bls_1285-54_1961.pdf

Occupational Wage Survey

SOUTH BEND, INDIANAMARCH 1961

Bulletin No. 1285-54

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretory

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

I fNew England Region18 Oliver Screet Boston 10, Mass.

I Liberty 2-2113


Occupational Wage Survey

SOUTH BEND, INDIANA

MARCH 1961

Bulletin No. 1285-54May 1961

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. Price 20 cents


Preface

The C om m unity W age Survey P ro g ra m

The B ureau o f L ab or S ta tistics regu la r ly condu cts areaw ide w age su rvey s in a num ber o f im portan t in d u str ia l cen te rs . The stud ies, m ade fr o m late fa ll to ea r ly spring , re la te to occu p ation a l earn ings and re la ted supplem entary ben efits . A p re lim in a ry re p o rt is ava ilab le on com p le tion o f the study in each area , usu ally in the m onth fo llow in g the p a y ro ll p e r io d studied. T h is bu lletin p rov id es additional data not in cluded in the e a r lie r re p o rt . A con so lid a ted an a lytica l bu lletin su m m ariz in g the resu lts o f a ll o f the y e a r 's su rvey s is is su e d a fter com p le tion o f the final a rea bu lletin fo r the cu rren t round o f su rv e y s .

T h is re p o rt w as p rep a red in the B u reau 's reg ion a l o f f ic e in C h icago, 111., by W oodrow C . Linn, under the d ire c t io n o f G eorg e E. V otava, A ssis ta n t R eg ion a l D ir e c to r fo r W ages and In dustria l R elation s .

Contents

Page

In troduction _________________________________________________________________ 1W age tren ds fo r se le cte d occu p ation a l grou ps _________________________ 3

T a b les :

2

2

A: O ccupationa l earn ings :*A - 1. O ffice occu pation s _______________________________A - 2. P r o fe s s io n a l and te ch n ica l occu p ation s ______A - 3. M aintenance and pow erp lant o ccu p ation s ____A -4 . C u stodia l and m a te r ia l m ovem en t occu pation s

1. E stab lish m en ts and w o rk e rs w ithin sco p e o f su rvey _____2. P e rce n ts o f in c r e a s e in standard w eek ly sa la r ie s and

stra ig h t-tim e h ourly earn ings fo r s e le c te d occu p ation a l groups ________________________________________________________

Appendix: O ccupationa l d e scr ip tio n s 9

* N O TE: S im ilar tabulations a re ava ilab le in the South Bend, Ind. , a rea re p o rt fo r A p r il I960, w h ich a lso in clu d es data on estab lishm ent p r a c t ic e s and supplem entary w age p r o v is io n s . A d ir e c to r y indicating date o f study and the p r ic e o f th is rep ort, as w e ll as the re p o rts fo r oth er m a jo r a re a s , is ava ilab le upon requ est.

Union s c a le s , in d ica tive o f p reva ilin g pay le v e ls , a re a lso ava ilab le fo r seven se le cte d building tra d es in the South Bend a rea .

^ vo r- oo


Occupational Wage SurveySouth Bend, Ind.

Introduction

This area is one of several important industrial centers in which the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics conducts surveys of occupational earnings and related wage benefits on an area basis.

The bulletin presents current occupational employment and earnings information obtained largely by mail from the establishments visited by Bureau field economists in the last previous survey for occupations reported in that earlier study. Personal visits were made to nonrespondents and to those respondents reporting unusual changes since the previous survey.

In each area, data are obtained from representative establishments within six broad industry divisions: Manufacturing; transportation, 1 communication, and other public utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. Major industry groups excluded from these studies are government operations and the construction and extractive industries. Establishments having fewer than a prescribed number of workers are omitted also because they furnish insufficient employment in the occupations studied to warrant inclusion. Wherever possible, separate tabulations are provided for each of the broad industry divisions.

These surveys are conducted on a sample basis because of the unnecessary cost involved in surveying all establishments. To obtain appropriate accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of small establishments is studied. In combining the data, however, all establishments are given their appropriate weight. Estimates based on the establishments studied are presented, therefore, as relating to ail establishments in the industry grouping and area, except for those below the minimum size studied.

Occupations and Earnings

The occupations selected for study are common to a variety of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries. Occupational classification is based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to

1 Railroads, formerly excluded from the scope of these studies, were included in all of the areas studied since July 1959, except Baltimore (September 1959 and December I960), Buffalo (October 1959), Cleveland (September 1959), and Seattle (August 1959).

take account of interestablishment variation in duties within the same job. (See appendix for listing of these descriptions. ) Earnings data are presented (in the A-series tables) for the following types of occupations: (a) Office clerical; (b) professional and technical; (c) maintenance and powerplant; and (d) custodial and material movement.

Occupational employment and earnings data are shown for full-time workers, i. e. , those hired to work a regular weekly schedule in the given occupational classification. Earnings data exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Nonproduction bonuses are excluded also, but cost-of- living bonuses and incentive earnings are included. Where weekly hours are reported, as for office clerical occupations, reference is to the work schedules (rounded to the nearest half hour) for which straight-time salaries are paid; average weekly earnings for these occupations have been rounded to the nearest half dollar.

Average earnings of men and women are presented separately for selected occupations in which both sexes are commonly employed. Differences in pay levels of men and women in these occupations are largely due to (l) differences in the distribution of the sexes among industries and establishments; (Z) differences in specific duties performed, although the occupations are appropriately classified within the same survey job description; and (3) differences in length of service or merit review when individual salaries are adjusted on this basis. Longer average service of men would result in higher average pay when both sexes are employed within the same rate range. Job descriptions used in classifying employees in these surveys are usually more generalized than those used in individual establishments to allow for minor differences among establishments in specific duties performed.

Occupational employment estimates represent the total in all establishments within the scope of the study and not the number actually surveyed. Because of differences in occupational structure among establishments, the estimates of occupational employment obtained from the sample of establishments studied serve only to indicate the relative importance of the jobs studied. These differences in occupational structure do not materially affect the accuracy of the earnings data.


2T able 1. E sta blish m e n ts and w ork ers within scope of su rvey and num ber studied in South Bend, In d ., 1 by m a jo r in du stry d iv ision , 2 M arch 1961

Industry d ivision

N um ber of estab lish m en ts W o rk ers in estab lish m en ts

W ithin scope of study3 Studied

W ithin scope of study Studied

A ll d ivision s ________________________________________________________________ 137 75 3 9 .9 0 0 34. 210

M anufacturing ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55 32 2 9 ,4 0 0 2 7 ,3 9 0Nonm anufacturing --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 82 43 10, 500 6, 820

T ran sportation , com m u nication , andother public u t i l it ie s 4 ______________________________________________ 22 17 3, 100 2, 200

W h olesa le trade 5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 5 1, 000 420R etail trade 5 ___________________________________________________________ 26 10 3, 300 1, 890F in an ce, in su ran ce , and re a l estate 5 ------------------------------------------ 7 5 2, 000 1, 800S e r v ic e s 5* 6 _____________________________________________________________ 15 6 1, 100 510

1 The South Bend Standard M etropolitan S tatistica l A r e a (St. Joseph County). The "w o rk e rs within scope of stu d y " estim a te s shown in this table provide a reason ab ly accu rate description of the s ize and c om p osition of the lab or fo rc e included in the su rv e y . The estim a te s are not intended, h ow ever, to se rv e as a b a sis of c o m p a riso n with other a rea em ploym en t in dexes to m e a su re em ploym en t trends or le v e ls sin ce ( l ) planning of wage su rv e y s req u ires the u se of estab lish m en t data com p iled c o n sid erab ly in advance of the p a y ro ll p eriod studied, and (2) sm a ll estab lish m en ts are excluded fro m the scope of the su rvey .

2 The 1957 re v ise d edition of the Standard In dustrial C la ssific a tio n M anual w as u sed in c la ssify in g estab lish m en ts by in du stry d iv ision . M ajor changes fro m the e a rlie r edition (used in the B u reau s labor m ark et w age su rveys conducted p rior to July 1958) are the tra n sfe r of m ilk p asteu rization plants and re a d y -m ix e d con crete estab lish m en ts fro m trade (w holesale or retail) to m anufacturing, and the tra n sfe r o f radio and te le v is io n broadcasting fro m se r v ic e s to the tran sportation , com m u nication , and other public u tilities d iv ision .

3 Includes a ll estab lish m en ts with total em ploym en t at or above the m in im u m -s iz e lim itation (50 em p lo y ee s). A ll ou tlets (within the area) of com panies in such in du stries as tra de , finance, auto rep air s e r v ic e , and m o tio n -p ictu re th eaters are con sid ered as 1 estab lish m en t.

4 T axicab s and se r v ic e s incidental to w ater tran sportation w ere excluded.5 Th is in du stry d ivision is rep resen ted in estim a te s fo r "a l l in d u s tr ie s " and "n on m an u factu rin g " in the S e r ie s A ta b le s . Separate presen tation

of data fo r this d iv ision is not m ade for one or m o re of the follow ing rea so n s : (1) E m p loym en t in the d iv ision is too sm a ll to provide enough data to m e rit separate study, (2) the sam ple was not design ed in itia lly to p erm it separate p resen tation , (3) resp on se w as in su fficien t or inadequate to p erm it sep arate p resen tation , (4) there is p o ss ib ility of d isc lo su re of individual estab lish m en t data.

6 H otels; p erson al s e r v ic e s ; b u sin ess se r v ic e s ; au tom obile rep air shops; m otion p ictu res; nonprofit m e m b ersh ip organ ization s; and engineering and a rch itectu ra l s e r v ic e s .

Table 2. P ercen ts of in cre a se in standard w eekly s a la r ie s and s tra ig h t-tim e h ourly earnings for se lec te d occupational groups in South Bend, In d ., A p ril I9 6 0 to M arch 1961

O ccupational groups A ll in du stries M anufacturing

O ffice c le r ic a l (women) ------------------------------------------ 2. 2 3. 2Industrial n u rses (wom en) ------------------------------------ 2. 7 3. 2Skilled m aintenance (men) ------------------------------------ 2 .9 3. 0U n skilled plant (m en) ----------------------------------------------- 2. 0 2. 9


3Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups

Presented in table 2 are percents of change in salaries of women office clerical workers and industrial nurses, and in average earnings of selected plant worker groups.

For office clerical workers and industrial nurses, the percents of change relate to average weekly salaries for normal hours of work, that is, the standard work schedule for which straight-time salaries are paid. For plant worker groups, they measure changes in straight-time hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for overtime and for work pn weekends, holidays, and late shifts. The percentages are based on data for selected key occupations and include most of the numerically important jobs within each group. The office clerical data are based on women in the following 18 jobs: Billers, machine (billing machine); bookkeeping-machine operators, class A and B; Comptometer operators; clerks, file, class A and B; clerks, order; clerks, payroll; keypunch operators; office girls; secretaries; stenographers, general; switchboard operators; switchboard operator - receptionists; tabulating-machine operators; transcribing-machine operators, general; and typists, class A and B. The industrial nurse data are based on women industrial nurses. Men in the following 10 skilled maintenance jobs and 3 unskilled jobs were included in the plant worker data: Skilled carpenters; electricians; machinists; mechanics; mechanics, automotive; millwrights; painters; pipefitters; sheet-metal workers; and tool and die makers; unskilledjanitors, porters, and cleaners; laborers, material handling; and watchmen.

Average weekly salaries or average hourly earnings were computed for each of the selected occupations. The average salaries or hourly earnings were then multiplied by the average employment in the job during the months indicated in the title of table 2.

These weighted earnings for individual occupations were then totaled to obtain an aggregate for each occupational group. Finally, the ratio of these group aggregates for the one year to the aggregate for the other year was computed and the difference between the result and 100 is the percent of change from the one period to the other.

The percent of change measures, principally, the effects of (1) general salary and wage changes; (2) merit or other increases in pay received by individual workers while in the same job; and (3) changes in the labor force such as labor turnover, force expansions, force reductions, and changes in the proportions of workers employed by establishments with different pay levels. Changes in the labor force can cause increases or decreases in the occupational averages without actual wage changes. For example, a force expansion might increase the proportion of lower paid workers in a specific occupation and result in a drop in the average, whereas a reduction in the proportion of lower paid workers would have the opposite effect. The movement of a high-paying establishment out of an area could cause the average earnings to drop, even though no change in rates occurred in other area establishments.

The use of constant employment weights eliminates the effects of changes in the proportion of workers represented in each job included in the data. Nor are the percents of change influenced by changes in standard work schedules or in premium pay for overtime, since they are based on pay for straight-time hours.

Indexes for the period 1953 to I960 for workers in 20 major labor markets will appear in BLS Bull. 1265-62, Wages and Related Benefits, 60 Labor Markets, Winter 1959-60.


4 A* Occupational Earnings

Table A-l. Office Occupations

(Average straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, South Bend, Ind. , March 1961)

Average NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF

Number $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $Sex, occupation, and industry division ofworkers

Weekly hours 1

Weekly- earnings 1

40. 00 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 9 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 0 0 100.00 105.00 n o . 0 0 115.00 120. 00 125.00(Standard) (Standard) under - ~ ~ - - - - - - - - and

45. 00 50. 00 _55. 00_ .6 0 , 0.0 _65._00.

OOO

_ 75. 00 80. 00. .8 5 . 00 _ 9 Q . 00 . 95. 00_ 100.00 105. .00 1.10.. 00 1 lA-.oo 120.00 125. 00 over

Men

Clerks, accounting, class A 47 40. 0 $108.00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 1 5 12 9 2 8 7 1Manufacturing __ ___ ____ 24 40. 0 112.00 - - - - - - - - - 1 - 5 1 3 1 5 7 1

23 40. 0 104.00 1 1 11 6 1 3

Clerks, order _ _ ................. 40 40. 0 98.00 4 4 2 8 16 2 1 1 2Manufacturing ___________________________________________ 1 6 40. 0 106.00 - - ~ ~ 2 6 4 2 1 1 2

Clerks, payroll _ ___ 17 40. 0 88.50 9 2 1 1 2 1 1Manufacturing ___ _______ 15 40. 0 87.00 ~ - - - - 9 1 - - 1 1 - 2 1 - -

Office boys __________ . _ 24 40. 0 60.00 4 1 6 1 1 7 1 3Manufacturing ____________ 19 40. 0 62.50 4 1 1 1 1 7 ------1----- 3 - - - - - - - -

Tabulating-machine operators, class A _____ 28 40. 0 111.00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 _ _ 2 8 3 1 4 2 2 6Manufacturing ____ ______ _______ 20 40. 0 '~ri'5.'5o" " " ~ ' _ ~ 1 5 2 1 3 2 6

Tabulating-machine operators, class B ________________ 47 40. 0 96.50 _ _ _ . 1 1 _ 3 5 8 7 4 4 2 2 10Manufacturing __ _______ '"2 5 40. 0 103.00 " " 1 _ 1 2 4 1 1 1 2 2 16 -

Women

B illers, machine (billing machine) _ _____ ___ _ _ 46 4 1 .0 66.50 1 _ 6 1 19 8 2 3 1 . 2 3 _ _ _ _ _ _Manufacturing _____________ ___ _ __ 2 0 40. 0 70.00 - - 4 - 7 - 2 3 - - 2 2 - - _ _ _ _Nonmanufacturing ______________________________________ 26 4 1 .5 63.50 1 " 2 1 12 8 ~ 1 - - 1 - - - - - -

Bookkeeping-machine operators, class A _____________ 32 40. 0 67.50 _ _ _ 5 14 2 4 2 2 1 2 _ _ _ . .

Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B _____________ 151 40. 0 60.50 10 14 15 47 26 10 16 4 1 1 5 2Manufacturing ___________________________________________ 30 40. 0 75.50 - - - 3 3 1 13 1 1 1 5 2 - - - - _ _Nonmanufacturing ______________________________________ 121 40. 0 56.50 10 14 15 44 23 9 3 3 " " " - - -

C lerks, accounting, class A _____________________________ 51 40. 0 78.00 . . . 4 1 4 10 7 9 11 2 . 1 2 . .Manufacturing ___________________________________________ id 40. 0 80.50 - - - 4 - - 2 - 2 7 1 - - 2 - - - -Nonmanufacturing _ _____ ___________________________ 33 40. 0 ,77.00 " " 1 4 8 7 7 4 1 1 ' "

Clerks, accounting, class B _____________________________ 148 40. 0 64.00 . 10 20 23 34 24 11 8 11 3 4 _ _ _ _ . . .Manufacturing ___________________________________________ 65 40. 0 67.50 - 2 5 7 17 11 7 5 6 1 4 - - - - - - -Nonmanufacturing _____________ _______________________ 83 4 0 .0 61.50 8 15 16 17 13 4 3 5 2 - _ " - "

Clerks, file , class A _____________________________________ 24 4 1 .0 74.00 . . 8 1 4 2 1 5 2 1 _ _ _ . .Manufacturing _____________________ ___________________ T 5------ " W 82.06 -----1------ 4 2 5 2------ ----- 1------

See footnotes at end of table,


5Table A-1. Office Occupations-Continued

(Average straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, South Bend, Ind. , March 1961)

Average NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF

Number $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $Sex, occupation, and industry division of

workersWeekly, hours 1

Weekly . earnings1

40. 00 and

45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100. 00 105. 00 110. 00 115. 00 120. 00 125. 00(Standard) (Standard) under - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - and

45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 _6Q._ 00 _65. 00 _70. 00 ._7.5j._00_ _80 .00 .85 . 00. _9,0. 00 95.. 00 lo o , oo_ I0_5,.00 110.00. 115. 00 i2.Q_.jm 125. 00 over

Women Continued

Clerks, order _____________________________________________ 22 41. 0 $ 6 4 .50 2 4 8 3 1 2 2Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------------------- 16 40. 0 65. 00 - - 2 1 8 - 1 2 2 - - - - - - - -

C lerks, payroll ------------------------------------------------------------------ 98 40. 5 74. 00 _ _ 11 4 18 11 13 11 8 4 4 6 2 3 2 _ 1 _Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------------------- 79 40. 0 76. 50 - - 3 4 17 7 12 10 5 4 3 6 2 3 2 - 1 -Nonmanufacturing -------------------------------------------- ----------- 19 41. 5 64. 00 - - 8 1 4 1 1 3 - 1 - " - - -

Comptometer operators --------------------------------------------------- _ - 39 40. 0 76. 50 _ 1 _ _ 3 3 16 4 1 2 8 1 _ _ _ _ _Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------------------- 37 40. 0 78. 00 - - - 2 3 16 4 1 2 8 1 - - - - - -

Duplicating-machine operators(Mimeograph or Ditto) __________________________________ 24 40. 0 72. 00 - 3 2 1 1 2 6 - 3 3 1 2 - - _ - - _

Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------------------- 17 40. 0 79. 00 - 1 - - - 1 6' - 3 3 1 2 - - - - -

Keypunch operators _______________________________________ 156 40. 0 69. 00 _ 6 13 23 13 26 14 33 18 3 5 2 _ _ _ _ _ _Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------------------- 81 40. 0 76. 50 " - 1 1 20 6 27 16 3 5 2 - - - - -

Office girls _________________________________________________ 27 40. 0 57. 50 1 5 5 7 1 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Manufacturing __________________________________________ 16 40. 0 6 1 .5 0 - 1 4 2 1 8 - - - - - - - - - - -

Secretaries -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 451 40. 0 91. 00 _ 4 _ 3 23 26 21 39 30 31 59 91 41 34 25 11 4 9Manufacturing __________________________________________ 306 40. 0 97. 50 - - - 2 - 3 3 18 20 22 46 79 36 32 22 11 4 8Nonmanufacturing _____________________________________ 145 40. 0 77. 50 - 4 - 1 23 23 18 21 10 9 13 12 5 2 3 - - 1

Public utilities 3 ___________________________________ 18 40. 0 91. 50 - - - 1 - 3 3 - 1 6 3 - - - - 1

Stenographers, general ----------------------------------------------------- 392 40. 0 76. 00 2 12 14 17 43 43 55 50 45 42 34 21 12 1 1Manufacturing __________________________________________ 287 40. 0 80. 50 - 2 4 7 21 21 41 42 38 42 34 21 12 1 1 _ _ _Nonmanufacturing --------------------------------------------------------- 105 40. 0 64. 00 2 10 10 10 22 22 14 8 7 " " - - - -

Switchboard operators ___________________________________ 49 3 9 .5 69. 50 4 1 4 7 7 3 6 3 4 4 2 1 1 1 1 _ .Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------------------- 30 40. 0 78. 00 - - 2 2 2 2 6 3 3 4 2 1 1 1 1 . - .Nonmanufacturing _____________________________________ 19 39. 5 55. 50 4 1 2 5 5 1 - 1 - - - - - - -

Switchboard operator-receptionists ____________________ 37 40. 0 65. 50 _ 3 7 8 2 5 _ 6 3 2 _ _ . 1 _ _ _Manufacturing __________________________________________ 21 40. 0 67. 00 - - 5 3 2 5 - 2 2 1 - - - 1 _ _ _ _Nonmanufacturing _____________________________________ 16 40. 0 63. 50 " 3 2 5 " - 4 1 1 " - - - - - - -

Tabulating-machine operators, class B ---------------------- 20 40. 0 82. 00 _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 1 11 4 2 _ _ _ . _ _Manufacturing __________________________________________ 19 40. 0 82. 50 - - - - 1 1 11 4 2 - - - - - - -

Transcribing-m achine operators, general ------------------ 73 40. 0 64. 50 _ 1 13 15 17 6 9 4 3 3 2 _ _ _ _ . . .Manufacturing --------------------------------------------------------------- 42 39. 5 69. 50 - - 2 5 11 5 9 3 2 3 2 - - - - -

Typists, c lass A ___________________________________________ 109 40. 0 79. 50 _ 1 1 9 2 8 19 16 13 14 17 9 _ _ _ _ _Manufacturing __________________________________________ 92 40. 0 82. 50 - - - - 1 6 18 16 11 14 17 9 - _ - - _ _Nonmanufacturing _____________________________________ 17 39. 5 62. 00 1 1 9 1 2 1 - 2 - - - - - - - - -

Typists, class B ___________________________________________ 272 40. 0 58. 00 1 56 82 30 32 44 16 6 2 3Manufacturing __________________________________________ 71 40. 0 67. 50 1 7 6 4 31 11 6 2 3

'

1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-tim e salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours.2 W orkers were distributed as follows: 5 at $ 125 to $ 130; 1 at $ 130 to $ 135.3 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.


6Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations

(Average straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, South Bend, In d ., March 1961)

Sex, occupation, and industry division

Draftsmen, senior ________Manufacturing __________

Draftsmen, juniorManufacturing __________

Nurses, industrial ( registered) Manufacturing ________________

69

40. 0 40. 0

$135.50136.00

39 .539 .5

100.50104.50

95.00"9 5 3 0 -

n u m b e r OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF

10T O "

151 5

1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-tim e salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours.2 W orkers were distributed as follow s; 1 at $ 60 to $ 6 5 ; 6 at $ 65 to $ 7 0 ; 1 at $ 70 to $7 5 .


7Table A-3. Maintenance and Power-plant Occupations

(Average straight-tim e hourly earnings for men in selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, South Bend, Ind. , March 1961)

NUMBER OF WORKEES RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF

Occupation and industry division $$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $of hourly , 1. 80 1. 90 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2 .40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00 3. 10 3. 20 3. 30 3 .4 0 3. 50workers earnings 1

under _ " - ~ _ " 1. 90 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2 .40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2.80 2. 90 3. 00 3. 10 3. 20 3. 30 3 .4 0 3. 50 3. 60

Carpenters, maintenance ________________________ 35 $ 3. 06 3 2 1 1 2 1 14 8 3Manufacturing _________________________________ 34 3. 05 " " - 3 - 2 1 1 2 1 14 7 - 3 "

Electricians, maintenance ______________________ 168 3. 09 _ _ _ . . . 3 2 1 1 26 19 6 65 45 . . .Manufacturing _________________________________ 1 6 8 3. 09 " " " 3 -------- 2 1 1 2 6 19 6 65 45 " "

Engineers, stationary ___________________________ 27 2. 91 _ _ _ 1 5 _ _ _ _ _ 1 3 6 11 _ . _ _Manufacturing _________________________________ 21 3766" _ 1 1 2 ---------g 11 - -

F irem en, stationary boiler _____________________ 55 2. 70 4 . _ . . 4 3 10 . 8 10 4 12 .Manufacturing______________________ __________ 55 2. 70 4 - 4 3 10 " 8 10 4 12 " - - '

H elpers, trades, maintenance _________________ 25 2. 38 _ _ _ 4 7 3 7 _ 2 . 2 . _ . _ _Manufacturing --------------------------------------------------- 21 2 .4 4 - - - - 7 3 7 2 " 2 - - - - - - -

M achine-tool operators , toolroom _____________ 61 2. 93 - - - - - - - 13 16 - - 5 - _ 26 1 _ _Manufacturing __________________________________ 61 2. 93 - - " - " - 13 16 - - 5 - 26 1 - -

M achinists, maintenance ________________________ 49 2. 82 . _ . 1 _ 1 _ 1 8 9 15 7 3 _ 4 . _ _Manufacturing _________________________________ 49 2. 82 " " 1 " 1 " 1 8 9 15 7 3 4 -

M echanics, automotive (maintenance) ________ 124 2. 83 _ _ 2 2 2 23 2 3 1 5 7 26 21 30 . . . .Manufacturing _____ ,___________________________ 55 2766" - - 2 2 2 6 2 - 1 5 4 1 - 30 - - - -Nonmanufacturing _____________________________ 69 2. 81 - - - - - 17 - 3 - - 3 25 21 - - - - -

Public utilities 2 ___________________________ 66 2. 82 - " - - - 17 " " - - 3 25 21 - - - - -

Mechanics, maintenance _________________________ 93 3. 06 - _ _ _ . 2 _ 12 _ 1 1 20 10 _ 44 _ 1 2Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------- 93 3706 " _ " 2 " 12 1 1 20 10- 44 1 2

Millwrights _________________________________________ 166 3. 07 _ 1 _ 2 _ _ . 4 . 1 33 7 4 67 45 2Manufacturing _________________________________ 166 3. 07 - 1 - 2 - - - 4 - 1 33 7 4 67 45 - 2 -

O ilers _______________________________________________ 44 2. 59 _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 26 7 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Manufacturing __________ _____________________ 44 2. 59 - - " - - 2 2 6 7 9 - - - - -

Painters , maintenance __________________________ 19 3. 00 - . - - _ - _ - 3 1 _ 1 9 5 _ _ _ _Manufacturing _________________________________ 19 3. 00 " - - - 3 1 - 1 9 5 - -

Pipefitters, maintenance ________________________ 117 3. 12 - - - - - - - - 1 7 14 - . 55 40 _ - _Manufacturing _________________________________ 117 3. 12 " " " - " " 1 7 14 " 55 40 - -

Sheet-m etal workers , maintenance ____________ 24 3. 08 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 4 _ 12 4 . . .Manufacturing __ ____________ ______________ 24 3. 08 - - - - - 4 4 - 12 4 - - -

Tool and die makers _____________________________ 258 3. 32 - . - - - - - - 5 5 1 4 24 7 16 39 157 _Manufacturing _________________________________ 258 3. 32 5 5 1 4 24 7 l6 39 157

Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.


8Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations

(Average straight-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, South Bend, Ind. , March 1961)

NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OFNumber Average $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

Occupation1 and industry division of hourly 2 earnings 1. 00 1. 10 1 .20 1. 30 1 .4 0 1 .5 0 1. 60 1. 70 1 .80 1. 90 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90under - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - and1. 10 1 .2 0 1. 30 1 .40 1 .50 1 .6 0 1. 70 1. 80 1 .9 0 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 over

Elevator operators, passenger (women) 19 $ 1 .00 3 14 2 3Nonmanufacturing _____________________________ 19 1.0 0 14 2 3 " - - - - " - - - " - - -

Guards 169 2. 48 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 _ _ _ 12 48 _ 103 . _Manufacturing _ 167 2. 49 - - - " - - 4 - - ----- T T ~ 48 - 103 - - - -

Janitors, porters, and cleaners (men) 433 2. 12 6 6 16 8 18 19 20 15 29 7 33 8 25 11 139 72 1 _ _ _Manufacturing _ _ _ _ _ 322 2. 30 - - 1 - 9 12 1 9 9 2 26 8 22 11 139 72 1 _ - _Nonmanufacturing .... ......... 111 1 .5 8 6 6 15 8 9 7 19 6 20 5 7 - 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Public utilities 4 17 1.8 2 - - - - 3 - - 1 10 1 1 - 1 - - - - - - -

Janitors, porters, and cleaners (women) _____ 160 1 .3 4 86 9 14 6 10 1 - 1 _ _ _ 3 16 10 _ 4 _ _ _ _Manufacturing _______ 49 1.97 - - 10 6 - - - - - 3 16 10 - 4 - - - -

Laborers, m aterial handling ____________ _ 290 2. 42 _ _ 4 - - _ 10 _ 10 3 _ 18 60 31 25 33 50 25 11 10Manufacturing 194 2. 41 - - - - - - 10 - 10 - - 18 24 31 25 21 45 - _ 10Nonmanufacturing 96 2. 46 - _ 4 - - - _ - - 3 _ _ 36 _ _ 12 5 25 11 _

'PnTVHr' 36

181

2. 82

2. 39

25

14

11

Order fillers _ _ 27 10 25 52 29 24Mannfa rtn ri ngr 93 2. 52 8 8 31 11 23 14Nonmanufacturing ______ _ ___ 88 2. 26 - - - - - - 27 - - 2 19 21 18 1 - - -

Packers, shipping __ ____ __ _ _ _ ____ 130 2 .4 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ 40 6 16 67 _ _ _ _Manufacturing 128 2. 41 - - - - - - - - 1 - - - 40 6 16 65 - - - -

Receiving clerks _ ... ...................... 80 2 .4 6 _ _ 1 _ _ _ 2 _ 1 _ 3 _ _ 15 11 13 32 1 1 _Manufacturing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 2. 54 - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - 4 11 13 32 1 1 _Nonmanufacturing ______________ _______________ 17 2. 16 - - 1 - - 2 - - " 3 - 11 - - - - -

Shipping clerks 92 2. 47 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 5 _ 2 _ 16 2 21 43 _ _ _Manufacturing _____ ____________ _______ 77 2. 51 - - - - - - - 3 2 2 - 4 2 21 43 - - -

Truckdrivers 5 ____________________________________ 305 2. 67 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ 1 16 23 40 49 36 4 132 3Manufacturing ___ __ 70 2. 54 - - - - - - - - 1 - - 1 1 1 7 49 5 - 2 3Nonmanufacturing _____________________________ 235 2. 71 - - - - - - - - - - - - 15 22 33 - 31 4 130 _

'PnVilir' 130 2 .8 9 130

Truckdrivers, medium (IV 2 to andincluding 4 tons) _ _ _ 74 2. 55 - - - - - - - - 1 - - 1 10 9 7 12 16 _ 18 _

Manufacturing __________ _________________ 28 2 .4 8 - - - - - - - - 1 - - 1 1 1 7 i t 3 - t _Nonmanufacturing __________________________

Truckdrivers, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) _________________________________

46 2. 60 9 8 13 16

52 2. 58 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14 6 6 18 - 5 3Nonmanufacturing _______ 43 2. 56 - - - - - - - - - - - 14 6 - 18 - 5 -

Truckers, power (forklift) 311 2. 53 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ 19 _ 30 23 210 2 25 _ 1Manufacturing ________ . . 305 2. 53 - - - - - - 1 - 19 - 26 23 ZTtP 2 23 - 1

Watchmen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 1.9 6 _ _ 6 1 _ 1 _ _ 3 _ 9 _ 9 2 4 _ _ _ _ _Manufacturing ___________ 28 2. 14 1 3 9 9 2 4

1 Data limited to men workers except where otherwise indicated.2 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.3 Includes 8 workers at $ 0. 80 to $ 0. 90.4 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.5 Includes all drivers regardless of size and type of truck operated.


9Appendix: Occupational Descriptions

The primary purpose o f preparing job descriptions for the Bureau s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes fa applying these job descriptions, the Bureau s field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers.

O F F IC E

BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR

Prepares statements, b ills , and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerica l work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type o f machine, as follow s:

Biller, machine (billing machine} Uses a special billing machine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, e tc ., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and invoices from customers* purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of predetermined discounts and shipping charges and entry o f pecessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing machine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine.

Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine} Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc ., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally involves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers ledger record. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types o f sales and credit slips.

Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions.

Class A Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand.

Class B Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic bookkeeping. Phases or sections include accounts oayable, payroll, customers accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, inventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation o f trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department.

CLERK, ACCOUNTING

Class A Under general direction of a bookkeeper or accountant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a complete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establishment s business transactions. Work involves posting and


10

CLERK, ACCOUNTING Continued

balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper accounting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting, and closing journal entries; may direct class B accounting clerks.

Class B Under supervision, performs one or more routine accounting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers, accounts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers.

CLERK, FILE

Class A Responsible for maintaining an established filing system. Classifies and indexes correspondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or supervise others in filing and locating material in the files. May perform incidental clerical duties.

Class B Performs routine filing, usually of material that has already been classified, or locates or assists in locating material in the files. May perform incidental clerical duties.

CLERK, ORDER

Receives customers* orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination o f the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheetlisting the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders.

CLERK, PAYROLL

Computes wages of company employees and enters the necessary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers* earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker*s name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and distributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine.

COMPTOMETER OPERATOR

Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathematical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statistical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comptometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties.

DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO)

Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsibilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustments such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material.

KEYPUNCH OPERATOR

Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsibilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical keypunch machine, following written information on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating device attached to machine. May keep files of punch cards. May verify own work or work of others.

OFFICE BOY OR GIRL

Performs various routine duties such as running errands, operating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerical work.


SECRETARY

Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appointments for superior; receiving people coming into office ; answering and making phone ca lls; handling personal and important 01 confidental mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the re- corded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior.

STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL

Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing- machine work (see transcribing-machine operator).

STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL

Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype Or similar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing machine work.

SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR

Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. May record toll calls and take messages. May give information to persons who ca ll in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operator-receptionist.

11

SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST

In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single position or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this workers time while at switchboard.

TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR

Operates machine that automatically analyzes and translates information punched in groups of tabulating cards and prints translated data on forms or accounting records; sets or adjusts machine; does simple wiring of plugboards according to established practice or diagrams; places cards to be tabulated in feed magazine and starts machine. May file cards after they are tabulated. May, in addition, operate auxiliary machines.

TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL

Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general.

TYPIST

Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports or sorting and distributing incoming mail.


12

TYPIST Continued

Class A Performs one or more o f the following: Typing material in final form from very rough and involved draft; copying from plain or corrected copy in which there is a frequent and varied use of technical and unusual words or from foreign-language copy; combining material from several sources, or planning layout of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance

PROFESSIONAL

DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman)

Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by draftsman or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman.

DRAFTSMAN, LEADER

Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in preparation of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more difficult problems. May assist subordinates during emergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or administrative nature.

DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR

Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Preparing working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc., to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying completed work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities;

TYPIST Continued

in spacing; typing tables from rough draft in final form. May type routine form letters, varying details to suit circumstances.

Class B Performs one or more o f the following: Typing from relatively clear or typed drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance policies, etc., setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly.

ND TECHNICAL

DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Continued

writing specifications; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting.

NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED)

A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees* injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel.

TRACER

Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple drawings and do simple lettering.


MAINTENANCE

CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE

Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE

Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, distribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, layout, or other specifications; locating and diagnosingtrouble in the e lectrical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of electrician s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

ENGINEER, STATIONARY

Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to supply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigeration, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or ch ief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded.

13

D POW ERPLANT

FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER

Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment.

HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE

Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, machine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding materials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is permitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis.

MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM

Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of precision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence; making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification.

MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE

Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of machinist s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and


14

MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE Continuedoperating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close tolerances; making standard shop computations re la ting to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist's work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE)

Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE

Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining machines and mechanical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly d ismantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replacement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines.MILLWRIGHT

Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout

MILLWRIGHT Continuedare required. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations relating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the millwright's work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

OILER

Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing surfaces of mechanical equipment of an establishment.

PAINTER, MAINTENANCE

Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an establishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface peculiarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, o ils , white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE

Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications* la general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded.


15

PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE

Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE

Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheet- metal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; installing sheet- metal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

TOOL AND DIE MAKER

(Diemaker; jig maker; toolmaker; fixture maker; gauge maker)

Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker s handtools and precision measuring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions o f work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling o f parts to prescribed tolerances and allowances; selecting appropriate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification.

C U S T O D I A L A N D M A T E R I A L M O V E M E N T

ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER

Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apartment house, department store, hotel or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded.

GUARDPerforms routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour,

maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gate- men who are stationed at gate and check on identity o f employees and other persons entering.

JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER(Sweeper; charwoman; janitress)

Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial

JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER Continued

or other establishment. Duties involve o combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures;polishing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor maintenance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded.

LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING

(Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper)

A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more o f the following: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or


16

LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING Continued

from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelving, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; transporting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded.

ORDER FILLER

(Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman)

Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers" orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders, requisition additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties.

PACKER, SHIPPING

Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more o f the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes Or crates are excluded.

SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK

Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is responsible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Verifying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper departments; maintaining necessary records and files.

SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Continued

For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows:

Receiving clerkShipping clerkShipping and receiving clerk

TRUCKDRIVER

Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport materials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various tvpes of establishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded.

For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity.)

Truckdriver ( combination o f s izes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under lV2 tons)Truckdriver, medium (1% to and including 4 tons)Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type)Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type)

TRUCKER, POWER

Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment.

For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows:

Trucker, power (forklift)Trucker, power (other than forklift)

WATCHMAN

Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry.

* U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1961 0 594712


Occupational Wage Surveys

Occupational wage surveys will be conducted in the 82 major labor markets listed below during late I960 and early 1961. Bulletins, when available, may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C., or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown on the inside front cover.

A summary bulletin containing data for 80 labor markets, combined with additional analysis, will be issued early in 1962.

Akron, Ohio Bull. 1285-AlbanySchenectadyTroy, N.Y. Bull. 1285-51 Albuquerque, N. Mex. Bull. 1285- AllentownBethlehemEaston,

Pa.N.J. Bull. 1285-47 Atlanta, Ga. Bull. 1285-

Baltimore, Md. Bull. 1285-34 BeaumontPort Arthur, Tex. Bull. 1285- Birmingham, Ala. Bull. 1285-53

Boise, Idaho Bull. 1285- **Boston, Mass. Bull. 1285-15 Buffalo, N.Y. Bull. 1285-31

Burlington, Vt. Bull. 1285*57 *Canton, Ohio Bull. 1285-29

Charleston, W. Va. Bull. 1285- Charlotte, N.C. Bull. 1285-

Chattanooga, Tenn.Ga. Bull. 1285-14Chicago, 111. Bull. 1285-

Cincinnati, OhioKy. Bull. 1285- Cleveland, Ohio Bull. 1285-11 Columbus, Ohio Bull. 1285-38 Dallas, Tex. Bull. 1285-21 DavenportRock IslandMoline, Iowa111.

Bull. 1285-16*Dayton, Ohio Bull. 1285-41 Denver, Colo. Bull. 1285-27 Des Moines, Iowa Bull. 1285*43

^ Detroit, Mich. Bull. 1285-37 Fort Worth, Tex. Buil. 1285- 23

Green Bay, Wis. Bull. 1285-2 Greenville, S.C. Bull. 1285- Houston, Tex. Bull. 1285-

*Indianapolis, Ind. Bull. 1285-28 Jackson, Miss. Bull. 1285-42

Jacksonville, Fla. Bull. 1285-30 Kansas City, Mo.Kans. Bull. 1285-18

LawrenceHaverhill, Ma*s.N.H. Bull. 1285- Little RockNorth Little Rock, Ark. Buil. 1285-6

Los AngelesLong Beach, Calif. Bull. 1285-52 Louisville, Ky.Ind. Bull. 1285-49 Lubbock, Tex. Bull. 1285-

Manchester, N.H. Bull. 1285-1 ^Memphis, Tenn. Bull. 1285-35 ^Miami, Fla. Bull. 1285-33

Milwaukee, Wis. Bull. 1285- * * MinneapolisSt. Paul, Minn. Bull. 1285- 39

MuskegonMuskegon Heights, Mich. Bull. 1285-

Newark and Jersey City, N.J. Bull. 1285-40 New Haven, Conn. Bull. 1285-46 New Orleans, La. Bull. 1285-48 New York, N.Y. Bull. 1285- NorfolkPortsmouth and Newport News

Hampton, Va. Bull. 1285- Oklahoma City, Okla. Bull. 1285-3 Omaha, Nebr.Iowa Bull. 1285-13

PatersonCliftonPassaic, N.J. Bull. 1285- Philadelphia, Pa. Bull. 1285-24

Phoenix, Ariz. Bull. 1285-55

Pittsburgh, Pa. Bull. 1285-44 Portland, Maine Bull. 1285- 1?Portland, Oreg.Wash. Bull, i285- ProvidencePawtucket, R .I.Mass. Bull. 1285-

Raleigh, N.C. Bull. 1285-5 Richmond, Va. Bull. 1285- 2 6 ~

Rockford, 111. Bull. 1285- St. Louis, Mo.111. Bull. 1285*10 Salt Lake City, Utah Bull. 1285-32

San Antonio, Tex. Bull. 1285- San BernardinoRiversideOntario,

Calif. Bull. 1285-4San FranciscoOakland, Calif. Bull. 1285*36 Savannah, Ga. Bull. 1285-

Scranton, Pa. Bull. 1285*8___ Seattle, Wash. Bull. 1285-7

Sioux Falls, S. Dak. Bull. 1285-17 South Bend, Ind. Bull. 1285-54

Spokane, Wash. Bull. 1285- Toledo, Ohio Bull. 1285*50

Trenton, N.J. Bull. 1285-25 Washington, D.C.Ma.Va. Bull. 1285*22

Waterbury, Conn. Bull. 1285-56 Waterloo, Iowa Bull. 1^85-20

Wichita, Kans. Bull. 1285- 9 Wilmington, Del.N.J. Bull. 1285-12

Worcester, Mass. Bull. 1285- York, Pa. Bull. 1285-45

An asterisk preceding a labor market indicates the availability and price of the bulletin. Please do not order copies in advance.

Price, 20 cents. Price, 25 cents. Price, 15 cents.


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