a v e , an u n d u p licated to ta l is show n of w o rk er s who r e c e iv e e ith e r o r both ty p es o f b e n e f its .

C a ta strop h e in su r a n c e , s o m e t im e s r e fe r r e d to a s t ex ten d ed m e d ic a l in su ra n ce , in c lu d es th o se p lan s w h ich a re d es ig n e d to p ro te c t em p lo y e e s in c a s e o f s ic k n e s s and in ju ry in vo lv in g e x p e n s e s beyond the n o rm a l c o v e r a g e o f h o sp ita liz a tio n , m e d ic a l, and s u r g ic a l p la n s . M ed ica l in su ra n ce r e fe r s to p lans p rov id in g fo r co m p le te or p artia l p aym ent o f d o c to r s 1 f e e s . Such p lan s m ay be u n d erw ritten by c o m m e r c ia l in su ra n ce co m p a n ies or n on p rofit o r g a n iza tio n s o r th ey m a y be s e lf - in s u r e d . T ab u lation s o f r e t ir e m e n t p en sio n p lan s are l im ite d to th o se p lan s th at p ro v id e m onth ly p aym en ts fo r the rem a in d er o f the w o r k e r 's l i f e .

4 The tem p o ra ry d isa b ility la w s in C a lifo rn ia and Rhode Islan d do not req u ire em p lo y er co n tr ib u tio n s .

5 An e s ta b lish m e n t w a s c o n s id e r e d a s h av ing a fo r m a l p lan i f i t e s ta b lish e d at le a s t the m in im u m num ber o f d ays o f s ic k le a v e that co u ld be ex p ec ted by ea ch em p lo y ee Such a p lan n eed n ot b e w r itte n , but in fo rm a l s ic k - le a v e a llo w a n c e s , d e ter m in ed on an in d iv id u al b a s i s , w e re ex c lu d ed .


4 A* Occupational Earnings

Table A-l. Office Occupations

(A v e ra g e s tr a ig h t -t im e w eek ly hou rs and earn ings fo r s e le c te d o ccu p a tio n s stud ied on an a re a b a s is by in du stry d iv is io n ! M uskegonM uskegon H eig h ts , M ich . , M ay i960)

Average NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIG|HT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OFNumber $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

Sex, o ccu p a tio n , and in d u stry d iv is io n ofworkers Weekly i hoursWeekly i earnings

40. 00 4 5 .0 0 50 .0 0 55. 00 60. 00 6 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 5. 00 8 0 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 90. 00 9 5 .0 0 100 .00 105. 00 1 1 0 .0 0 1 15 .00 120 .00 125.00(Standard) (Standard) " ~ - _ -

45. 00 5 0 ,0 0 55,.Q.(L 70. 00 SQJMl. 8 5. 00 9 0 .0 0 _95,J)fL 100.00 .AfliLJlO n o . 00 1 1 5 .0 0 120 .00 125 .00 130.00

M en

C le rk s , a ccou n tin g , c la s s A -------------------------------------------- 46 40. 0 $ 10 8 .5 0 - - - - - - 1 _ - 3 1 6 2 6 14 6 6 1M anufacturing ----------------- -------- --------- ------------------ - 41 4 0 .0 1 09 .00 " - - - - * - - 3 1 4 2 i 14 ' 5 4 1

C le rk s , o r d e r ______________________ __ __________ ______ 19 40. 0 104 .00 - _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ 1 1 2 l 2 4 2 4 1 _M anufacturing __________________ __ __________________ 19 40. 0 104 .00 - - - - 1 - 1 1 2 1 2 4 2 4 '

T a b u la tin g -m a ch in e o p e r a to r s , c la s s B _________________ 16 40. 0 89. 00 . . - 1 1 _ 1 2 _ 2 2 1 4 2 _ _ _ _

W om en

B i lle r s , m a ch in e (b illin g m ach in e) ---------------------------- 19 4 0 .0 62. 00 - 2 1 2 9 2 1 2 - - _ - _ . _ _ _ _ _N on m anufactu rin g ------------ ------------- -------------- -------- 15 40. 5 60. 00 ' 2 ' 1 1 9 1 1 - - " " - - - - - - -

B o o k k e e p in g -m a ch in e o p e r a to r s , c la s s A ______________ 22 4 0 .0 73. 00 - - 2 4 1 3 1 1 3 6 1 - _ , - _ _ _

B ook k e e p in g -m a ch in e o p e r a to r s , c la s s B ______________ 44 40. 0 57. 00 _ 10 10 15 4 2 1 _ 2 _ _ _ _ . _ . . _

C le rk s , a ccou n tin g , c la s s A ---------------------------------------------- 44 40. 0 83. 00 . _ _ 1 5 10 6 4 2 2 8 5 1 . _ .M anufacturing ---------- -- --------_------ ------------------------------------ 22 40. 0 81. 00 - - - - 1 - 7 5 3 - 2 t 1 1 - - - -N on m anufactu rin g ------------------------------------------------------------ 22 40 . 0 85. 00 - - - - - 5 3 1 1 2 - 6 4 - - - - -

C le rk s , a ccou n tin g , c la s s B ---------------------------------------- - 84 4 0 . 0 7 4 .0 0 - 4 2 8 12 10 6 7 12 13 6 4 - _ _ _ _ _M anufacturing ------------ ------------------- ---------------------------- 34 40 . 0 6 9 .0 0 - 3 - 6 6 1------ 2 2 1 1 5 - - - - - - -N on m anufactu rin g ----------------------------------------------------------- 50 40. 0 77. 50 1 2 2 6 3 4 5 11 12 - 4 - ; - - - - -

C le rk s , f i le , c la s s A ------ ------------- __ __________________ 18 40. 0 58. 50 - 3 7 2 2 1 1 1 1 - _ - - _ - - - _

C le rk s , p a y ro ll ____________________ ---------- -------------- 66 40. 0 68. 00 . _ 7 7 10 13 11 10 6 1 . 1 . . . . .M anufacturing -------------------------------------------------- -------------- 56 40. 0 67. 50 - - 7 7 8 9 10 io 4 1 - - - - - - -

C om p to m e te r o p e r a to r s ____ .__________ _________ _______ 58 40. 0 72. 50 _ 2 4 7 10 8 1 2 1 23 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _M anufacturing ------------------------------------------------------------------- 58 40. 0 72. 50 - 2 4 7 10 8 1 2

-----j------ 2* - - - - - - * -

K eypunch o p e r a to r s ------------------------------------------ -------------- 49 40. 0 64. 50 - 3 4 7 10 13 2 8 2 - . - _ _ _ _ _ _M anufacturing --------------------------------------------------- --------------- 44 40. 0 65. 00 2 2 7 10 13 2 6 2 - - - - - - - ~ -

S e c r e ta r ie s ______________________ -------------- ------------- 167 40. 0 82. 00 _ _ 1 5 5 18 27 22 15 21 17 27 5 1 1 1 _ 1M anufacturing ----------------------------- ---------------------------- 136 40. 0 83. 50 - - - 1 4 15 17 17 13 20 17 26 4 1 1 - - -N on m anufactu rin g ------------------------------------------------------------ 31 40. 0 76. 00 " 1 4 1 3 10 5 2 1 - 1 1 - - 1 - 1

S ten o g ra p h e rs , g en era l ____________________________________ 166 40. 0 69. 50 - 2 10 16 43 25 16 16 9 28 1 - - - - - - -M a n u fa c t u r in g _-___ __________________________ ____ _____ 142 40. 0 70. 50 - - 8 11 40 20 12 16 8 26 1 - - - - - - -N on m anufactu rin g ----------------- ------------------------------------------ 24 4 0 .0 6 5 .0 0 2 2 5 3 5 4 - 1 2 - - - - - - - -

S w itch board o p e r a to r s ----------------------------- ---------------------------- 17 42. 0 60. 50 24 2 1 3 1 1 - - 4 - - 1 - - - - - -

S w itch boa rd o p e r a to r -r e c e p t io n is ts ---------- -------------------- 31 40. 0 65. 50 1 2 5 12 2 2 3 3 1 . . . .M anufacturing --------------------------- ----------------------- - 27 4 0 .0 63. 50 1 2 5 12 1 2 3 - 1 - - - - - ~ - -

T ra n s cr ib in g -m a ch in e o p e r a to r s , g en era l ------------ ------ 17 40. 0 59. 50 - 1 6 3 4 1 - 1 1 - - - - - - - - -M anufacturing ---------------------------- ------------------------------------ 17 40. 0 59. 50 - 1 6 3 4 1 1 1 - - - - - - - -

T y p is t s , c la s s A ----------------------------------- -------------------- 86 40 . 0 7 5. 50 _ _ 1 4 13 7 10 8 43 _ _ , _ _ . _ _M anufacturing ----------------------- ---------------------------- 83 40. 0 76. 00 - - 4 13 7 10 6 43 - - - - - - -

T y p is ts , c la s s B ------------------------------ ---------------------- ----------- 111 40. 0 56. 00 1 10 35 36 22 7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _M anufacturing ----------------------------------------------------------------- 94 40. 0 57. 00 6 27 32 22 7 ' " ~ ' " "

1 Standard h ou rs r e f le c t the w orkw eek fo r w h ich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e th e ir re g u la r s tra ig h t -t im e s a la r ie s and the ea rn in gs co r r e s p o n d to th ese w eek ly h o u rs .2 A ll w o rk e r s w e re at $ 30 to $ 4 0 .


5Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations

(A v e ra g e s tra ig h t-t im e w eek ly h ou rs and ea rn in gs fo r se le c te d o ccu p a tio n s stud ied on an a re a b a s is by in du stry d iv is io n , M uskegonM uskegon H eights, M ic h ., M ay I960)

Avekaoe NUM BER OP WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGH T-TIM E WEEKLY EARNINGS OFNumber $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

Sex, occu p a tion , and in du stry d iv is io n ofworkers

W eekly Weeklyearnings1

6 5 . 00 and

70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 8 5 .0 0 90. 00 9 5 .0 0 100 .00 1 05 .00 n o . oo 1 15 .00 120. 00 1 25 .00 130. 00 135. 00 140 .00 145 .00 1 50 .00(Standard) (Standard) under _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - and

7 0 .0 0 75. 00 8 0 .0 0 _85i 00 _9 0 ,0 0 9 5 .0 0 100 .00 1 05 .00 110 .00 _1 15. 0 0 120. 00 1_25._00 130. 00 1 35 .00 140. 00 1 45 .00 1 50 .00 o v e r

M en

D ra ftsm en , le a d e r ------------------------------------------------------------- 15 40. 0 $ 1 3 3 .5 0 . _ _ . _ . . . 3 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 3M anufacturing ---------------------------------------------------------------- 15 40. 0 133.50 " 3 1 2 2 - 1 1 2 3

D ra ftsm en , sen io r ------------- __ ------------- ------ 109 4 0 .0 111.00 _ . 1 3 9 5 14 17 21 10 19 4 5 1M anufacturing ---------------------------------------------------------------- 109 40. 0 111.00 ~ - - 1 3 9 5 14 17 21 10 19 4 5 1 - - -

D ra ftsm en , ju n io r ------------- ----------------- a. -------- _ 63 40. 0 87.50 4 9 6 6 8 12 8 8 2M anufacturing ---------------------------------------------------------------- 63 40. 0 87.50 4 9 6 6 8 12 8 8 2 - - - - - - "

W om en

N u rse s , in d u str ia l (r e g is te r e d ) ------------------ ------------------ 22 40. 0 85.00 2 4 1 1 4 8 _ 2 _ . . .M anufacturing -------- ------------------ ------------- ------ 22 4 0 .0 85.00 2 4 1 1 4 8 2

1 Standard h ou rs r e f le c t the w ork w eek fo r w h ich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e th e ir re g u la r s tra ig h t-t im e sa la r ie s and the ea rn in gs co r re sp o n d to th ese w eek ly h ou rs .2 W o rk e rs w e re d istr ib u ted a s fo l lo w s : 2 at $ 155 to $ 160; 1 at $ 160 and o v e r .


6Table A~3. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations

(A verage s tr a ig h t-t im e hourly earn in gs for m en in s e le c te d occupations stud ied on an area b a sis by in dustry d iv is ion , M uskegonM uskegon H eig h ts , M ic h ., May I960)N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E I V I N G S T R A IG H T -T IM E H O U R L Y E A R N I N G S O F

Occupation and industry division N u m b ero fw orkers

A verage h o u rly ,

earn in gs Under$1.70

$i.7 0andunder1.80

$1.80

1. 90

$1. 90

...2^00

$2. 00

2. JO__

$2. 10

2 ^20

$2. 20

_2 . 30 _

$2. 30

_ 2.40 _

$2.40

_2, 50____

$2. 50

2. 60

$2. 60

2. 70____

$2. 70

2. 80

$2. 80

2. 90

$2. 90

3. 00

$3. 00

3. 10

$3. 10

3. 20

$3. 20

3. 30

$3. 30 and over

Carpenters, maintenance _____________ -------------------- 29 $2. 63 7 1 2 10 1 7 1Manufacturing --------- -------------------------- ---------------------------- 28 2. 60

" 7 1 2 10 1 7 " - - -

E lectricians, maintenance __ ------------------ -------------------- 126 2. 68 _ _ _ i 1 6 11 2 14 43 8 9 32Manufacturing ------------------------------------------------ __ ------------ 125 2. 68 - " 1 6 11 2 ! 14 42 8 9 32 - - -

Firem en, stationary boiler ----------- ------------------ 48 2. 27 3 4 3 3 10 7 3 . . 15Manufacturing ------------------------------------------------ 45 2. 36 4 " 3 3 10 7 3 " - 15 - - - -

H elpers, trades, maintenance ________________ 19 2. 28 . _ - _ _ ! 14 2 _ 2 _ . _ . . .Manufacturing -------------------------- ------------------ 18 2. 28 _ - i 1 13 | 2 2 ' " " -

M achine-tool operators, toolroom ___________ 74 2. 88 _ i______ :_____ _____ :______ _ _ __ i

! 6 7 2 10 9 1 22 17 .Manufacturing ____________________ ________ 74 2. 88 " 1 ~ ! -

|6 7 2 10 9 1 22 17 - -

M achinists, maintenance ______________________ 110 2. 82 _ - _ _______ -! _ 6 4 38 9 11 _ 40 2

Manufacturing ------------------- ------------------ 105 2. 82 - !! 1 ' 6 1 389

11 40 " " -

M echanics, automotive (maintenance) ------------ 60 2. 63 _ | , _ j j _1i 9 ! 2 ; 1 0 26

2 6 5 . . .M anufacturing --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37 Z. 60 - i - - ! 9 t 2 1 2 18 - 4 2 - - _ _Nonmanufacturing __________________________________________ 23 2. 69 1 - - - - - 8 8 2 2 3 - - - -

Public utilities 2 _______________________________________ 23 2. 69 - | - 1! " ~ 88 2 2 3 " - " -

M echanics, maintenance ------------ ------------------ 130 2. 58 . . . _1

2 1 18 5 37 55 6 6Manufacturing -------------------------- ------------------ 128 2. 58 " 2 1 18 5 35 55 ----- 6 ------ ------ 6 ----- - - - " "

Millwrights --------------------------------------------------------- 99 2.66 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 _ 31

46 : 2 27 . _ . .Manufacturing ------------------------------------------------ 99 2. 66 " *

21 " 3 46 2 27 ~ "

Oilers ------------------------------------------------------------------ 39 2. 31 . _ l 1 . 13 10 . . 10 !1

4Manufacturing ---------------------------------- ------------- 39 2. 31 _ l 1 " 13 10 10 ! - - 4 " " - -

Painters, maintenance -------------------------------------- 17 2. 78 _ _ . . _ _ 1 j _ 1 1 ! 6 7 2 _ _ _ .Manufacturing ----------------------------------------------- 15 2. 76 ~ '

1 1 j i16 7

Pipefitters, maintenance ---------------------------- 54 2. 63 _ _ _ . 1 . _ _ 19 1j

13 4 17. .

Manufacturing ----------------- ---------------------------- 54 2. 63 j!

_!

19 i 1 I n I 4 17 - - _ " -

Tool and die m akers _____________ ____________ 156 2. 94 . _ _ _ ; ! _ j . i ! 3 | 57 2 32 11 41 9Manufacturing ------------------------------------------------ 156 2. 94

-------------1

3 i57 2 32 11 41 9

Excludes premium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.


7Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations

(Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, MuskegonMuskegon Heights, Mich. , May I960)

N U M B E R O F W O R K E B S R E C E I V I N G S T R A IG H T -T IM E H O U R L Y E A R N I N G S O F

O ccupation1 and industry divisionN u m b er

ofw orkersA v erage hourly

earn in gs 2 Under$1. 30

$1. 30 and

under 1.40

$1. 40

1.50

$1.50

1.60

S1.60

. 1 ,7 0 __ 00

-J

O

$ 1 1. 80

1.90

S 1 1 1.901 !

2. 00

0

0O

"H

$2. 10

2. 20

$2. 20

2. 30_

$2. 30

2. 40

$2. 40

2.50

$2. 50

_2. 60

$2. 60

_ ?i_70

$2. 70

2. 80

$2. 80

2. 90

$2. 90 and over

92 $ 2. 241

7 iL .1 3 .. 13 !! 16 9 1 1 32Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------------------------- 92 2.24 - - - - - " 7 ;; 13 13 ! 16 9 1 1 1 32

1-

Janitors, porters, and cleaners (men) -------------- 287 2. 04 3 2 2 14 1 5 10 46 1! 23 22 !: 36 ; 115 9 . 1 . . .Manufacturing --------- ------------ ------------------ 240 2. 10 - - - 2 4 10 34 jj 20 22 36 : 112 ; - i 1 - - -Nonmanufacturing --------------------------------- 47 1.77 3 2 2 12 1 - ! 12 ; 3 - ; ! 3 iI 9 - - - - - -Public utilities 3 ------------------------------------- 19 2.05 - - 2 2 - -

i 3! 9 - - - - -

Janitors, porters, and cleaners (women) ------ 56 1.69 11 . 8 2 _ 10 i 17 2 ! 3 1 31 _ _ _ _ _ _

Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------- 35 1.88 - - - 2 - 10 1 16 2 1 3 2 - - - - - - -Nonmanufacturing -------- ------- ------------------ 21 1. 36 4 11 * 8 i -

11 | 1 "

_ ~Laborers, m aterial handling -------------------------- 356 2. 14 1 16 16 20 16 , 3 124 65 93 2

Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------- 338 2. 15 - " - - f-1 6 15 191 16 1 2! 110 65 1 93 - 2 - - -

Order fillers -------------- ----------------------------------- 36 2. 25 _ - _ l 2 1 16 i j 1 i 2 1 _ 2 6 _ _Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------- 25 2. 12 - - !

j1 :------- 2

i" ! 13

!r~ 7 !

!1 - -

Packers, shipping ------------------------------------------- 216 2. 14 . . . .1! 8 32

16 30 i 25 ! 7 5 ! 96 . 1 1 _ 3 2

Manufacturing ------ ------- ------------------ 211 2. 12!

: - 11 8 !1 32 , 6 30 | 25 7 5 1 96l

1 1I

" 1 -

Receiving clerks ---------------------------------------------- 40 2.24 . . _ !! . ! 31

14 ! _ - 7 3 7 j z 1 _ 2Manufacturing ------ ------------- 36 2. 25 - - - - 2 - 14 1 " | 4 i 3 7 1 2

11 -

2

Shipping clerks ------------------------------------------------ 22 2. 37 _ _ _ _ j 3 j! 4 _ 3 . 2 4 1 2 2 1 1Manufacturing ------------------------ ------------------ 19 2.46 - - " ! ; j - " i 4 " 3 \ 2 4 2 2 1 1

T ru ck d rivers5 ------------- --------- ------------ 62 2. 39ii 1 j 1 6 ! 4 1 20 ' 4 2 3 10 6 5Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------- 50 2. 36 - - - "

1" ~ | 6 I 3 19i

4 r * j10 - 5

Truckdrivers, medium ( 1V 2 to and j|

1!including 4 tons) __________________________ 15 2.42 - - - - 1 i i - 2 1 3 1 j 2 - - - 5 -

Truckers, power (forklift) ___________________ 139 2. 21

I1

! 6

!i! ^ 17 34

)

58 5 4Manufacturing ------------------------------------------- 136 2. 21 - - | - 1------ : 1 6 ! 15 14 34 : 58 5|

1 4 -

Truckers, power (other than forklift) ------------Manufacturing ----------------------------------------------

65 2. 19 _ i . . ; 15 1 3 1 . _ 29 1811 - I !i . . .

65 2. 19 " ~ ' 15 ' 3 *"

29 18 : 1 i ' " '

Watchmen --------------------------------------------------------- 23 1.88 1 4 6 3 1 41

2j !

i 2Manufacturing -------------- ------- ------- -------- 17 1.93 1 6 1 3 1 : 4 2

i

: :

i1

1 Data limited to men w orkers except where otherwise indicated.2 Excludes premium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.3 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.4 W orkers w ere distributed as follow s: 1 at $ 1 to $ 1 . 1 0 ; 10 at $ 1. 10 to $ 1. 2 0 .5 Includes all drivers regardless o f size and type of truck operated.


8 B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions

Table B-l. Shift Differentials

(P e r c e n t o f m a n u factu r in g p lant w o r k e r s in e s ta b l is h m e n ts ha v in g fo r m a l p r o v is io n s fo r sh if t w ork , and in e s ta b lish m e n ts a c tu a lly o p er a t in g la te s h if ts by typ e and am ount o f d if fe r e n tia l, M u sk eg o n -M u sk eg o n H e ig h ts , M ic h ., M ay I960)

Shift d if fe r e n tia lIn e s ta b l ish m e n ts h a v in g fo r m a l

p r o v i s io n s 1 for In e s ta b l is h m e n ts a c tu a lly o p er a tin g Secon d sh ift

w o rkT h ird or o th er

sh ift w ork Secon d sh iftT h ird o r o th er

sh ift

T o ta l .......................................................................................... 9 8 .4 8 7 .7 1 5 .4 4 . 8

W ith sh ift pay d if fe r e n t ia l _____________________ 9 8 .4 8 7 . 7 15. 4 4 . 8

U n ifo rm c e n ts (p er hour) ---------------------------- 6 9 .4 6 3 .9 11. 2 4 . 35 c e n ts ---- ------------------------------------------------ 3 1 .6 7. 1 6. 0 . 96 c e n ts ------------------------------------------------------ 2 1 .7 16. 2 2. 6 -7 c e n ts ___________________________________ 9 .6 - 1. 7 _7 x/2 c e n ts ________ _______________________ .6 11. 3 . 3 1 .68 c e n ts ------------------------------------------ --------- . 3 1. 1 ( 2) ( 2)10 c e n ts ------------------------------------------------ 2 .6 19. 8 . 3 . 311 c e n ts ------------------------------------------------ - - 1 .7 - . 212 c e n ts _________________________________ - _ 3 .8 _ 1. 01 /z c e n ts _____________ ________________ - .6 - _14 c e n ts ------- ---------------------------------- - .9 - . 115 c e n ts ____________________ ____________ 1 .5 - . 1 -18 c e n ts __________________________________ 1 .4 1 .4 . 2 . 2

U n ifo rm p e r c e n ta g e --------------- ------------------- 6 .4 1 .0 1. 0 ( 2)5 p e r c e n t ------------ ---------------------------------- 6 .4 1. 0 1. 0 ( 2)

F u ll d a y 's p ay fo r red u ced h o u rs --------------- 22. 7 - 3. 3 -

O ther fo r m a l p ay d i f fe r e n tia l --------------------- - 22. 7 - . 4

No sh ift p ay d if fe r e n t ia l _______________________ - - - -

1 In c lu d e s e s ta b l ish m e n ts c u r r e n tly o p er a tin g la te s h if ts , and e sta b l ish m e n ts w ith fo r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g la te sh if ts e v e n th ough th e y w e r e not c u r r e n tly o p er a t in g la te s h if ts .

2 L e s s th an 0. 05 p e r c e n t .


9Table B-2. Minimum Entrance Salaries for Women Office W orkers

(D istr ib u tio n o f e s ta b lish m e n ts stu d ied in a l l in d u s tr ie s and in in d u str y d iv is io n s by m in im u m en tra n c e s a la r y for s e le c t e d c a te g o r ie s o f in e x p e r ie n c e d w o m en o ff ic e w o r k e r s , M uskegonM u sk egon H e ig h ts , M ic h . , M ay I960)

In e x p e r ie n c e d ty p is ts O ther in e x p e r ie n c e d c le r ic a l w o r k e r s 2

M in im u m w e e k ly s a la r y 1 A llin d u s tr ie s

M anu facturing N on m an u factu rin g M anu facturing N on m an u factu rin gB ased on stan dard w e e k ly h o u rs 3 o f A ll B a sed on stan d ard w e e k ly h o u rs 3 of

A lls c h e d u le s 40

A lls c h e d u le s 40

m du s tr ie sA ll

s c h e d u le s 40A ll

s c h e d u le s 40

E sta b lish m e n ts s tu d ied ------------------------------------------------ ------- 52 31 XXX 21 XXX 52 31 XXX 21 XXX

E sta b lish m e n ts h a v in g a s p e c if ie d m in im u m ------------------------- 24 17 17 7 7 28 17 17 11 11$ 3 7 .5 0 and under $ 4 0 . 00 ------------------------------------------------------- _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ 1 1$ 4 0 . 00 and un der $ 42 . 50 ____________________________________ 4 1 1 3 3 5 1 1 4 4$ 4 2 .5 0 and un der $ 4 5 .0 0 ---------------- ----------------------------------- 1 1 1 - - 2 1 1 1 1$ 45 . 00 and un der $ 47 . 50 ------------------------------------------------------- 3 3 3 - - 6 5 5 1 1$ 4 7 .5 0 and under $ 5 0 .0 0 ____________________________________ 3 3 3 - - 2 2 2 _ -$ 50. 00 and u n der $ 52 . 50 ------------------------------------------------------- 7 5 5 2 2 7 5 5 2 2$ 5 2 .5 0 and under $ 5 5 .0 0 ____________________________________ 1 1 1 - - - - - _ _$ 55. 00 and under $ 5 7 .5 0 ------------------------------------------------------- 1 1 1 - - 1 1 1 - -$ 5 7 .5 0 and un der $ 60 . 00 ------------------------------------------------------- 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1$ 6 0 .0 0 and un der $ 6 2 . 50 ------------------------------------------------------- 1 - - 1 1 1 - - 1 1$ 62. 50 and under $ 65 . 00 -------------------------- ---------------------- - - - - - - - - - -$ 65. 00 and under $ 6 7 .5 0 ------------------------------------------------------- 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 - -

E s ta b lish m e n ts h a v in g no s p e c if ie d m in im u m ------------------------- 9 8 XXX 1 XXX 9 8 XXX 1 XXXE sta b lish m e n ts w h ich d id not em p lo y w o r k e r s

in th is c a te g o r y ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 19 6 XXX 13 XXX 15 6 XXX 9 XXX

1 L o w est s a la r y r a te fo r m a lly e s ta b lish e d fo r h ir in g in e x p e r ie n c e d w o r k e r s fo r typ in g o r o th er c le r ic a l jo b s .2 R a te s a p p lic a b le to m e s s e n g e r s , o ff ic e g ir ls , or s im ila r s u b c le r ic a l jo b s a r e not c o n s id e r e d .3 H ou rs r e f le c t th e w o rk w eek for w h ich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e th e ir r e g u la r s tr a ig h t - t im e s a la r ie s . D ata a r e p r e s e n te d fo r a l l w o r k w e e k s com b in ed , and fo r th e m o st co m m o n w o rk w eek r e p o r te d .

Table B-3. Scheduled W eek ly Hours

(P e r c e n t d is tr ib u tio n o f o ff ic e and p lant w o r k e r s in a l l in d u s tr ie s and in in d u str y d iv is io n s by sch ed u led w e e k ly h o u rs o f f i r s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s , M uskegonM uskegon H e ig h ts , M ic h ., M ay I960)

W eek ly h o u rsOFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS

All industries 3 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 All industries3 Manufacturing Public utilities 2

A ll w o r k e r s ------------------------------------------------------- 100 100 100 100 100 10040 h o u rs ------------------------------------------------------------ 98 99 100 83 83 9342, 42 xlz, o r 44 ho u rs ----------------------------------- 2 1 - 1 145 h o u rs ------------------------------------------------------------ - - - 2 2 548 h o u rs ------------------------------------------------------------ (4 ) - - 13 13 1O ver 48 ho u rs --------------------------------------------------- 1 1

1 In c lu d es data fo r w h o le sa le tr a d e; r e ta il tr a d e; fin a n c e , in su r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v i c e s in ad d ition to th o s e in d u str y d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a te ly . T r a n sp o r ta tio n , co m m u n ica tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u t i l i t ie s .3 In c lu d es da ta fo r w h o le sa le tr a d e , r e ta i l tr a d e , r e a l e s ta te , and s e r v i c e s in ad d ition to th o s e in d u str y d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a te ly .4 L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t.


1 0

Table B-4. Paid Holidays

(P e r c e n t d is tr ib u tio n o f o f f ic e and p lant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s tr ie s and in in d u str y d iv is io n s by n u m b er o f p a id h o lid a y s p r o v id e d an n u a lly . M uskegonM uskegon H e ig h ts . M ich . , M ay I960)

OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERSItem

All industries* Manufacturing Public utilities 2 All industries3 Manufacturing Public utilities 2

A ll w orkers 100 100 100 100 100 100

W ork ers in establish m en ts providingpaid holidays --------------------------------------------------------- 99 100 100 99 100 100

W ork ers in establish m en ts providing(4 ) (4 )no paid holidays ______________________________

'-

Number of days

3 holidays - ----- !6 holidays ------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 7 7 13 9 196 holidays plus 2 h alf days ---------------------------------- 59 83 - 69 77 -7 holidays ------------------ - ~ - ----- -------- 20 7 93 14 11 818 holidays ------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 3 - 3 3 -9 holidays ------------------ _ _ - 6 - - - - -10 h o l i d a y s ---------------------------------------------------------------- 3

" ' -

Total holiday timo5

10 days - - _ 39 or m ore days -------- -------- __ ---------- _ 9 - - - - -8 or m ore days __ __ __ _ _ ---------- 12 3 - 3 3 -7 or m ore days -------------------------------------------------------- 92 93 93 86 91 816 or m ore days _ __ - ---------- 99 100 100 99 100 1003 or m ore days _________ _____ __ _ _ -------- 99 100 100 99 100 100

1 In c lu d es d a ta fo r w h o le sa le trad e; r e ta i l tr a d e , f in a n c e , in su r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v i c e s in ad d ition to th o se in d u str y d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a te ly .2 T r a n sp o r ta tio n , co m m u n ic a tio n , and o th er p u b lic u t i l i t i e s .3 In c lu d es da ta fo r w h o le sa le tr a d e , r e ta i l tr a d e , r e a l e s t a te , and s e r v i c e s in ad d ition to th o se in d u str y d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a te ly .4 L e s s than 0 . 5 p e r c e n t .5 A ll c o m b in a tio n s o f fu ll and h a lf d a ys that add to th e s a m e am ount a r e com b in ed ; for e x a m p le , the p r o p o r tio n o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g a to ta l o f 7 d a ys in c lu d e s th o se w ith 7 fu ll d a ys and

no h a lf d a y s , 6 fu ll d a ys and 2 h a lf d a y s , 5 fu ll da ys and 4 h a lf d a y s , and s o on . P ro p o r tio n s w e r e th en cu m u la ted .


1 1

Table B-5. Paid Vacations

(P ercen t distribution of office and plant w orkers in a ll in du stries and in industry d ivision s by vacation pay p rovision s, MuskegonM uskegon Heights, M ic h ., M ay I960)

V a c a tio n p o lic yOFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKER8

All industries1 Manufacturing Public utilities2 All industries2 Manufacturing Public utilities2

1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0

M e t h o d o f p a y m o n t

W o r k er s in e s ta b l ish m e n ts p rov id in gpaid v a c a tio n s ------------------------------------------------------------ 99 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0L e n g th -o f -t im e pa ym en t ---------------------------------- 99 99 1 0 0 65 62 1 0 0P e r c e n ta g e p a ym en t -------------------------------------------- (4 ) 1 - 35 38 -

W o r k er s in e s ta b l is h m e n ts p ro v id in gno pa id v a c a tio n s ----------------------------------------------------- - - - - -

A m o u n t o f v o c a t i o n p a y 5

A fte r 6 m o n th s o f s e r v ic eU nd er 1 w e e k --------- -------------------- -------------------------- 4 6 _ 43 47 141 w p p Jt - _ __ ____ - 61 72 7 3 1 5O ver 1 and u n der 2 w e e k s ____________________ 1 2 - 1 1 -

A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e1 w e e k __________________________________________ 22 6 89 70 67 91O ver 1 and under 2 w e e k s ________________________ ( 4 ) 1 - 27 302 w e e k s --------------- --------- ---------------------------------- 76 91 11 2 1 9O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s ---------------------------------- - - - 1 1 _3 w e e k , ------------------ ------------------------------------------------------ 1 2 " -

A fte r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e1 w e e k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 2 11 61 65 26O ver 1 and u n der 2 w e e k s ----- ---------------------------- (4 ) 1 - 28 30 _2 w e e k s --------------- ---------------------- --------- 94 95 89 1 0 3 74O ver 2 and un der 3 w e e k s ---------------------------------- - - - 1 1 -3 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 2 - - - -

A fte r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e1 w e e k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 2 5 28 31 7O ver 1 and un der 2 w e e k s ------------------------------------- (4 ) 1 - 53 59 _2 w e e k s ------------------------- --------- ---------------------------------- 96 95 95 17 9 93O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s ________________________ - - - 1 1 _3 w e e k s ,----------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 2 - - - -

A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e1 u/ aV (4 ) 1 _ (4 ) _O ver 1 and un der 2 w e e k s ------------------------------ - - 2 2 -2 w e e k s -_-________________ _________ __________ 97 96 100 74 73 1 0 0O ver 2 and u n der 3 w e e k s ------------------------- - - - - - 22 25 -3 w e e k s --------------- -------------------------------------- 3 3 1 (4 )

S ee fo o tn o te s at end of tab le ,


1 2

Table B-5. Paid Vacations-Continued

(P e r c e n t d is tr ib u t io n o f o f f ic e and p lant w o r k e r s in a l l in d u s tr ie s and in in d u str y d iv is io n s by v a c a tio n pay p r o v is io n s , M uskegonM u sk egon H e ig h ts , M ic h ., M ay I960)

V a c a tio n p o lic yOFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS

All industries1 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 All industries3 Manufacturing Public utilities 2

Amount off vacation p a y 5 Continued

A fte r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e

1 w e e k ______________________ _______________-__ (4 ) 1 (4 )2 w e e k s _____________ _____________________ 46 45 68 33 33 59O ver 2 and un der 3 w e e k s ___________________ 26 38 - 49 553 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------------ 28 17 32 17 12 41


! w e e k _________________________________________ (4 ) 1 (4 )2 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------- ------ 11 9 6 9 9 _O ver 2 and u n der 3 w e e k s -------------------------- _ - - 4 5 _3 w e e k s ------------------ ------- __ ----------- ---------- 88 91 94 85 86 100O ver 3 and under 4 w e e k s ----------------------------- - - - 1 1 -

A fter 20 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e

! w e e k _________________________________________ (4 ) 1 (4 )2 wp.p>k s _ - 11 9 6 4 3 _O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s ---------------- *----------- - - - 6 7 _3 w e e k s --------------- --------------------- --------------- 84 89 83 77 79 84O ver 3 and u n der 4 w e e k s ----------------------------- - - - 8 9 _4 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------------ 4 2 10 5 2 16


1 w e e k ________ _________________________________ (4 ) 1 (4 )2 w e e k s _______________________________________ 11 9 6 4 3 _O ver 2 and u n der 3 w e e k s ----------------------------- - - - 6 7 _3 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------------ 78 87 64 71 75 54O ver 3 and un der 4 w e e k s ----------------------------- - - - 8 9 _4 w e e k s ____________________ _________________ 10 4 30 11 6 46

1 In c lu d e s d a ta fo r w h o le sa le tr a d e; r e ta i l tr a d e; f in a n c e , in su r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v i c e s in ad d ition to th o s e in d u str y d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a te ly .2 T r a n sp o r ta tio n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th er p u b lic u t i l i t i e s .3 In c lu d e s d a ta fo r w h o le sa le tr a d e , r e ta i l tr a d e , r e a l e s ta te , and s e r v i c e s in ad d ition to th o se in d u str y d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a te ly .4 L e s s th an 0. 5 p e r c e n t .5 P e r io d s o f s e r v i c e w e r e a r b itr a r i ly c h o s e n and do not n e c e s s a r i ly r e f le c t th e in d iv id u a l p r o v is io n s fo r p r o g r e s s io n s . F o r ex a m p le , the c h a n g e s in p r o p o r tio n s in d ic a te d at 10 y e a r s '

s e r v ic e in c lu d e ch a n g e s in p r o v is io n s o c c u r r in g b e tw ee n 5 and 10 y e a r s .NO T E : In th e ta b u la tio n s o f v a c a tio n a llo w a n c e s by y e a r s o f s e r v i c e , p a y m e n ts o th er than " len gth o f t im e , " su ch a s p e r c e n ta g e o f annual e a r n in g s o r f la t - s u m p a y m e n ts , w e r e c o n v e r te d

to an e q u iv a le n t t im e b a s is ; fo r e x a m p le , a p a ym en t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f an nual e a r n in g s w a s c o n s id e r e d a s 1 w e e k 's pay.


13

Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans

(P e r c e n t o f o ff ic e and p lant w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s tr ie s and in in d u str y d iv is io n s em p lo y ed in e s ta b lish m e n ts p rov id in g h e a lth , in su r a n c e , or p e n s io n b e n e f its , M uskegonM uskegon H e ig h ts , M ic h ., M ay I960)

T ype o f b en efitOFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS

All industries1 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 All industries3 Manufacturing Public utilities 2

100 100 100 100 100 100

W ork ers in e s ta b lish m e n ts prov id in g:

L ife in su ra n c e 99 100 95 98 100 93A cc id e n ta l d ea th and d ism e m b e r m e n ti n s u r a n c e ____________________ ______________ 77 79 69 77 80 63

S ic k n e s s and a cc id en t in su ra n c e ors ic k le a v e or b o th 4 __ ___________________ 96 95 100 96 98 100

S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in su r a n c e ----------- 56 61 66 79 83 54S ick le a v e (fu ll p ay and no

w a itin g p er iod ) ---- ----------------------------- 48 46 34 11 9 46S ick le a v e (p a r tia l pay orw a itin g p er io d ) -------------------------------------- 4 4 15 15

H o s p ita lis a t io n in su r a n c e __________________ 88 99 43 92 i 98 67S u r g ic a l in su ra n c e -------------------------------------- 88 99 43 92 i 98 67M ed ica l in su r a n c e ----------------------------------------- 86 97 43 87 ! 92 60C a ta stro p h e in su r a n c e --------------------------------- 31 43 5 31 ! 34 7R e tir e m e n t p e n sio n ________________________ 78 75 87 79 ! 80 79No h ea lth , in su r a n c e , o r p e n sio n p lan ____ ( 5) 1

1 In clu d es data for w h o le sa le trad e; r e ta i l trad e; f in a n c e , in su r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v i c e s in ad d ition to th o se in d u str y d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a te ly .2 T r a n sp o r ta tio n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th er p u b lic u t i l i t ie s .3 In clu d es data for w h o le sa le tr a d e , r e ta i l tr a d e , r e a l e s t a te , and s e r v i c e s in ad d ition to th o se in d u stry d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a te ly .4 U nd up licated to ta l o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s ic k le a v e or s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in su ra n c e show n s e p a r a te ly b e lo w . S ic k - le a v e p lan s a r e lim ite d , to th o se w h ich d e f in ite ly e s ta b l is h at le a s t

th e m in im u m num ber o f d a y s ' pay that can be e x p e c te d by e a c h e m p lo y e e . In fo rm al s ic k - le a v e a llo w a n c e s d e ter m in e d on an in d iv id u a l b a s is a r e e x c lu d ed .5 L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t .


15

Appendix: Occupational Descriptions

T he prim ary purpose of preparing job d esc rip tio n s for the B ureaus w age surveys is to a s s i s t i ts fie ld s ta f f in c la s s ify in g in to app rop ria te occu p atio n s w orkers who are em ployed under a varie ty of payro ll t i t le s and d iffe ren t work arrangem ents from es tab lish m en t to e s ta b lish m e n t and from area to a rea . T h is is e s s e n tia l in order to perm it the grouping of o ccupationa l w age ra te s rep resen tin g Comparable job co n te n t. B ecau se of th is em phasis on in te re s tab lish m en t and in te ra rea com parab ility of o ccupational co n ten t, the B ureaus job d esc rip tio n s may d iffe r s ig n ifican tly from tho se in u se in ind iv idual e s tab lish m en ts or th o se p repared for o ther pu rposes in apply ing th e s e job d e sc rip tio n s , the B u re a u 's fie ld econom ists are in s tru c ted to exclude working su p e rv iso rs , a p p ren tice s , le a rn e rs , b eg in n ers , tra in e e s , hand icapped w orkers, part-tim e, tem porary, and probationary w orkers.

O F F I C E

BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR

P rep a res s ta te m e n ts , b il ls , and in v o ices on a m achine o th er than an ordinary or e lec tro m atic typew riter. May a lso k eep reco rd s a s to b illin g s or sh ipp ing ch arg es or perform o ther c le r ic a l work in c id en ta l to b illing o p era tio n s . F o r w age s tudy p u rp o se s , b il le rs , m achine, are c la s s if ie d by type of m achine, a s fo llow s:

Biller, machine (billing machine} U se s a s p e c ia l b illin g mach ine (Moon H opkins, E llio tt F ish e r , B urroughs, e tc . , w hich a re com bination typ ing and adding m ach ines) to p repare b ills and invo ices from cu sto m ers p u rch ase o rders, in te rn a lly p repared o rders, shipping memorandum, e tc . U sually inv o lv es ap p lica tio n of p redeterm ined d isco u n ts and sh ipp ing ch arg es and en try o f n e c e ssa ry e x te n s io n s , w hich may or may no t be com puted on the b illin g m ach ine , and to ta ls which are au tom atica lly accum ulated by m achine. The opera tion u su a lly invo lves a large num ber of c a r Don c o p ie s of the b ill being p repared and is o ften done on a fanfold m achine.

Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine) Uses a bookkeeping m achine (S undstrand, E llio tt F ish e r , R em ington R and, e tc . , w hich may or may not have typew riter keyboard) to p repare c u s to m e rs b ills a s part of the accou n ts rece iv ab le o p era tio n . G enerally in vo lves the sim u ltaneous en try of figures on cu s to m ers ledger record . The m achine au tom atica lly accum u la tes figures on a number of v e r tic a l colum ns and com putes and u su a lly p rin ts au to m atica lly the d eb it or c red it b a la n c e s . D oes not invo lve a know ledge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and s tand ard ty p es of s a le s and cred it s l ip s .

O p era tes a bookkeeping m achine (R em ington R and, E ll io tt F ish er, Sundstrand , B urroughs, N ational C ash R e g is te r , w ith or w ith out a typew riter keyboard) to keep a record of b u s in e s s tra n sa c tio n s .

Class A K eeps a s e t of records requ iring a know ledge of and exp erien ce in b a s ic bookkeeping p rin c ip le s and fam ilia rity with the s tru c tu re of the p articu lar accoun ting sy s te m u se d . D eterm ines proper records and d is trib u tio n of d eb it and cred it item s to be u sed in eac h p h ase of the work. May p repare c o n so lid a te d re p o rts , b a lan ce s h e e ts , and other records by hand.

Class B K eeps a record of one or more p h a se s or s e c tio n s of a s e t of records u sua lly requiring l i t t le know ledge of b a s ic bookkeeping. P h a se s or se c tio n s inc lude accou n ts payab le , payro ll, c u s to m ers accou n ts (not includ ing a sim ple type of b illin g d esc rib ed under b ille r, m achine), c o s t d is tr ib u tio n , ex p en se d is tribu tion , inventory con tro l, e tc . May ch eck or a s s i s t in p rep ara tion of t r ia l b a lan ces and prepare con tro l s h e e ts for th e a c counting departm ent.

CLERK, ACCOUNTING

Class A Under genera l d irec tion of a bookkeeper or a c coun tan t, h a s re sp o n sib ility for keep ing one or more s e c t io n s of a com plete s e t of books or records re la tin g to one p h a se of an e s tab lish m en ts b u s in e ss tra n sa c tio n s . Work inv o lv es p o stin g and


16

CLERK, ACCOUNTING Continuedbalancing su b s id ia ry ledger or ledgers such a s accoun ts re c e iv ab le or accou n ts payab le ; exam ining and coding inv o ices or vouchers with proper accoun ting d is trib u tio n ; req u ires judgm ent and ex perience in making proper a s s ig n a tio n s and a llo c a tio n s . May a s s is t in p reparing , ad ju s tin g , and c lo sin g jou rnal e n trie s ; may d irec t c la s s B accoun ting c le rk s .

Class B Under su pe rv is ion , perform s one or more rou tine accoun ting operations such a s posting sim ple jou rnal vouchers, accoun ts payab le vouchers, en tering vouchers in voucher re g is te r s ; reconciling bank accou n ts; posting su b s id ia ry led ge rs con tro lled by genera l led ge rs . T h is job does not requ ire a know ledge of accounting and bookkeeping p rinc ip les but is found in o ffices in which the more routine accoun ting work is subd iv ided on a functio n a l b a s is among se v e ra l w orkers.

CLERK, FILEClass A R esp o n sib le for m aintaining an e s ta b lis h e d filing

system . C la s s if ie s and indexes correspondence or o ther m aterial; may a lso file th is m ate ria l. May keep records of various typ es in conjunction with f i le s or su p e rv ise o thers in f ilin g and lo c a tin g m aterial ih the f i le s . May perform in c id en ta l c le r ic a l d u tie s .

Class Perform s routine filing , u sua lly of m aterial tha t has a lready been c la s s if ie d , or lo c a te s or a s s i s t s in locating mate r ia l in the f i le s . May perform in c id en ta l c le r ic a l d u tie s .

CLERK, ORDERR e ce iv e s cu s to m ers ' o rders for m ate ria l or m erchand ise by

m ail, phone, or p e rso n a lly . D u ties involve any combination o f the following: Quoting p rices to custom ers; making out an order s h e e tlis tin g the item s to make up the order; checking p rices and q u a n titie s of item s on otder sh e e t; d is trib u tin g order sh e e ts to re sp e c tiv e d e partm ents to be filled . May check w ith c re d it departm ent to d e te rmine cred it ra ting of custom er, acknow ledge re c e ip t of o rders from custom ers, follow up orders to se e th a t they have been fille d , keep file of orders rece ived , and -c h eck sh ipp ing in v o ices w ith o rig in a l orders.

CLERK, PAYROLLCom putes w ages of company em ployees and en te rs the n e c e s

sary data on the payro ll sh e e ts . D uties involve: C a lcu la tin g w orkers earn ings b ased on tim e or production reco rd s; p o stin g c a lc u la te d da ta on payro ll sh e e t, show ing inform ation such a s w orkers nam e, working d ay s, tim e, ra te , deductions for in su ran ce , and to ta l w ages due. May make out p aychecks and a s s is t paym aster in making up and d is tr ib uting pay en v e lo p es . May use a c a lcu la tin g m achine.COMPTOMETER OPERATOR

Prim ary duty is to operate a Com ptom eter to perform m athem atical com putations. T h is job is not to be confused w ith th a t of s ta t i s t ic a l or o ther type of c lerk , which may involve frequent u se of a Com ptom eter but, in w hich, use of th is m achine is in c id en ta l to perform ance of o ther d u tie s .DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO)

Under genera l superv is ion and w ith no superv iso ry resp o n s ib i l i t ie s , rep roduces m ultiple cop ies of typew ritten or handw ritten m atter, u sing a Mimeograph or D itto m achine. M akes n e cessa ry a d ju s tm ents such as for ink and paper feed coun ter and cy linder sp eed . Is not required to prepare s te n c il or D itto m aster. May keep file of used s te n c ils or D itto m aste rs . May so rt, c o lla te , and s ta p le com pleted m ate ria l.

KEYPUNCH OPERATORUnder g en era l su perv is ion and w ith no superv iso ry re sp o n s i

b il i t ie s , reco rds accoun ting and s ta t i s t ic a l d a ta on tab u la tin g card s by punching a s e r ie s of h o les in the cards in a sp e c if ie d seq u en ce , using an a lp h a b e tic a l or a num erical keypunch m achine, follow ing w ritten inform ation on reco rd s. May dup lica te c a rd s by u sing the duplica ting dev ice a ttach ed to m achine. May keep f i le s of punch ca rd s . May verify own work or work of o th ers.

OFFICE BOY OR GIRLPerform s various routine d u tie s such a s running errand s,

operating minor office m achines such a s s e a le rs or m a ile rs , opening and d is trib u tin g m ail, and o ther minor c le r ic a l work.


SECRETARYPerform s s e c re ta r ia l and c le r ic a l d u tie s for a su pe rio r in an

adm in istra tive or execu tive p o sitio n . D u ties inc lude m aking appo in tm ents for superior; rece iv ing people com ing in to o ffice ; answ ering and making phone c a l ls ; handling p erso n a l and im portant or co n fid e n ta l mail, and w riting rou tine co rrespondence on own in itia tiv e ; tak in g d ic ta tio n (where transcrib ing m achine is not u sed ) e ith e r in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar m achine, and tran scrib in g d ic ta tio n or the re corded inform ation reproduced on a tran scrib in g m ach ine. May p repare sp e c ia l reports or memorandums for inform ation of superio r.

STENOGRAPHER, GENERALPrim ary duty is to take d ic ta tio n from one or more p e rso n s,

e ithe r in shorthand or by S tenotype or s im ila r m achine, invo lv ing a normal routine vocabulary , and to tran sc rib e th is d ic ta tio n on a ty p ew riter. May a lso type from w ritten copy. May a lso s e t up and keep file s in order, keep sim ple reco rd s, e tc . Does not include transcribing- machine work (s e e transcrib ing-m achine operator).

STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICALPrim ary duty is to take d ic ta tio n from one or more p e rso n s,

e ithe r in shorthand or by Stenotype or s im ila r m achine, involv ing a varied tech n ica l or sp e c ia liz e d vocabulary such a s in leg a l b rie fs or reports on s c ie n tif ic resea rch and to tran sc rib e th is d ic ta tio n on a typew riter. May a lso type from w ritten copy . May a lso s e t up and keep file s in order, keep sim ple reco rds, e tc . Does not include transcribing* machine work.

SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR

O perates a s in g le - or m u ltip le-position te lephone sw itchboard . D u ties involve handling incom ing, ou tgoing, and in trap lan t or office c a lls . May record to ll c a l ls and take m e ssa g e s . May give inform ation to persons who c a ll in , or o ccas io n a lly take te lephone o rders. F o r w orkers who a lso a c t as re c e p tio n is ts se e sw itchboard opera to r-recep tion is t.

17

SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTIn addition to perform ing d u tie s of operator, on a s in g le p o s i

tion or m onitor-type sw itchboard , a c ts a s re c e p tio n is t and may a lso type or perform routine c le r ic a l work a s part of regular d u tie s . T h is typing or c le r ic a l work may take the major part of th is w o rk er's tim e w hile a t sw itchboard .

TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATORO perates m achine th a t au tom atica lly an a ly zes and tra n s la te s

inform ation punched in groups of tab u la ting card s and p rin ts t r a n s la ted data on forms or accoun ting re c o rd s ; s e ts or a d ju s ts m achine; does sim ple w iring of plugboards accord ing to e s ta b lish e d p rac tice or d iagram s; p la ces ca rd s to be tab u la ted in feed m agazine and s ta r ts m achine. May file ca rd s a fte r they are tab u la ted . May, in addition , operate aux iliary m achines.

TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERALPrim ary duty is to tran sc rib e d ic ta tio n involving a normal

routine vocabulary from tran scrib in g -m ach in e reco rds. May a lso type from w ritten copy and do sim ple c le r ic a l work. Workers tran sc rib in g d ic ta tio n involving a varied te c h n ic a l or sp e c ia liz e d vocabulary su ch as le g a l b riefs or reports on s c ie n tif ic re se a rc h are not inc lu d ed . A worker who ta k e s d ic ta tio n in shorthand or by S tenotype or s im ila r m achine is c la s s if ie d as a stenog rapher, genera l.

TYPISTU ses a typew riter to make co p ie s of various m a te ria l or to

make out b ills a fte r ca lc u la tio n s have been made by ano ther p erso n . May do c le r ic a l work involving l it t le s p e c ia l tra in in g , such a s keep ing sim ple reco rd s, filing records and rep o rts or so rtin g and d is trib u tin g incom ing m ail.


18

TYPIST Continued TYPIST Continued

C la s s A Perform s on e o r m ore o f th e fo llo w in g : Typing ma- in sp ac in g ; typing ta b le s from rough d ra ft in fin a l form. May typete r ia l in fina l form from very rough and involved d raft; copying rou tine form le t te rs , varying d e ta i ls to su it c ircu m stan ces .from p la in or co rrec ted copy in which there is a frequen t and varied C la ss f i_ P e r f o rm s on e o r m ore o f th e fo llo w in g : T yping fromu se of te c h n ic a l and u n usu a l words or from foreign-language copy; re la tiv e ly c le a r or typed d ra fts ; rou tine typ ing of form s, in su ran cecom bining m aterial^ from se v e ra l so u rces , or p lanning layou t of p o lic ie s , e tc . , s e ttin g up sim ple s tand ard tab u la tio n s , or copyingcom plicated s ta t i s t i c a l ta b le s to m aintain uniform ity and b a lan ce more com plex ta b le s a lready s e t up and sp aced properly .

P R O F E S S I O N A L A N D T E C H N I C A L

DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman)

Draws to s c a le u n its or p a rts of draw ings p repared by d ra f ts man or o thers for eng ineering , co n s tru c tio n , or m anufacturing p u rp o ses . U ses various ty p es of d rafting too ls a s requ ired . May p repare draw ings from sim ple p la n s or s k e tc h e s , or perform o ther d u tie s under d irec tio n of a d raftsm an.DRAFTSMAN, LEADER

P la n s and d ire c ts a c t iv it ie s of one or more draftsm en in prepara tio n of working p la n s and d e ta i l draw ings from rough or p relim inary sk e tc h e s for eng ineering , co n s tru c tio n , or m anufacturing p u rp o ses . D u ties invo lve a co m b in a tion o f th e fo llo w in g : In terp re ting b lu ep rin ts , sk e tc h e s , and w ritten or verba l o rd ers ; determ in ing work p ro ced u res ; a s s ig n in g d u tie s to su bo rd in a tes and in sp e c tin g th e ir work; perform ing more d ifficu lt problem s. May a s s i s t su b o rd in a tes during em ergencies or a s a regu lar a ss ig n m en t, or perform re la te d d u tie s of a su perv iso ry or adm in istra tive n a tu re .

DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR

P rep ares w orking p lans and d e ta il draw ings from n o te s , rough or d e ta iled sk e tc h e s for en g ineering , co n s tru c tio n , or m anufacturing purp o se s . D u ties involve a co m b in a tio n o f th e fo llo w in g : P rep aring working p la n s , d e ta il d raw ings, m aps, c ro s s - s e c t io n s , e tc . , to s c a le by u se of drafting instrum en ts; m aking eng ineering com putations su ch a s th o se involved in s tren g th of m a te ria ls , beam s and tru s s e s ; verify ing comp le te d work, check ing d im en sio n s, m a te ria ls to be u sed , and q u a n tit ie s ;

DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Continued

w riting sp e c if ic a tio n s ; m aking ad justm en ts or changes in draw ings or sp e c if ic a tio n s . May ink in lin es and le tte rs on p en c il d raw ings, prepare d e ta il un its of com plete d raw ings, or trace draw ings. Work is frequently in a sp e c ia liz e d fie ld su ch a s a rc h ite c tu ra l, e le c tr ic a l , m echan ica l, or s tru c tu ra l d rafting .

NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED)

A reg is te red nurse who g ives nursing se rv ice to i l l or injured em ployees or o ther p erso n s who become i ll or suffer an ac c id e n t on the prem ises of a factory or o ther es tab lish m en t. D u ties involve a com b in a tio n o f th e fo llo w in g : G iving firs t a id to the i l l or in ju red ; a tten d in g .o subsequen t d re ss in g of em ployees in ju rie s ; keep ing records of p a tie n ts trea ted ; preparing ac c id e n t repo rts for com pensation or o ther p u rp oses; conducting p h y sica l exam inations and hea lth ev a lu a tio n s of a p p lican ts and em ployees; and p lanning and carrying out program s involving health education , acc id en t p reven tion , ev a lu a tio n of p lan t environm ent, or o ther a c tiv it ie s a ffec tin g the h ea lth , w elfare , and sa fe ty of a l l personne l.

TRACER

C opies p lans and draw ings prepared by o th ers, by p lac ing tra c ing c lo th or paper over draw ing and trac in g w ith pen or p e n c il. U ses T -square , com pass, and o ther d rafting to o ls . May prepare sim ple drawings and do sim ple le tte rin g .


M A IN TEN A N C E

CARPENTER, MAINTENANCEPerform s the carpentry d u tie s n e c e ssa ry to co n stru c t and m ain

ta in in good rep a ir building woodwork and equipm ent such a s b in s , c rib s , coun ters, b en ch es, p a rtitio n s , doors, floo rs, s ta ir s , c a s in g s , and trim made of wood in an e s tab lish m en t. Work invo lves m o st o f th e fo llo w in g : Plann ing and lay ing out of work from b lu ep rin ts , d raw ings, m odels, or verbal in s tru c tio n s ; using a varie ty of ca rp en te rs h an d to o ls, po rtab le power to o ls , and standard m easuring instrum en ts; making standard shop com putations re la tin g to d im ensions of work; s e le c tin g m ate ria ls n e c e ssa ry for the work. In genera l, the work of the m ain tenance carpen ter requires rounded tra in ing and experience u sua lly acqu ired through a formal ap p ren tice sh ip or equ iva len t tra in ing and ex p erien ce .ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE

Perform s a variety of e le c tr ic a l trade functions such as the in s ta lla tio n , m ain tenance, or repair of equipm ent for the genera ting , d is tribu tion , or u tiliza tio n of e le c tric energy in an e s tab lish m en t. Work involves m o st o f th e fo llo w in g : In s ta llin g or repairing any of a varie ty of e le c tr ic a l equipm ent such as g en era to rs , transfo rm ers, sw itchboards, co n tro lle rs , c ircu it b reak ers , m otors, heating u n its , conduit sy stem s, or other tran sm issio n equipm ent; working from b lu ep rin ts , draw ings, lay out, or o ther sp e c if ic a tio n s ; loca tin g and d iagnosing trouble in the e le c tr ic a l sy stem or equipm ent; working standard com putations re la tin g to load requirem ents of w iring or e le c tr ic a l equipm ent; u sing a varie ty of e le c tr ic ia n s hand too ls and m easuring and te s tin g instrum en ts. In genera l, the work of the m aintenance e le c tric ia n requ ires rounded train ing and experience u sua lly acquired through a form al ap p ren tice sh ip or equ ivalen t tra in ing and ex p erien ce .ENGINEER, STATIONARY

O perates and m ain tains and may a lso su p e rv ise the operation of s ta tio n ary eng in es and equipm ent (m echan ical or e le c tr ic a l) to su p ply the es tab lish m en t in which em ployed w ith pow er, h e a t, re frig e ra tion , or a ir-cond ition ing . Work inv o lv es: O perating and m aintaining equipm ent such a s steam en g in es , a ir com presso rs, g en era to rs , motors tu rb in es , v en tila tin g and refrigera ting equipm ent, steam b o ile rs and boiler-fed w ater pum ps; m aking equipm ent rep a irs ; keeping a record of operation of m achinery , tem perature, and fuel consum ption. May a ls o su p e rv ise th e se opera tio n s. H ead or c h ie f e n g in eers in e s ta b lish m e n ts em p lo y in g m ore than on e en g in eer are e x c lu d e d .

19

D P O W E R P L A N T

FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILERF ire s s ta tio n ary bo ile rs to furn ish the es tab lish m en t in which

em ployed w ith h e a t, power, or steam . F e e d s fu e ls to fire by hand or o p era tes a m echan ica l s toker, g a s , or o il burner; ch eck s w ater and sa fe ty v a lv e s . May c lean , o il, or a s s i s t in rep a irin g boilerroom equipm ent.HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE

A s s is ts one or more w orkers in the sk ille d m ain tenance trad es , by perform ing sp e c ific or g enera l d u ties of le s s e r s k il l , such a s keeping a worker su pp lied w ith m ate ria ls and to o ls ; c lean ing w orking area , mach ine , and equipm ent; a s s is t in g worker by ho ld ing m a te ria ls or too ls ; perform ing o ther u n sk illed ta sk s a s d irec ted by journeym an. The kind of work the h e lper is perm itted to perform v a rie s from trade to trade : In some tra d e s the he lper is confined to supp ly ing , liftin g , and holding mate r ia ls and to o ls and c lean ing working a re a s ; and in o thers he is p e rm itted to perform sp e c ia liz e d m achine o p e ra tio n s , or p a rts of a trade tha t are a ls o perform ed by w orkers on a fu ll-tim e b a s is .

MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOMS p e c ia liz e s in the operation of one or more typ es of m achine

to o ls , such a s jig borers, cy lin d rica l or su rface g rinders, eng ine la th e s , or m illing m achines in the co nstruc tion of m achine-shop to o ls , gauges, jig s , fix tu re s , or d ie s . Work invo lves m o st o f th e fo llo w in g : P lann ing and perform ing d ifficu lt m achining o p era tio n s; p ro cess in g item s requiring com plicated se tu p s or a high degree of accu racy ; u sing a v arie ty of p re c is io n m easuring instrum en ts; se le c tin g fe e d s , sp e e d s , tooling and operation seq u en ce ; making n e c e ssa ry ad ju stm en ts during operation to ach ieve re q u is ite to le ra n c es or d im ensions. May be required to recogn ize when to o ls need d re ss in g , to d re ss to o ls , and to s e le c t proper coo lan ts and cu tting and lubrica ting o ils . For c ro ss-in d u stry wage study p u rposes , m achine-too l opera to rs , toolroom , in too l and d ie jobbing shops are excluded from th is c la s s if ic a tio n .

MACHINIST, MAINTENANCEP rod u ces rep lacem ent p a rts and new p a rts in m aking rep a irs of

m eta l p a rts of m echan ica l equipm ent opera ted in an es tab lish m en t. Work involves m o st o f th e fo llo w in g : In terp re ting w ritten in s tru c tio n s and sp e c if ic a tio n s ; p lanning and lay ing out of work; u sing a v a rie ty of mac h in is ts hand too ls and p rec is io n m easuring in stru m en ts; s e ttin g up and


20

MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE Continuedoperating s tand ard m achine too ls ; shap ing of m eta l p arts to c lo se to le ran ces ; making s tandard shop com putations re la tin g to d im ensions of work, too ling , feeds and sp eed s of m achining; know ledge of the working prope r tie s of the common m eta ls; s e le c tin g stand ard m a te ria ls , p a r ts , and equipm ent requ ired for h is work; fitting and assem b ling p arts into mech an ica l equipm ent. In genera l, the m ach in is ts work norm ally requ ires a rounded tra in ing in m achine-shop p rac tice u su a lly acqu ired through a formal ap p ren tice sh ip or equ iva len t tra in ing and ex p erien ce .MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE)

R epa irs au tom obiles, b u se s , m otortrucks, and trac to rs of an e s tab lishm en t. Work invo lves most o f the following: Exam ining autom otive equipm ent to d iagnose source of trouble; d isa ssem b lin g equipm ent and perform ing rep a irs tha t involve the use of such hand too ls a s w renches, gauges, d r ills , or sp e c ia liz e d equipm ent in d isassem b lin g or fittin g p a rts ; rep lacing broken or d efec tiv e parts from s to ck ; grinding and ad ju s ting v a lves; reassem b lin g and in s ta llin g the various a ssem b lie s in the veh ic le and making n e c e ssa ry ad justm en ts ; a lin ing w h eels , ad ju s tin g brakes and ligh ts , or tigh ten in g body b o lts . In g en era l, the work of the autom otive m echanic requ ires rounded train ing and experience u su a lly acqu ired through a form al ap p ren tice sh ip or eq u iv a len t tra in ing and ex p erien ce .

MECHANIC, MAINTENANCER epairs m achinery or m echan ica l equipm ent of an es tab lish m en t.

Work involves most o f the following: Exam ining m achines and m echanic a l equipm ent to d iagnose source of trouble; d ism antling or partly d is m antling m achines and perform ing rep a irs tha t mainly involve the u se of hand too ls in scrap ing and fittin g p arts ; rep lac in g broken or d e fec tiv e p a rts w ith item s ob tained from s to ck ; ordering the production of a re p la c e ment part by a m achine shop or send ing of the m achine to a m achine shop for major rep a irs ; preparing w ritten sp e c if ic a tio n s for major rep a irs or for

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