BLUETOOTHTECHNOLOGY

Contents Introduction Bluetooth Specification Bluetooth Basics Bluetooth Topology Bluetooth Software Bluetooth Security Bluetooth Based Sensor N/W Blutooth Hardware

Architecture Algorithms For Operation Of

Networks Merits Demerits

Introduction Bluetooth Wireless Technology (BWT) was developed in

1994 at Ericsson in Sweden. It is named for Harald Blaatand. Bluetooth-Wireless and Automatic technology simplifying

art of communication. Frequency used is 2.45 GHz, same used in ISM devices. Purpose – Originally it was build to eliminate the need for

cable connections between PDAs and notebook PCs. Later the goals were to enable different devices through a commonly accepted standard for wireless connectivity . Ericsson on advent of BWT conceptualized a Radio Technology through a wireless personal area network (WPAN).

Bluetooth Specification

Bluetooth-Wireless technology providing link between mobile and electronic devices.

It operates on 2.45 GHz radio signals using frequency hopping spread spectrum.

Technology of Bluetooth concentrates on short range of communication.

Bluetooth Specification

•Standard: IEEE 802.15•ISM Band Frequency: 2.4 GHz•Range: 10 – 100 meters•Channel Bandwidth: 1 Mbps•Maximum Asymmetric Data Transfer

Rate: 721 Kbps

Types of Bluetooth Wireless Technology

Depending on the power consumption and range of the device, there are 3 Bluetooth Classes as:

•Class 1: Max Power – 100mW ; Range – 100 m

•Class 2: Max Power – 2.5mW ; Range – 10 m•Class 3: Max Power – 1mW ; Range – 1 m

Why the name Bluetooth?

The name was adopted as a tribute to the tenth-century vikingking Harald Blatand who peacefully united Denmark and Norway.

Harald liked to eat blueberries,which gave his teeth the coloration

that lead to the nickname "Bluetooth."

How to reduce interference?

•BWT devices hop randomly between frequencies up to 1600 times per second.

•So,if another device using a 2.4 GHz frequency (e.g.:cordless phone) ,

then the interference with the BWT network lasts only for about 1/1600 of a second.

•By then, the devices hop to another frequency.

.

Applications

Laptops PDA’s Headphones Wireless printer

adapter Onboard Bluetooth

adapter.

Bluetooth Topology

2 main topologies are as:

i.PICONET TOPOLOGY, & ii.SCATTERNET TOPOLOGY

i.Piconet Topology

•A piconet consists of upto 8 BWT-enabled devices.

•When piconet is established, one device sets up frequency-hopping pattern and other devices synchronize their signals to the same pattern.

•Each piconet has a different frequency-hopping pattern.

Piconet Topology

ii.Scatternet Topology•Scatternet consists of several piconets

connected by devices participating in multiple piconet.

• There is a ‘BRIDGE’ connecting 2 piconets which is also a slave in individual piconets.

Advantages of Scatternet :•Higher throughput•Multi-hop connections between

devices indifferent piconets

Network Topologies?

Bus Network

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Tree Network

Star Network

Ring Network

Ad Hoc Network

There are SO many technical questions: such as…

Future Of Bluetooth

•BROADCAST CHANNELS:Adoption of Bluetooth into mobile phones and enable advertising models based on users pulling information from the information points.

•TOPOLOGY MANAGEMENT:Automatic configuration of piconet topologies in scatternet situations.

Bluetooth Software

Bluetooth software can be installed and used on Bluetooth capable devices.

There exists different software for different devices like PDA , personal computer.

Enables the device to use technology at its fullest.

Best example is Bluesoleil.

Bluetooth software Bluesoleil can be installed on

personal computer or on

personal digital assistant also

On a PC, it provides a lot of Extra wireless features.

It also has a graphical user interface (GUI).

On a PDA, provides basic

Bluetooth profiles such as headset and hands free profile, personal networking (PAN) profile

How Does It Work?• Bluetooth is a standard for tiny, radio frequency chips that can be plugged into your devices

• The information is then transmitted to your device

• These chips were designed to take all of the information that your wires normally send, and transmit it at a special frequency to something called a receiver Bluetooth chip.

Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)

Frequency hopping is jumping from one frequency to another within the ISM radio band.

Efficient use of entire bandwidth.

Low Interference

Provides basic level of security.

Working of FHSS

There exists a master-slave relation between devices.

A device in master mode can communicate with upto seven slave devices.

Bluetooth devices work in a short range to

conserve the battery power.

Bluetooth Security 3 Levels of Service Access

• Require Authorization and Authenication• Require Authentication Only• Default Security for Legacy Applications

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Bluetooth Based Sensor Networks

•One such application is : WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS (WSN)

•Important features of WSN:Collaboration of network nodes during execution and Data Centric nature.

•Many smart sensor nodes scattered in the field collect data and send it to users via ‘gateway’ using multi-hop routes.

Blutooth Hardware Architecture

Bluetooth Hardware consists of 3 main functional modules:

•2.4 GHz Bluetooth RF Transceiver Unit•Link Management Unit•Host Controller Interface

Algorithms For Operation Of Networks

•Initialization of gateway and Bluetooth Inquiry Procedure.

•Discovery of Bluetooth device and Checking of major and minor devices.

•Setting of parameters and assigning type of devices and sensors.

•Description by Service-Class Field.•Discarding of non-smart nodes.

•Else, service database of the discovered smart node is searched for sensor services.

•If no current sensor profile, then database is searched for serial port connection parameters.

•Lastly, Bluetooth link is established and data exchange with smart node starts.

There’s lot of “Wireless”

From cellphones to PDAs to WiFi to Satellite-based

Wireless LAN Standards

Merits Wireless Inexpensive Automatic Interoperability Low interference and energy consumption. Share voice and data Instant PAN Upgradeable Long lasting technology. Easy link establishment

Demerits Data rate and security More susceptible to Interception and

attack Less range Average Speed Short Life

Thank You