bls_1285-25_1961.pdf

Occupational Wage Survey

TRENTON, NEW JERSEY

DECEMBER 1960

Bulletin N o . 1285-25

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABORArthur J . Goldberg, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Bureau of Labor Statistics Regional Offices


Occupational Wage Survey

TRENTON, NEW JERSEY

D EC EM B ER 1960

Bulletin No. 1285-25February 1961

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABORArthur J . Goldberg, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D .C . Price 25 cents


Preface

T h e C o m m u n it y W a g e S u r v e y P r o g r a m

T h e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s r e g u l a r l y c o n d u c t s a r e a w id e w a g e s u r v e y s in a n u m b e r o f im p o r t a n t in d u s t r ia l c e n t e r s . T h e s t u d ie s , m a d e f r o m la t e f a l l to e a r l y s p r in g , r e la t e to o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s a n d r e la t e d s u p p le m e n t a r y b e n e f i t s . A p r e l i m i n a r y r e p o r t i s a v a i la b le o n c o m p le t i o n o f the s tu d y in e a c h a r e a , u s u a l ly in the m o n th f o l l o w in g the p a y r o l l p e r i o d s t u d ie d . T h is b u l le t in p r o v id e s a d d it io n a l d a ta n o t in c lu d e d in th e e a r l i e r r e p o r t . A c o n s o l id a t e d a n a ly t i c a l b u l l e t in s u m m a r iz in g th e r e s u l t s o f a l l o f the y e a r 's s u r v e y s i s i s s u e d a f t e r c o m p le t i o n o f the f in a l a r e a b u l le t in f o r the c u r r e n t r o u n d o f s u r v e y s .

T h is r e p o r t w a s p r e p a r e d in the B u r e a u 's r e g io n a l o f f i c e in N e w Y o r k , N . Y . , b y E l l i o t t A . B r o w a r , u n d e r the d i r e c t i o n o f F r e d e r i c k W . M u e l l e r , A s s i s t a n t R e g io n a l D i r e c t o r f o r W a g e s a n d I n d u s t r ia l R e la t i o n s .

Contents

P a g e

I n t r o d u c t io n _______________________________________________________________________ 1

T a b le s :

1. E s t a b l i s h m e n t s an d w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s u r v e y ___________ 2

A : O c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s : *A - 1. O f f i c e o c c u p a t io n s ____________________________________A - 2 . P r o f e s s i o n a l a n d t e c h n ic a l o c c u p a t i o n s _________A - 3 . M a in t e n a n c e an d p o w e r p la n t o c c u p a t io n s ______A - 4 . C u s t o d ia l a n d m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a t i o n s ________ 8

B : E s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s an d s u p p le m e n t a r y w a g ep r o v i s i o n s : *

B - 1 . S h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l s ______________________________________________ 9B - 2 . M in im u m e n t r a n c e s a l a r i e s f o r w o m e n o f f i c e

w o r k e r s __________________________________________________________ 10B -3 . S c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s ______________________________________ 11B - 4 . P a id h o l id a y s __________________________________________________ 12B - 5 . P a id v a c a t i o n s __________________________________________________ 13B - 6 . H e a lth , in s u r a n c e , an d p e n s io n p la n s _____________________ 15

A p p e n d ix : O c c u p a t io n a l d e s c r i p t i o n s _______________________________________ 17

* N O T E : S im i la r t a b u la t io n s f o r th e s e an d o t h e r i t e m s a r e a v a i la b le in the T r e n t o n a r e a r e p o r t f o r M a r c h 1 9 5 2 . A d i r e c t o r y in d ic a t in g d a te o f s tu d y an d th e p r i c e o f th is r e p o r t , a s w e l l a s o f r e p o r t s f o r o t h e r m a jo r a r e a s , i s a v a i la b le u p o n r e q u e s t .

U n io n s c a l e s , in d ic a t iv e o f p r e v a i l in g p a y l e v e l s in the T r e n t o n a r e a , a r e a l s o a v a i la b le f o r s e v e n s e l e c t e d b u i ld in g t r a d e s .

-j o

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Occupational Wage SurveyTrenton, N. J.

Introduction

This area is one of several important industrial centers in which the U. S. Department of Laborfs Bureau of Labor Statistics has conducted surveys of occupational earnings and related wage benefits on an areawide basis. In this area, data were obtained by personal visits of Bureau field econom ists to representative establishments within six broad industry divisions: Manufacturing; transportation ,1communication, and other public utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and serv ices . M ajor in dustry groups excluded from these studies are government operations and the construction and extractive industries. Establishments having few er than a prescribed number of workers are omitted also because they furnish insufficient employment in the occupations studied to w arrant inclusion. W herever possible, separate tabulations are provided for each of the broad industry divisions.

These surveys are conducted on a sample basis because of the unnecessary cost involved in surveying all establishments. To obtain appropriate accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of sm all establishments is studied. In combining the data, however, all establishments are given their appropriate weight. Estimates based on the establishments studied are presented, therefore, as r e lating to all establishments in the industry grouping and area, ex cept for those below the minimum size studied.

O c c u p a t io n s a n d E a r n in g s

The occupations selected for study are common to a variety of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries. Occupational c la s sification is based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of interestablishment variation in duties within the same job. (See appendix fo r listing of these descrip tions.) Earnings data are presented (in the A -se r ie s tables) for the following types of occupations: (a) Office clerica l; (b) professional and technical; (c) m aintenance and powerplant; and (d) custodial and m aterial movement.

Occupational employment and earnings data are shown for fu ll-tim e w orkers, i. e. , those hired to work a regular weekly schedule in the given occupational classification . Earnings data exclude premium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and

1 Railroads, form erly excluded from the scope of these studies, were included in all of the areas studied since July 1959, except Baltim ore, Buffalo, Cleveland, and Seattle. Railroads are now included in the scope of all labor-m arket wage surveys.

late shifts. Nonproduction bonuses are excluded also, but c o s t -o f- living bonuses and incentive earnings are included. Where weekly hours are reported, as for office c lerica l occupations, reference is to the work schedules (rounded to the nearest half hour) for which straight-tim e salaries are paid; average weekly earnings for these occupations have been rounded to the nearest half dollar.

Average earnings of men and women are presented separately for selected occupations in which both sexes are comm only employed. D ifferences in pay levels of men and women in these occupations are largely due to (1) differences in the distribution of the sexes among industries and establishments; (2) differences in specific duties p e r form ed, although the occupations are appropriately classified within the same survey job description; and (3) differences in length of se rv ice or m erit review when individual salaries are adjusted on this basis. Longer average serv ice of men would result in higher average pay when both sexes are employed within the same rate range. Job descriptions used in classifying employees in these surveys are usually m ore generalized than those used in individual establishments to allow for m inor differences among establishments in specific duties perform ed.

Occupational employment estimates represent the total in all establishments within the scope of the study and not the number actually surveyed. Because o f differences in occupational structure among establishments, the estimates of occupational employment obtained from the sample of establishments studied serve only to indicate the relative importance of the jobs studied. These differences in o ccu pational structure do not m aterially affect the accuracy of the earnings data.

Establishment P ractices and Supplementary Wage Provisions

Information is presented also (in the B -ser ies tables) on s e lected establishment practices and supplementary benefits as they r e late to office and plant w orkers. The term "o ffice w orkers, " as used in this bulletin, includes working supervisors and nonsupervisory workers perform ing clerica l or related functions, and excludes administrative, executive, and professional personnel. "Plant w orkers" include working forem en and all nonsupervisory workers (including lead- men and trainees) engaged in nonoffice functions. Adm inistrative, executive, and professional em ployees, and force-account construction em ployees who are utilized as a separate work force are excluded. Cafeteria workers and routemen are excluded in manufacturing industries, but are included as plant workers in nonmanufacturing industries.


2Table 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in Trenton, N. J. , l by major industry division,2 December I960

Industry division

Minimum employment in establish

ments in scope of study

Number of establishments Workers in establishments

Within scope of

study 3Studied

Within scope of study Studied

Total4 Office Plant Total4

All divisions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 50 170 76 42, 500 5, 900 30, 200 29, 820

Manufacturing --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50 111 48 32, 200 3, 900 23, 800 22, 590Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------------------------------------------- 50 59 28 10, 300 2, 000 6, 400 7, 230

Transportation, communication, and otherpublic utilities 5 --------------------------------------------------------------- 50 9 8 4, 000 700 2, 700 3, 930

Wholesale trade ------------------------------------------------------------------ 50 7 2 400 (6) (6) 100Retail trade -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50 18 7 2, 800 ( ) (6) 1, 370Finance, insurance, and real estate ------------------------------ 50 8 4 1, 200 (*) (6) 870Services7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50 17 7 1, 900 (6) (6) 960

1 The Trenton Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (M ercer County). The "workers within scope of study" estimates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The estimates are not intended, however, to serve as a basis of comparison with other area employment indexes to measure employment trends or levels since (1) planning of wage surveys requires the use of establishment data compiled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied, and (2) small establishments are excluded from the scope of the survey.

2 The 1957 revised edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual was used in classifying establishments by industry division. Major changes from the earlier edition (used in the Bureau's labor market wage surveys conducted prior to July 1958) are the transfer of milk pasteurization plants and ready-mixed concrete establishments from trade (wholesale or retail) to manufacturing, and the transfer of radio and television broadcasting from services to the transportation, communication, and other public utilities division.

3 Includes all establishments with total employment at or above the m inim um -size limitation. All outlets (within the area) of companies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair service, and motion-picture theaters are considered as 1 establishment.

4 Includes executive, professional, and other workers excluded from the separate office and plant categories.5 Taxicabs and services incidental to water transportation were excluded.6 This industry division is represented in estimates for "a ll industries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the series A and B tables. Separate presentation of data for this division is not made

for one or more of the following reasons: (1) Employment in the division is too small to provide enough data to merit separate study, (2) the sample was not designed initially to permit separate presentation, (3) response was insufficient or inadequate to permit separate presentation, (4) there is possibility of disclosure of individual establishment data.

7 Hotels; personal services; business services; automobile repair shops; motion pictures; nonprofit membership organizations; and engineering and architectural services.


Shift d ifferen tia l data (table B - l ) are lim ited to m anufacturing industries . This in form ation is presen ted both in term s o f (a) esta b lishm ent p o l i c y ,2 presen ted in term s o f total plant w ork er em p loy m ent, and (b) e ffectiv e p ra ctice , presen ted on the basis o f w ork ers actually em ployed on the sp ecified shift at the tim e o f the survey. In establishm ents having varied d ifferen tia ls , the amount applying to a m a jor ity was used o r , if no amount applied to a m a jor ity , the c la s sifica tion "o th e r" was used. In establishm ents in which som e la te - shift hours are paid at n orm al rates, a d ifferen tia l was re cord ed only if it applied to a m a jor ity o f the shift hours.

M inim um entrance rates (table B -2 ) relate only to the esta b lishm ents v isited . They are presen ted on am establishm ent, rather than on an em ploym ent b a sis . P aid holidays; paid vacations; and health, insurance, and pension plans are treated sta tistica lly on the basis that these are applicable to all plant o r o ffic e w ork ers if a m a jo r ity o f such w ork ers are elig ib le o r m ay eventually qualify fo r the p ra ctice s listed . Scheduled hours are treated sta tistica lly on the basis that these are applicable to a ll plant o r o ffic e w ork ers if a m a jor ity are covered . 3 B ecause o f rounding, sum s o f individual item s in these tabulations m ay not equal totals.

The fir s t part o f the paid holidays table p resen ts the num b e r o f whole and half holidays actually provided . The secon d part com bines whole and half holidays to show total holiday t im e .

The sum m ary o f vacation plans is lim ited to fo rm a l a rra n g e m ents, excluding in form al plans w hereby tim e o ff with pay is granted at the d iscre tio n o f the em ployer. Separate estim ates are provided accord in g to em p loyer p ra ctice in com puting vacation paym ents, such as tim e paym ents, p ercen t o f annual earn ings, o r fla t-su m am ounts. H ow ever, in the tabulations o f vacation a llow an ces, paym ents not on a tim e basis w ere converted ; fo r exam ple, a paym ent o f 2 percen t of annual earnings was con sidered as the equivalent o f 1 w eek s pay.

2 An establishm ent was con s id ered as having a p o licy if it m et either o f the follow ing conditions: (1) O perated late shifts at the tim e o f the su rvey , o r (2) had fo rm a l p rov is ion s coverin g late sh ifts.3 Scheduled w eekly hours fo r o ffice w ork ers (fir s t section o f table B -3 ) in surveys m ade p r io r to July 1957 w ere p resen ted in term s o f the p roportion o f w om en o ffic e w ork ers em ployed in o ffice s with the indicated w eekly hours fo r wom en w ork ers .

3

Data are presen ted fo r a ll health, insu ran ce, and pension plans fo r which at least a part o f the co st is borne by the em p loyer , excepting only lega l requ irem ents such as w ork m en 's com pensation , so c ia l secu rity , and ra ilroad retirem en t. Such plans include those underw ritten by a co m m e rc ia l insurance com pany and those p rovided through a union fund o r paid d ire c t ly by the em p loyer out o f curren t operating funds o r fro m a fund set aside fo r this pu rpose . Death benefits a re included as a fo rm o f life insurance.

Sickness and accident insurance is lim ited to that type o f in surance under which predeterm in ed cash paym ents are m ade d irectly to the insured on a w eekly o r m onthly basis during illn ess o r acciden t d isab ility . In form ation is presen ted fo r a ll such plans to w hich the em p loyer contributes. H ow ever, in New Y ork and New J e rse y , which have enacted tem p ora ry d isab ility insurance laws which requ ire e m p lo y e r con tr ib u tion s ,4 plans are included only if the em p loyer (1) co n tributes m ore than is leg a lly requ ired , o r (2) p rov ides the em ployee with benefits which exceed the requ irem ents o f the law. Tabulations o f paid sick leave plans are lim ited to fo rm a l plans 5 which provide fu ll pay o r a p rop ortion o f the w o rk e r 's pay during absen ce fro m w ork becau se o f illn ess . Separate tabulations are p rovided accord in g to (1) .plans w hich provide fu ll pay and no waiting p er iod , and (2) plans provid ing either partia l pay o r a waiting p er iod . In addition to the presentation o f the proportion s o f w ork ers who are p rov ided sick n ess and accident insurance o r paid s ick lea ve , an unduplicated total is shown o f w ork ers who re ce iv e either o r both types o f ben efits.

Catastrophe insurance, som etim es r e fe rre d to as extended m ed ica l in surance, includes those plans w hich are designed to p ro tect em ployees in case o f s ick n ess and in jury involving expenses beyond the n orm al coverage o f h osp italization , m ed ica l, and su rg ica l p lans. M edical insurance re fe rs to plans provid in g fo r com plete o r partia l paym ent o f doctors* fe e s . Such plans m ay be underw ritten by c o m m e r c ia l insurance com panies o r nonprofit organizations o r they m ay be se lf-in su re d . Tabulations o f retirem en t pension plans are lim ited to those plans that provide m onthly paym ents fo r the rem ainder o f the w orker*s life .

4 The tem p ora ry d isab ility laws in C a liforn ia and Rhode Island do not requ ire em p loyer contributions.5 An establishm ent was con s id ered as having a fo rm a l plan if it estab lished at least the m inim um num ber o f days o f s ick leave that could be expected by each em p loyee . Such a plan need not be written, but in form al s ick leave a llow an ces , determ ined on an individual ba sis , w ere excluded.


4 A* Occupational Earnings

Table A-l. Office Occupations

(Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Trenton, N. J. , December I960)

Sex, occupation, and industry divisionN um ber

o fworkers

Avibaqi N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E W E E K L Y E A R N IN G S O F

W e e k ly .hours

(Standard)

W eek ly j (Stan d a rt)

*40. 00 and

under 45. 00

^ 5 . 00

50. 00

*50. 00

55. 00

*55. 00

60. 00

*60. 00

65. 00

*65. 00

70. 00

^ 0 . 00

75. 00

^ 5 . 00

80. 00

*80. 00

85. 00

*85. 00

9 0 .0 0

*90. 00

95. 00

*95. 00

100.00

f o o .00

105.00

?05. 00

110.00

f io . 00

115.00

115. 00

120. 00

? 2 0 .00

125. 00

?25. 00 and

over

Men

C lerks, accounting, class A _____________________________ 55 40. 0 $103.50 _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 1 4 10 2 7 9 1 2 _ 5 211Manufacturing ___ _ ___________ ____ __ ___ 53 40. 0 104.50 - - - ' 1 1 4 10 2 7 9 1 2 5 11

C lerks, accounting, class B _____________________________ 30 3 9 .5 99.00 - 2 - - - 2 2 - 1 3 2 1 _ 1 6 8 2 _Manufacturing ------------- _ ------------- ----- ----- __ 24 39. 5 95.00 - 2 - - - 2 2 " 1 3 2 1 - 1 8 2 *

Clerks, order __________ _ ---------------- ------------------- 37 40. 5 107.00 _ 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 _ 7 6 4 3 10 1Manufacturing ------------ ----- ------------------- ------------- T?----- 40. 5" "T 0 T .W " --------2 - - - - - " 4 7 6 4 3 n r - 1

Office boys _________ __ __ __ ------ __ ----- --------- 30 3 9 .0 63.00 2 3 6 10 2 _ 1 1 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Manufacturing ___________ __ __ __ ----- ----- --------- 24 3 9 .5 64.00 2 r ~ 4 - 6 2 - 1 1 5 - - - - - - -

Tabulating-machine operators, c lass A _______ _____ 26 40. 0 114.50 _ . - - - - - - - - 3 - 2 1 10 2 3 3 5Manufacturing ---------- ----------------- -------- ------ - 22 40. 0 116.00 - - " - - - - - 2 " 2 1 7 2 3 5

Tabulating-machine operators, class B ------------- ----- 19 40. 0 94.00 - _ - - 1 - 1 2 2 - 6 - 1 2 - 4 _ -Manufacturing _ _ _ --------------------------- -------- ----- TJ----- 40. 0 94.00 1 1 2 2 6 1 2 4 _

Women

B illers, machine (billing m achine),---------------------------------- 27 38. 0 60.00 2 _ 5 8 _ 9 1 _ _ 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

B illers, machine (bookkeeping machine) __ ----- ------ 22 37. 0 62.50 _ _ 2 12 ! _ 5 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . _

Bookkeeping-machine operators, class A --------------------- 18 39. 5 79.00 _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 5 2 2 _ 2 _ _ _ . .

Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B --------------------- 48 39. 0 63.50 _ 7 9 9 2 8 _ 5 _ 3 4 _ 1 _ _ _ _ _Manufacturing ----------------------------------- --------- 22 3 8 .5 72.00 - 3 1 4 - 2 - 4 - 3 4 - 1 - - - - -Nonmanufacturing ------ -------- ------- __ -------- 26 39. 5 56.50 " 4 8 5 2 6 1 _ _ ~ " " " - - "

C lerk s, accounting, class A ______________ -------------- 50 39. 0 85.00 _ _ _ - 1 4 2 13 7 12 1 2 2 2 3 _ 1 _Manufacturing --------- ----- -------- ----------------- 37 3 9 n r 5 7 3 3 - - " - 1 2 8 7 8 1 2 2 2 3 - 1

Clerks, accounting, class B ------ __ 229 37. 5 65.00 5 13 47 80 16 12 12 6 4 5 - 11 1 8 4 3 2 _Manufacturing _______ __ __ ------------------------- - 96 " J97 5 ~ 75.50 2 9 12 4 8 11 11 6 4 1 " 11 1 8 3 3 2 "

C lerks, file , class A __ ----- ----- -------- 15 38. 0 59.50 _ _ 2 7 3 2 - - 1 - - - - - _ _ _ _

C lerks, file , c lass B _ _ -------- -------- 61 38. 5 51.00 19 12 16 3 3 3 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Manufacturing ----------------------------------------------------------------- ------24----- ^ 'rO - 577HT -------- 5 -------- 2 4 2 3 3 5 - - - - - - - - - - -Nonmanufacturing . __ __ __ __ _ ----- 37 38. 5 47 .00 14 10 12 1 _ " "

Clerks, order _ -------- ----- ---- __ __ 40 40. 0 67.00 _ _ 6 3 24 1 _ - - - - 1 - - 3 2 _ _Manufacturing _ __ ___ __ -------- ------24 5 9 :3 - 7TT5U - --------6 -------- 3- ------- 5 1 - - - " 1 " - 3 ------ 2 -

Clerks, payroll ------ -------- ----- -------- -------- 111 39. 5 79.00 _ _ 4 7 15 7 16 18 17 2 2 _ 16 2 _ 1 4 _Manufacturing -------- - - ------ 85 3 9 .5 82.00 - - 4 4 5 5 16 10 16 2 1 - ------ 15 2 - 1 4 -Nonmanufacturing _ __ __ 26 3 9 .5 69.50 - 3 10 2 8 1 - 1 ~ 1 " " ~

Comptometer operators __ _ - ----- 28 3 9 .5 89.50 _ _ 1 1 _ 3 2 1 _ 2 7 1 9 1 _ _ _ .Manufacturing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 39. 5 89.50 1 1 3 2 1 2 7 1 9 1

See footnotes at end of table.


5Table A-l. Office Occupations-Continued

(Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division. Richmond. Va. . December I960)

Average NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF

Sex, occupation, and industry divisionNumber

ofworkers

Weeklyhours

(Standard)Weekly , earnings

(Standard)35 . 00

and under 40 . 00

4 0 . 00

4 5 .0 0

4 5 . 00

50. 00

*50. 00

5 5 .0 0

*55. 00

J60.00

l o . 00

65. 00

*65. 00

7 0 .0 0

$70 . 00

75. 00

$75. 00

80. 00

80. 00

85. 00

I s . 00

90. 00

$9 0 . 0 0

95. 00

* 9 5 .0 0

100.00

$100.00

105.00

$105.00

110.00

S110.00

115.00

S115.00

120.00

120.00

125.00

*125.00

130.00

*130.00andover

W om en Continued

C le rk s , accounting, c la ss B _ ___ 763 38. 5 $ 6 3 . 50 . 15 49 96 173 148 91 77 43 18 10 10 8 19 5 1 _Manufacturing __ __ _ _______ 68 39. 0 76 . $0 - - - - ^ - 13 * 7 13 15 11 1 2 3 - 2 1 - - - -Nonmanufacturing ______________________ 695 38. 5 62 . 50 - 15 49 96 173 135 84 64 28 7 9 8 5 19 3 - - - - -

Public utilities 3 _____________________ 237 39. 0 66 . 50 - - 5 27 46 79 27 13 2 2 5 8 1 19 3 - - ~ -

C le rk s , f i le , c la ss A __ __ _____ __ 99 3 8 .0 62 . 50 - 2 7 19 22 17 15 5 3 3 1 _ _ 4 1 _ _ _ _ _Nonmanufacturing _________ __ __ 89 38. 6 61 . 50 2 7 19 22 17 10 3 2 1 1 - - 4

----- j-----" - - - -

C le rk s , f i le , c la ss B __ __ __ __________ 307 38. 5 52. 50 4 36 72 103 43 23 16 6 _ _ _ 2 _ 2 _ _ _ _ _ _Manufacturing . __ __ __ __ _ 61 3 9 .5 62 . 0b - - - 15 6 18 16 6 - - - - - - - - - - - -Nonmanufacturing __ _ __ ---- -------- 246 38. 5 50. 50 4 36 72 88 37 5 - - - - - 2 - 2 - - - - - -

Public utilitie s 3 ____________________ 69 38. 5 55. 00 - 2 3 46 12 2 - - - - - 2 - 2 " " - - -

C le rk s , order _ _____ __ 43 4 0 .0 69. 00 _ 1 4 4 1 5 1 16 _ 4 _ 6 _ 1 _ _ . _ _ _

C le r k s , payroll __ _ __ __ __ _ 160 3 9 .0 72 . 50 . 1 . 14 24 21 25 18 11 9 15 1 2 6 4 7 2 .M anufacturing ___________________________ 65 3 9 .5 74 . 50 - - - 4 13 2 6 i i 5 5 8 - - 4 2 ------ 1 - 2 - -N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ______________________ 95 39. 0 7 1 .0 0 - 1 - 10 11 19 19 5 6 4 7 1 2 2 2 6 - - -

Com ptom eter operators . . - . 147 39. 5 61 . 50 _ 2 13 25 32 29 13 18 2 2 3 5 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _Manufacturing ___________________________ 43 39. 5 63. 00 - 1 5 3 11 10 2 2 2' 1 2 3 1 - - - - - - -Nonmanufacturing _ ___ - 104 3 9 .5 61 . 00 - 1 8 22 21 19 11 16 - 1 1 2 1 1 - - - -

Keypunch operators _ __ __ 316 38. 5 69. 50 - _ 14 33 53 57 42 17 17 15 4 32 24 4 4 - _ _ _Manufacturing __________________________ 55 39. 5 78 . 00 - - - - 5 9 2 2 14 1 2 1 2 - 4 4 - - - - -Nonmanufacturing __ __ __ 261 38. 5 67 . 50 - - 14 33 48 48 40 15 3 3 3 30 24 - - - - - - -

Public u tilit ie s3 _ 83 3 9 .0 81 . 50 - " - 7 7 11 4 2 - - 1 27 24 - - - " - -

O ffice girls _ __ _ _ _ _ _ 61 37. 5 5 2 .0 0 _ 18 13 21 1 2 _ 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Nonm anufacturing _ _ _ 56 37. 5 51. 50 - 18 13 18 1 - 1 - - ------ 5 - - - - - - - - -

S ecreta ries _ 902 39. 0 83. 50 - _ 17 25 78 78 89 113 117 131 73 36 48 24 22 20 12 4 15M a n u fa c tu r in g ----------------------------------------- 341 3 9 .5 87 . 50 - - - - 3 22 14----- .....n 57 55 ' 79 55 16 29 6 4 ~ ~ l ----- r ~ 1 11Nonmanufacturing _ 561 38. 5 80 . 50 - - - 17 22 56 64 78 76 62 52 23 20 19 18 18 18 n 3 4

Public u tilities 3 ____ 126 4 0 . 0 9 7 .0 0 - - - - 5 3 8 7 13 7 9 4 6 10 3 17 17 10 3 4

Stenograph ers, general _ _ 706 39. 0 74 . 50 6 1 3 45 71 92 108 83 92 41 27 22 41 47 16 5 5 1 _ _M anufacturing ZS3 39. 5 77 . 50 - - - 2 16 20 ~ n 49 ~ S s 37 14 r ~ -----1----- 9 ----- ------ 5 1 - -N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g__ ________________ 423 39. 0 72 . 00 6 1 3 43 55 72 86 34 7 4 8 13 40 38 9 2 2 - - -

Public utilities 3 ____________________ 151 4 0 . 0 89 . 50 - - - 4 11 13 4 4 1 4 6 13 40 38 9 2 2 - - -

Switchboard operators _ __ _ 158 39. 5 64 . 00 5 - 32 10 28 22 10 11 13 6 4 9 3 3 2 _ _ _ _Manufacturing __ _ __ Si 39. 5 75. 50 - - - - 1 5 5 1 l6 4 ----- - - ------ T ~ - - - - - -Nonmanufacturing __ ------- 127 3 9 .5 61 . 00 5 - 32 10 27 17 5 10 3 2 1 9 3 1 2 - - - - -

Public u tilit ie s3 _ __ 27 4 0 . 0 82 . 00 - - 1 1 2 1 6 2 1 - 8 3 2 - - - - -

Switchboard o p e r a to r -r e c e p t io n is ts ____ 103 39. 5 6 4 .0 0 - - 12 10 14 22 18 12 6 3 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Manufacturing ---------------------------------------- 46 39. 5 67 . 56 - - - 3 7 14 6 5 3 2 6 - - - - - - - - -Nonmanufacturing _ 57 39. 5 60 . 50 - - 12 7 7 8 12 7 3 1 - - - " - " - - - -

Tabulating-m achine op erators ,69 . 50c la ss B _ - 77 38. 5 - - - 6 9 10 19 18 11 - - - - 3 - - - 1 - -

Nonmanufacturing _ _ 69 38. 6 6 9 .0 0 6 9 10 12 18 11' " ' '

------ 3'

~

See footnotes at end of table,


6Tab le A -l. O ffice O ccupations-Continued

(Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Richmond, V a ., December I960)

Average N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E I V I N G S T R A I G H T -T I M E W E E K L Y E A R N IN G S O F N u m b er $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ S S $ $ * $ s $ S $

Sex, occupation, and industry division of W eek ly W e e k ly 35. 00 40. 00 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 9 0 . 00 95.00 10 0 . 0 0 105.00 1 1 0 . 0 0 115.00 1 2 0 . 0 0 125.00 130.00w orkers h ou rs 1 ea rn in g s1

(S ta n da rd ) (S ta n da rd ) under - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - and40. 00 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 9 0 . 00 95. 00 1 0 0 . 0 0 105.00 lit ) . 00 115.00 1 2 0 . 0 0 125.00 130.00 over

W omen Continued

Tabulating-machine operators,class C --------------------------------------------------- 56 37.0 $60.00 - 2 3 8 17 8 1 1 2 3 1 1 - - - - _ _ _ _ _

Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------ 49 36. 5 59- 00 - 2 3 5 17 8 10 1 3 - - - - - - - - - -

Transcribing-machine operators,general --------------------------------------------------- 10 0 39. 0 63. 50 _ - 10 10 2 1 23 14 6 8 5 - 1 2 - - _ _ _ _ _

Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------ 78 39- 0 62. 00 - - 10 10 18 16 1 1 3 4 3 - 1 2 - - - - - - -

Typists, class A ------------------------------------ 195 38. 0 64. 50 _ _ 1 19 58 48 20 25 1 2 4 2 _ _ 3 3 _ _ _ _ _Manufacturing ------------------------------------ 36 39- 0 72. 56 - - 1 - 1 1 2 - 6 8 4 2 - - 2 - - - - - -Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------ 159 38. 0 62. 50 - - - 19 57 36 20 19 4 - - - - 1 3 - - - - -

Public utilities 3 --------------------------- 32 38. 5 6 8 . 50 - - - 1 1 1 5 4 6 1 " - - 1 3 - " -

Typists, class B ------------------------------------ 556 38. 5 56. 00 _ 62 81 130 124 91 33 8 9 1 3 7 6 1 _ _ _ _ _ _Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------ 368 38. 0 55. 50 - 26 75 97 93 44 1 1 1 4 - 3 7 6 1 - - - - - -

Public utilities 3 --------------------------- 41 39. 5 71. 00 16 5 2 1 3 7 6 1

1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours.2 Workers were distributed as follows: 4 at $ 1 30 to $ 140; 3 at $ 145 to $ 155; 3 at $ 155 and over.3 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.

Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations

(Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Richmond, Va. , December I960)

Sex, occupation, and industry divisionN u m b er

o fw orkers

A v * iSAGS N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E I V I N G S T R A I G H T -T I M E W E E K L Y E A R N IN G S O F

W e e k ly h ou rs 1

(S ta n da rd )

W e e k ly earn ings 1

(S ta n da rd )

$70. 00

and under 75. 00

$75. 00

80. 00

$80. 00

85.00

85. 00

9 0 . 00

$9 0 . 00

95. 00

S95. 00

1 0 0 . 00

$1 0 0 . 00

105. 00

? 0 5 .00

1 1 0 . 00

n o . oo

115.00

?15. 00

1 2 0 . 00

? 2 0 . 00

125. 00

? 2 5 .00

130. 00

?30. 00

135. 00

1$35. 00

140. 00

t140. 00

145. 00

? 4 5 .00

150. 00

$150. 00

andover

Men

Draftsmen, senior ----------------------------------------------------------- 160 40. 0 $126.50 - 1 4 _ 2 1 14 4 10 13 10 6 46 20 2 1 3 5Manufacturing ________________________________________ 105 40. 0 125.00 - - 2 - 1 - 13 4 5 9 9 - 41 5 14 2 _Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------------------------- 55 40. 0 129. 0 0 - 1 2 - 1 1 1 - 5 4 1 6 5 15 7 1 5

Public utilities 2 ---------------------------------------------------- 48 40. 0 131.00 - 1 2 - 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 6 5 15 7 1 5

Women

Nurses, industrial ( registered) ------------------------------------ 58 39. 5 98. 50 2 7 7 1 14 9 1 1 _ 3 10 1 2 _ _ _ _Manufacturing ------------------------------------------------------------- 46 39. 5 1 0 1 . 0 0 1 5 5 1 2 6 1 3 10 2

Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.


Table A-3. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations7

(Average straight-time hourly earnings for men in selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Richmond, Va. , December I960)

N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E I V I N G S T R A I G H T -T I M E H O U R L Y E A R N IN G S O F

Occupation and industry divisionNumber

ofAverage hourly i

$1 . 0 0 10

$1 . 2 0 Sl. 30

$1.40 $1.50

$1 . 6 0

$1.70

$1 . 80

$1 . 90

$2 . 00

$2 . 10

S2 . 20 2. 30 $2.40

S2. 50

$2 .60

$2. 70

$2 .80

$2 . 90

$3. 00 s3. 10

$3. 20

$3. 30

workers earnings andunder and1 . 10 1 20 1.30 1 .40 1. 50 1 . 60 1.70 1.80 1 . 9 0 2 . 00 2 . 10 2 . 20 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2 . 60 2. 70 2 . 80 2 . 90 3. 00 3. 10 3. 20 3. 30 over

Carpenters, maintenance ---------------------- 1 0 1 $ 2 .6 1 3 6 1 6 2 5 3 6 3 1 1 6 42 6 1Manufacturing ------------- --------- 71 68 - - - 3 - - 1 - - - 4 - 4 2 - 3 3 10 5 33 3 - - -Nonmanufacturing _ __ __ ------------- 30 2 .44 " - 6 - - - 2 2 1 1 - 3 - 1 1 9 3 " 1 -

Electricians, maintenance ------------------- 207 2 . 88 1 6 - 1 1 7 5 5 2 37 1 1 2 83 1 2 25 _Manufacturing ------------------------------ 2 . 88 1 6 - 10 4 4 4 - 37 10 2 83 25 -

Engineers, stationary ___ __ ----------- 70 2 .39 _ _ _ 3 - 1 1 1 4 3 1 6 5 1 2 2 1 1 2 10 2 3 _ _ 3Manufacturing ------------------------------------ -------50 2 .40 - 3 - - 1 - 3 - 5 4 10 " 10 1 10 1 - - - - 2

Firemen, stationary boiler ----------- 109 1.73 2 1 6 _ - 5 15 15 3 - 6 5 6 1 2 - 7 6 _ _ - 2 _ _ _ _Manufacturing ---------------------------- 74 1.84 - 6 - - 5 1 2 13 3 - 6 5 6 1 2 - - 6 - - - - - - - -Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------ 35 1.48 2 1 - - - - 3 2 - " " - 7 _ - - 2 " - -

Helpers, trades, maintenance __ ----- 180 1.99 1 2 1 6 23 6 6 7 - 10 3 2 14 4 61 3 1 2 1 _ _ - _ _ - _Manufacturing ------ --------------- 129 1.91 9 - 6 22 6 3 5 9 3 1 " 3 4 37 1 1

Machinists, maintenance ------------------- 228 2. 85 3 _ 8 3 10 6 3 3 24 22 24 2 45 74 _ 1Manufacturing ---------------------------------- 224 2. 85 3 - 8 3 10 6 2 3 24 22 24 2 45 71 - 1

Mechanics, automotive(maintenance) -------------- ---------------------- 278 2 . 26 - - - 3 8 4 1 42 1 1 49 28 1 2 7 23 8 9 66 7 - - - - -

Manufacturing ----- __ ----- ----------- 36 2 . 1 1 - - - T~ - - 3 1 -----6 - 7 1 - 2 10 - - 3 - - - - - -Nonmanufacturing ------------------- ---------- 242 2 . 28 - - - - - 8 1 - 36 1 1 42 ! 27 1 2 5 13 8 9 63 7 - - - - -

Public utilitie s 2 --------------------------- 202 2. 31 31 5 42 27 5 4 10 8 8 55 7 " -

Mechanics, maintenance _______ _____ 404 2. 71 _ _ _ _ 2 _ _ - 8 8 15 13 46 7 7 2 15 108 _ 18 154 1 _ _Manufacturing --------- ------------------------- 374 2.71 8 8 15 13 43 7 3 2 14 105 " 18 138 - - -

Oilers ___ ------ ----- --------------------- 78 1.91 13 > _ 2 . 4 1 6 _ 3 5 2 18 14 - _ _ 10 _ _ _ - _ _Manufacturing __ --------------------------- _ 77 1 .91 T T~ - - Z ~ 4 1 -----3 -----T~ 5 2 18 14 - - 10 - - " - " - -

Painters, maintenance ---------- ------------- 1 0 0 2. 44 - _ _ - 18 _ 3 1 - 5 3 _ 5 4 7 1 2 2 _ 45 4 _ _ _Manufacturing ------------------------------------ -------TZ 2. 72 - - - - - " 1 1 ~ 5 - - 2 4 7 " 2 2 - 44 4 - - -

Pipefitters, maintenance ------------------- 1 0 0 2. 97 _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ - - 1 _ - 1 _ 1 - 16 5 _ 76 _ _ _Manufacturing ------------------------------------ 99 2.97 - - - " - - - - - - 1 - - 1 - 1 - 16 5 - 75 - - -

Sheet-metal workers,maintenance ___________________________ 44 2.99 - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - 1 - 4 2 - 29 7 - -

Manufacturing ---------------------------------- 44 2. 99'

1

______

1 4 2 29 7

Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.


8Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations

(Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Richmond, Va. , December I960)

N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E I V I N G S T R A I G H T -T I M E H O U R L Y E A R N IN G S O F

Occupation1 and industry divisionNumber

ofworkers

Average hourly ,

earnings 680. 50 and

under . 60

$0 . 60

. 70

s0. 70

. 80

$0 . 80

. 90

80 . 90

1 . 00

$1 . 00

1 . 10

$1 . 10

1 . 2 0

20

1. 30

$1. 30

1. 40

$1. 40

1. 50

$1. 50

1.60

$1.60

1.70

S1. 70

1.80

$1 . 80

1. 90

51 . 9 0

2 . 00

32 . 00

2 . 10

$2 . 10

2 . 20

$2 . 20

2. 30

$2. 30

2. 40

$2. 40

2. 50

$2. 50

2.60

S2.60

2. 70

$2. 70

2 . 80

$2 . 80

2. 90

Elevator operators, passenger(women) ------------- ---------------------------- 56 $ 0. 78 5 27 _ 1 7 10 5 1

54 . 77 5 27 1 7 8 5 1

Guards ------------------ -------------------------------- 1 0 1 2. 24 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 3 1 6 _ 7 ? 4 14 8 6 _ 8 _ 33

Janitors, porters, and cleaners(men) ----------------------------------------------------- 941 1. 38 - 17 7 25 73 109 90 180 64 75 76 24 9 75 50 6 28 25 6 1 1 _ _ _

Manufacturing ------------------------------------ 408 1.58 - - - - 2 8 24 89 35 18 68 9 7 73 49 1 - 25 _ _ _ _ _ _Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------ 533 1. 23 - 17 7 25 71 1 0 1 66 91 29 57 8 15 2 2 1 5 28 - 6 1 1 _ - _

Public utilities 3 --------------------------- 108 1 . 6 6 - - - - - - - 20 10 32 3 10 1 1 - 4 19 - 6 1 1 - - -

Janitors, porters, and cleaners(women) -------------------------------------------------- 276 1.09 _ 58 6 9 18 78 8 35 26 9 3 2 10 _ 6 3 _ 1 4 _ _ _ _ _

Manufacturing ------------------------------------ 78 1.29 - - - - 37 - 16 2 2 2 2 10 - 6 - 1 _ . _ _ - _Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------ 1 98 1 . 0 1 - 58 6 9 18 41 8 19 24 7 1 - - 3 - - 4 - - - - -

Laborers, material handling --------------- 1, 415 1.46 _ _ _ 4 2 290 158 1 1 2 96 252 63 56 68 94 39 57 57 52 _ _ 15 _ _ _Manufacturing ------------------------------------ 761 1.51 - - - - - 109 64 50 71 157 61 6 30 76 32 56 - 49 - - - - - -Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------ 654 1 . 39 - - - 4 2 181 94 62 25 95 2 50 38 18 7 1 57 3 - - 15 - - -

Public utilities 3 --------------------------- 93 1.91 16 28 18 7 1 8 - - - 15 ~ - -

Order fillers ------------------------------------------- 384 1.71 _ _ _ _ _ 1 2 17 37 19 30 42 84 16 1 20 22 _ 59 8 17 _ _ _ _Manufacturing ------------------------------------ 77 1 . 9 2 - - - - - 3 - 1 - 5 2 1 2 6 1 20 10 - - - 17 - - - -Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------ 307 1 . 6 6 - - - - 9 17 36 19 25 40 72 10 - - 1 2 - 59 8 ~ " - - -

Packers, shipping ---------------------------------- 130 1.42 _ _ _ _ _ 1 2 1 2 15 19 9 15 44 4TV/Ta rill r .^n n n 52 1.51 3 9 14 2678 1. 35 1 2 1 2 1 2 10 9 1 18 48

Receiving clerks ------------------------------------ 1 2 1 2 . 01 _ _ _ _ 1 _ 7 14 8 1 4 1 1 8 1 3 4 17 8 7 8 19 _ _Manufacturing ------------------------------------ 52 2 . 22 3 - - 1 1 - 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 4 16 - -Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------ 69 1 .84 - - - - 1 - 7 14 5 1 4 - 8 - 2 1 6 7 6 4 3 - -

Shipping cle rks --------------------------------------- 81 2. 03 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 _ _ _ 9 1 1 7 2 7 6 15 1 2 1 3 _ 3 1Manufacturing ------------------------------------ 57 2. 14 - - - - - - - - - - - 3 4 7 2 6 6 15 6 1 3 - 3 1

Shipping and receiving clerks -------------- 66 2. 03 3 1 1 2 10 3 4 2 2 8 1 2 _ 4 5 _ _Manufacturing _______________________ 47 1 . 9 8 - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 2 6 3 4 - 2 7 1 2 - - - -

Truckdrivers4 ---------------------------------------- 1, 173 1.72 _ _ _ _ _ 1 0 2 46 39 23 206 95 81 31 270 23 29 41 89 _ 1 3 94 _ _Manufacturing ------------------------------------ 231 1.62 - - - - - 33 6 1 1 2 22 43 33 2 1 6 6 1 1 13 2 1 - - 3 - - _Nonmanufacturing --------- ------------------ 942 1.75 - - - - - 69 40 28 2 1 184 52 48 10 264 17 18 28 68 - 1 - 94 - -

Public utilities 3 --------------------------- 557 2. 03 - - - - - - - - 25 10 25 10 261 17 18 28 68 - 1 - 94 - -

Truckdrivers, light (underll!z tons) ------------------------------------------ 1 0 1 1. 38 - - - - - 13 14 15 2 23 17 1 1 1 - - - 3 2 - - - _ - _Nonmanufacturing ________________ 78 1. 33 - - - - " 8 14 15 2 23 8 6 - - - - 2 - - - - - -

Truckdrivers, medium ( 1 V 2 to andincluding 4 tons) ------------------------------ 534 1.65 - - - - - 29 22 24 16 159 64 34 25 14 16 19 32 74 - 1 3 2 - -

Manufacturing ------------------------------- 148 1.60 - - - - - 18 6 1 1 2 22 26 7 20 6 4 1 1 4 8 - - 3 - _ _Nonmanufacturing ----------1-------------- 386 1.67 - - - - - 1 1 16 13 14 137 38 27 5 8 1 2 8 28 66 - 1 - 2 _ _

Public utilities 3 ---------------------- 170 1 . 9 8 25 5 10 5 8 1 2 8 28 66 1 2

See footnotes at end of table.


B* Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions

Table B-l. Shift Differentials

(Shift differentials of manufacturing plant workers by type and amount of differential, Trenton, N. J. , December I960)

Percent of manufacturing plant workers

Shift differentialIn establishments having formal

provisions 1 for Actually working onSecond shift

workThird or other

shift work Second shiftThird or other

shift

Total 85 .8 7 8 .8 1 2 . 1 5 .4

With shift pay differential 83. 0 7 8 .8 11. 5 5 .4

Uniform cents (per hour) 48. 3 42. 5 8 . 0 3 .6

5 cents 15. 3 _ 2 . 8 _6 cents 7 .8 - 1. 5 -7 cents 6 .9 - . 8 -7 l /2 cents _ _ _ _ __ 2. 5 7 .7 - . 88 cents . . . 9 .2 6 . 2 1.7 .79 cents _ ------- - 3 .3 - .4 -1 0 cents _ __ _ 1 .9 17 .5 . 5 1 . 01 2 cents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1. 3 8. 3 . 3 . 914 cents _ _ _ _ _ _ __ - . 9 - (2)15 cents _ __ __ __ __ 1 .9 - . 2

Uniform percentage 3 4 .8 28 .3 3. 6 1 .4

5 percent 15.9 - . 6 -6 percent 2 . 2 2 . 2 . 1 -71 / 2 percent - 2. 5 - . 61 0 percent _ __ _ 15 .6 2 3 .6 2 .7 . 815 percent 1 . 1 - . 2 -

Other formal pay d i f f e r e n t i a l ------------------ - 8 . 0 - .4

No shift pay d iffe re n tia l----------------------------------- 2 . 8 . 6

1 Includes establishments currently operating late shifts, and establishments with formal provisions covering late shifts even though they were not currently operating late shifts.

2 Less than 0 .0 5 percent.


1 0

Table B-2. Minimum Entrance Salaries for Women Office Workers

(Distribution of establishments studied in all industries and in industry divisions by minimum entrance salary for selected categories of inexperienced women office workers, Trenton, N. J. , December I960)

Inexperienced typists

Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing

Other inexperienced clerical workers 2

Manufacturing NonmanufacturingM i n i m u m w e e k l y s a l a r y 1

A Hi n d u s t r i e s

B a s e d o n s t a n d a r d w e e k l y h o u r s 3 o f A l li n d u s t r i e s

B a s e d o n s t a n d a r d \v e e k l y h o u r s 3 o f

A l ls c h e d u l e s

3 5 3 7 V 2 3 8 3/ 4 4 0A l l

s c h e d u l e s3 5 3 7 1/ . 3 8 3 /4 4 0

A l ls c h e d u l e s

3 5 3 7 * / , 3 8 3/ 4 4 0A l l

s c h e d u l e s3 5 3 7 ^ 2 3 8 3/ 4 4 0

E s t a b l i s h m e n t s s t u d i e d ______________ 7 6 4 8 X X X X X X X X X X X X 2 8 X X X X X X X X X X X X 7 6 4 8 X X X X X X X X X X X X 2 8 X X X X X X X X X X X X

E s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g a s p e c i f i e dm i n i m u m --------------------------------------------------- 3 1 2 5 1 1 2 2 0 6 1 1 1 3 3 5 2 3 1 1 2 1 9 1 2 1 1 1 9

$ 4 0 . 0 0 a n d u n d e r $ 4 2 . 5 0 -------- 2 2 1 _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ 4 2 1 _ _ 1 2 _ _ _ 2$ 4 2 . 5 0 a n d u n d e r $ 4 5 . 0 0 _____ - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - 1 - 1 - -

$ 4 5 . 0 0 a n d u n d e r $ 4 7 . 5 0 _____ 2 1 - 1 - - 1 - 1 - - 5 2 - 1 - 1 3 - - - 3$ 4 7 . 5 0 a n d u n d e r $ 5 0 . 0 0 _____ 1 1 - - - 1 - - - - - 2 2 - - - 2 - - - - -$ 5 0 . 0 0 a n d u n d e r $ 5 2 . 5 0 --------- 8 7 - - 6 1 - - 1 - 9 6 - - 2 4 3 - - 1 2$ 5 2 . 5 0 a n d u n d e r $ 5 5 . 0 0 --------- 5 4 - - 2 2 1 1 - - - 2 1 - - - 1 1 1 - - -$ 5 5 . 0 0 a n d u n d e r $ 5 7 . 5 0 _____ 3 2 - - - 2 1 - - - 1 3 3 - - - 3 - - - - -

$ 5 7 . 5 0 a n d u n d e r $ 6 0 . 0 0 -------- 2 2 - - - 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

$ 6 0 . 0 0 a n d u n d e r $ 6 2 . 5 0 --------- 1 1 - - - 1 - - - - - 3 3 - - - 3 - - - - -$ 6 2 . 5 0 a n d u n d e r $ 6 5 . 0 0 _____ 1 1 - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

$ 6 5 . 0 0 a n d u n d e r $ 6 7 . 5 0 _____ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -$ 6 7 . 5 0 a n d u n d e r $ 7 0 . 0 0 _____ 1 - - - - - 1 - - - 1 1 - - - - - 1 - - - 1$ 7 0 . 0 0 a n d u n d e r $ 7 2 . 5 0 ______ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -$ 7 2 . 5 0 a n d o v e r ____________________ 5 4 - - " 4 1 - - - 1 5 4 - - " 4 1 - - - 1

E s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g n os p e c i f i e d m i n i m u m -------- ------------------ 9 6 X X X X X X X X X X X X 3 X XX X X X X X X X X X 1 0 7 X X X X X X X X X X X X 3 X X X X X X X X X X X X

E s t a b l i s h m e n t s w h i c h d id n o te m p l o y w o r k e r s i n t h i sc a t e g o r y ---------------------------------------------------- 3 6 17 X X X X X X X X X X X X 1 9 X X X X X X X X X X X X 31 1 8 X X X X X X X X X X X X 1 3 X X X X X X X X X X X X

1 Lowest salary rate formally established for hiring inexperienced workers for typing or other clerical jobs.2 Rates applicable to m essengers, office girls, or similar subclerical jobs are not considered.3 Hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries. Data are presented for all workweeks combined, and for the most common workweeks reported.


11Table B-3. Scheduled Weekly Hours

(Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by scheduled weekly hours of first-shift w orkers, Trenton, N. J. , December I960)

W e e k ly h o u r s

OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS

All industries * Manufacturing Public utilities2 All industries^ Manufacturing Public utilities2

A l l w o r k e r s _ _ 100 100 100 100 100 100U n d e r 3 5 h o u r s __ _ (4 ) 03 5 h o u r s _ 13 5 6 9 1 (4 ) -O v e r 3 5 and u n d e r 3 7 1 !z h o u r s 2 1 - 2 -3 7 l /z h o u r s 10 8 - - - -3 8 3/4 h o u r s 10 9 - 2 2 -O v e r 38 3 /* and u n d e r 4 0 h o u r s 1 1 - - - -4 0 h o u r s _ 6 5 7 6 31 8 2 8 4 97O v e r 4 0 and u n d e r 4 4 h o u r s -------------------------------- (4 ) - - - - -4 4 h o u r s _ n (4 ) - 8 10 -O v e r 4 4 and u n d e r 4 8 h o u r s n - 1 - -4 8 h o u r s _ - - 2 3 -O v e r 4 8 h o u r s 1 3

1 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.3 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.4 Less than 0. 5 percent.


12

Table B-4. Paid Holidays

(Percent distribution of office and plant workers in all industries and in industry divisions by number of paid holidays provided annually. Trenton. N. J. , December I960)

ItemOFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS

All industries1 Manufacturing Public utilities2 All industries^ Manufacturing Public utilities2

All workers ____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 100 100 100 100 100

Workers in establishments providingpaid holidays ______ ____ __ _________ 100 100 100 100 100 100

Workers in establishments providingno paid holidays _____ _ _ _ _ _ - - -

Number off days

Less than 6 holidays ____ __ __ _ __ _ _ _ 1 _ _6 holidays __ ___ 11 7 - 18 13 -6 holidays plus 1 half day _ ___ (4 ) - - - - -6 holidays plus 2 half days __ _ _ 7 10 - 10 13 -6 holidays phis 3 half days ---- 1 1 - - - -7 holidays _ 27 33 11 31 33 407 holidays plus 1 half day 6 5 - 3 4 -7 holidays phis 2 half days ......... . 1 1 - 4 5 -8 holidays _ _ 22 34 - 22 26 -8 holidays plus 1 half d a y ____________________ 2 3 - 0 (4 ) -8 holidays plus 2 half days 1 - - (4 ) -9 holidays _ _ _ 8 - 69 5 3 299 holidays plus 1 half day _ _ _ 4 6 - 2 3 -10 holidays (4 ) (4 ) - (4 ) (4 ) -11 holidays 4 - - - - -1 2 holidays ------ 7 20 3 31

Total ho liday tim e5

12 or more days _ _ __ 7 _ 20 3 _ 3111 or more days 11 - 20 3 - 3110 or more days _ _ 11 (4 ) 20 3 (4 ) 319 V2 or more days 15 6 20 5 3 319 or more days 24 6 89 11 6 608 V2 or more days __ 25 9 89 11 6 608 or more days 48 44 89 36 37 607 V2 or more days _ _ 55 50 89 39 41 607 or more days 89 93 100 81 87 1006 V2 or more days __ _ _ __ 89 93 lOCf 81 87 10 06 or more days ___ 100 10 0 10 0 99 10 0 10 05 or more days _ _ _ 10 0 10 0 10 0 99 10 0 10 04 or more days _ 10 0 10 0 10 0 99 10 0 10 03 or more days 10 0 100 10 0 99 100 10 02 or more days _ _ 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 100

1 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.2 Transportation* communication, and other public utilities.3 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.4 Less than 0. 5 percent.5 A ll combinations of full and half days that add to the same amount are combined; for example, the proportion of workers receiving a total of 7 days includes those with 7 full days and no half days, 6 full days and 2 half days, 5 full days and 4 half days, and so on. Proportions were then cumulated.


9Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupatbns-Continued

(Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Richmond, Va. , December I960)

NUM BER OF W O RK ERS R E CE IVIN G ST R AIG H T-TIM E H OURLY EARN ING S OF

Occupation1 and industry divisionN u m b er

o fw orkers

A vera ge h ou rly 2

earn ings

s0. 50 and

$0 . 6 0

$0. 70

$0 . 80

$0 . 90 $1 . 00

$1 . 1 0

$1 . 20 $1. 30

S1.40 $1. 50 $1 . 6 0 $1.70 $1.80 S1 . 9 0 S2 . 0 0 S2 . 10 $ 2 . 20 $ 2. 30 $2 .40

$2. 50 S2.60

$2.70 $2 . 80

under. 60 .70 . 80 .90 1 . 0 0 1 . 10 1 . 2 0 1.30 1.40 1. 50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1 . 90 2 . 00 2 . 10 2 . 20 2. 30 2 .40 2. 50 2 . 60 2. 70 2 . 80 2 . 90

Truckdrivers:4 ContinuedTruckdrivers, heavy (over 4 tons,

trailer type) __ 1 9 0 $ 1.87 - - - - - - - - 5 24 14 23 5 72 7 10 1 1 - - - 28 - _Nonmanufacturing ----------------------- 170 1.89 - - - - - - - - 5 24 6 15 5 72 5 10 - - - - - 28 - -

Public utilities 3 _____________________ 137 2 . 00 5 15 5 69 5 10 - - - - - 28 - -

Truckers, power (forklift) ------------------------------ 316 1.72 _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 3 14 7 50 34 72 31 2 1 1 26 20 1 0 6 _ 19 _ _ .Manufacturing _ _ -------- -------- _ 213 1.75 - - - - - 10 3 9 3 25 34 40 13 - 1 1 ZE 20 - - - 19 - - -Nonmanufacturing --------------------------------------------- 103 1. 67 " - - - 1 - 5 4 25 " 32 18 2 - * 10 6 - - - - -

Watchmen _____ __ ------- ------- 167 1.46 3 9 6 1 _ ' 26 5 2 24 13 19 - 4 5 1 2 35 _ 3 _ _ _ _ _ _Xifannfarhiring 109 1 . 6 6 6 3 2 19 7 19 4 2 1 2 35Nonmanufacturing ------- --------- 58 1 . 09 3 9 6 1 20 2 5 6 3 3

1 Data limited to men workers except where otherwise indicated.* Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.3 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.4 Includes all drivers regardless of size and type of truck operated.


11

Appendix: Occupational Descriptions

The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau s field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers.

O F F I C E

B IL L E R , M ACHINE B O O K K EEPIN G -M A CH IN E O P ER A T O R

Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type of machine, as follows:

Biller, machine (billing machine) Uses a special billing machine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and invoices from customers purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shippingmemorandums, etc. Usually involves application of predetermined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing machine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carton copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine.

Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine) Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally involves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers ledger record. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips.

Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions.

Class A Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand.

Class B Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic bookkeeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, inventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department.

C L E R K , A CCO UN TIN G

Class A Under general direction of a bookkeeper or accountant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a complete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establishment s business transactions. Work involves posting and


12

C L E R K , A CCO U N TIN G Continued

balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper accounting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting, and closing journal entries; may direct class B accounting clerks.

C la ss B Under supervision, performs one or more routine accounting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers, accounts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher regiscers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers.

C L E R K , F I L E

C la ss A Responsible for maintaining an established filing system. C lassifies and indexes correspondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or supervise others in filing and locating material in the files. May perform incidental clerical duties.

C la ss B Performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been classified, or locates or assists in locating material in the files. May perform incidental clerical duties.

C L E R K , O R D ER

Receives customers orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination o f the follow ing: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheetlisting the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that thv'y have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders.

C L E R K , P A Y R O L L

Computes wages of company employees and enters the necessary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers* earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as workers name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and distributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine.

C O M P TO M ETER O P E R A T O R

Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathematical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statistical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comptometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties.

D U PLICA TIN G -M A CH IN E O P E R A T O R (MIMEOGRAPH O R D ITT O )

Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsibilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustments such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material.

K EY P U N C H O P E R A T O R

Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsibilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical keypunch machine, following written information on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating device attached to machine. May keep files of punch cards. May verify own work or work of others.

O F F IC E B O Y OR G IR L

Performs various routine duties such as running errands, operating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerical work.


17

Appendix: Occupational Descriptions

The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau's field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers.

O F F I C E

B IL L E R , M ACHINE BO O K K EEPIN G -M A CH IN E O P E R A T O R

Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type of machine, as follows:

Biller, machine (hilling machine) Uses a special billing machine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and invoices from customers purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of predetermined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing machine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine.

Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine) Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrahd, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally involves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers ledger record. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips.

Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions.

Class A Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge o f and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand.

Class B Keeps a record of one or more phases or'sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic bookkeeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, inventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation o f trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department.

C L E R K , A CCO UN TIN G

Class A Under general direction of a bookkeeper or accountant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a complete set of books or records relating to one phase o f an establishment s business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts


18

C L E R K , A CC O U N TIN G .Continued

payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper a ccounting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting and closing journal entries; may direct class B accounting clerks.

Class B Under supervision, performs one or more routine a ccounting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or a ccounts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers.

C L E R K , F I L E

Class A In an established filing system containing a number of varied subject matter files, classifies and indexes correspondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or may supervise others in filing and locating material in the files . May perform incidental clerical duties.

Class B Performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been classified or which is easily identifiable, or locates or assists in locating material in files. May perform incidental clerical duties.

C L E R K , O R D ER

Receives customers* orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination o f the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders.

C L E R K , P A Y R O L L

Computes wages of company employees and enters the necessary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers* earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker's name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and distributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine.

CO M P TO M ETER O P E R A T O R

Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathematical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statistical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comptometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties.

D U PLIC A TIN G -M A CH IN E O P E R A T O R (M IMEOGRAPH O R D IT T O )

Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsibilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material.

K EY P U N C H O P E R A T O R

Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsibilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical keypunch machine, following written information on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating device attached to machine. May keep files of punch cards. May verify own work or work of others.

O F F IC E B O Y O R G IR L

Performs various routine duties such as running errands, operating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerical work.


S E C R E T A R Y

Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appointments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering and making phone calls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior.

S TEN O G R A P H ER , G E N E R A L

Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work (see transcribing-machine operator).

S TEN O G R A P H ER , T E C H N IC A L

Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work.

SW ITCHBOARD O P E R A T O R

Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office ca lls. May record toll calls and take messages. May give information to persons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operator-receptionist.

SW ITCHBOARD O P E R A T O R -R E C E P T IO N IS T

In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single position or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker's time while at switchboard.

19

TA BIJLA TIN G -M A CH IN E O P E R A T O R

Class A Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical accounting machines, typically including such machines as the tabulator, calculator, interpreter, collator and others. Performs complete reporting assignments without close supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex reports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new operators in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports. Does not include working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations and day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-machine operators.

Class B Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical accounting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under specific instructions and may include the performance of some wiring from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabulations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine.

Class C Operates simple tabulating or electrical accounting machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with specific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs, or repetitive operations.

TRA N SCRIBIN G -M A CH IN E O P ER A T O R , G E N E R A L

Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general.


20

T Y P IS T

Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May include typing of stencils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicating processes. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail.

Class A Performs one or more o f the following: Typing material in final form when it involves combining material from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punc-

PROFESSIONAL

DRAFTSM AN , JU N IO R

(Assistant draftsman)

Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by draftsman or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman.

DRAFTSM AN , L E A D E R

Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in preparation of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more difficult problems. May assist subordinates during emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or administrative nature.

DRAFTSM AN , SEN IO R

Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Preparing working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc., to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those

T Y P IS T Continued

tuation, etc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language material; planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circumstances.

Class B Performs one or more o f the following: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance policies, etc.; setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly.

AND TECH NICAL

DRAFTSM AN , SEN IO R Continued

involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying completed work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities; writing specifications; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting.

N U R SE, IN D U ST R IA L (R E G IS T E R E D )

A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combina tion o f the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees* injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel.

T R A C E R

Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple drawings and do simple lettering.


M A IN TEN A N C E

C A R P E N T E R , M AIN TEN AN CE

Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

E L E C T R IC IA N , M AIN TEN AN CE

Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, distribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, layout, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the e lectrical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of electrician s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

E N G IN E E R , STA TIO N A R Y

Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to supply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigeration, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded.

21

D P O W E R P L A N T

FIREM A N , STA T IO N A R Y B O IL E R

Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment.

H E L P E R , T R A D E S , M AIN TEN AN CE

Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, machine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding materials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is permitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis.

M A CH IN E-TO O L O P ER A T O R , TOOLROOM

Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of precision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence; making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification.

M ACHINIST, M A IN TEN A N CE

Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of machinist s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and


22

M ACHINIST, M A IN TEN A N CE Continued

operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close tolerances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

M ECHANIC, A UTO M O TIVE (M AIN TEN AN CE)

Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

M ECH AN IC, M AIN TEN A N CE

Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining machines and mechanical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly d ismantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replacement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines.

M ILLW RIG H T

Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout

M ILLW RIG H T Continued

are required. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations relating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as

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