[email protected] ENGR-22_Lec-0_2D_Construction-1.ppt 1 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 –...

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Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics

Bruce Mayer, PELicensed Electrical & Mechanical Engineer

[email protected]

Engineering 22

AutoCADAutoCAD©© 2D 2D

Construction-1Construction-1



Learning GoalsLearning Goals

Become Proficient with invocation of AutoCAD Drawing Commands

Create Basic AutoCAD 2-Dimensional Drawing Elements • e.g.; Lines, Circles, Ellipses and PolyGons

Use a Combination of ACAD 2D Elements to construct more Complex 2D Shapes



Initiating AutoCAD CommandsInitiating AutoCAD Commands Generally There are

Three Ways to Invoke AutoCAD commands

Example – Draw a Circle

1. By PullDown Menu

If you get “Stuck” in ACAD

Try the ESCAPE Key



Invoke Commands Invoke Commands contcont

2. By Typing the Command into the Command line

The Typed Commands often have ShortCuts Instead of typing

circle, type only c

3. Using a Tool from a ToolBAR



Drawing LinesDrawing Lines To Random Points

• Type in line (or l), or click the Line Tool

• Pick PointsUsing the Mouse – The Line follows the mouse.

• Click at each vertex

• Terminate Line by Hitting Enter or Esc

Many times these “Assisters” Help with Line Drawing• SNAP

• GRID

• ORTHO

• OSNAP



Random Pts LineRandom Pts Line

• This Example uses SNAP and GRID, but NOT Ortho

Mouse Click Sets Vertex



Closed LineClosed Line To Make a

CLOSED figure of an arbitrary shape1. Invoke line and set

at least 3 Vertices

2. With Line still ACTIVE type in the command-line one of:– close

– c

Line Ready to Close

Closed Line



ErasingErasing To delete drawing

elements use the Erase command

Invoke Erase by• PullDown Menu

• Click the Erase Icon on the Modify ToolBar

• Type in Command line erase or e

To Erase:

• Start Erase• Select Element(s)

with Mouse• Hit Enter or RIGHT

Click



Line by CoordsLine by Coords Type in the

Command Line the CoOrds, one at a time

Be Sure That “Dynamic Input” is Turned OFF

Make a Box



Line by Relative CoOrdLine by Relative CoOrd To Draw a Line

RELATIVE to a Given point

Invoke the line command

ID a Starting point with the Mouse or by CoOrds

In the command Line Type Either

• @ x, y– x & y are CoOrds

RELATIVE to the Current Point

• @ dist, <angle– The distance and

angle (in Degrees, thakfully) Relative to Current Point



Relative LinesRelative Lines By X & Y By Distance &



Construction LinesConstruction Lines Construction Lines

are Very Useful for “Blocking In” or “Aligning” Drawing Objects

They are lines of Infinite (h) Length that may be trimmed later

Invoke Construction Line by• Construction Line

Tool on Drawing Tool Bar

• Command line → xline or xl



Some Construction LinesSome Construction Lines

Construction Line Options



Construction Line OffsetConstruction Line Offset

Lets• Make a Layer; Green

in Color

• Draw some Lines

• Offset a Construction Line

Hit ENTER twice to ReInvoke ConstrLn



Drawing CirclesDrawing Circles To Draw a circle

Invoke the Command• Click the Circle Tool

• Use the PullDown Menu: Draw → Circle → option

• Type in the Command Line one of– Circle or c Command Line Text

Command: circleSpecify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 2p



Drawing Circles Drawing Circles contcont

To Draw a Simple Circle1. Click the Circle Tool

2. Use the Mouse to Pick a Center Point

3. Do one of – DRAG with the

mouse to Set the Radius

– Type in a Number for the radius

Circle by• Pick Center Point

• Drag Radius




The Circle Command has Many useful options

Default → Center, Radius

Center, Diameter




2 Points Tan, Tan, Tan

Start Pt

Tan, Tan Radius



Circle Center Marks/LinesCircle Center Marks/Lines Technical Drawing

Practice Calls for Marks and Lines to ID Circle Centers

CenterMark Sizing

Center MarkOnly

Center Mark & CenterLines

ACAD has many Commands and Parameters that Can ONLY be accessed thru the Command Line



SETVAR commandSETVAR command Typing SetVar in the

Command Gives access to 480 AutoCAD System Variables

Partial Listing bySetvar → ? → *

For Example, The acad.dwt has a Center mark Size of 0.09”

Use Variable DIMCEN to Change to 5X this Value

Note: Can type DIMCEN w/o SetVar



CenterLines by Dim StyleCenterLines by Dim Style The acad.dwt

default for Circle Center is a MARK only; NO Lines

To Change, use Dimension Styles

Invoke the Dim Style Dialog by one of

• Dim Style Tool on the Dimension ToolBar

• PullDown Menus: Dimension → Dimension Style...

• Command Line → DIMSTYLE

Any of these actions Activates the Dim Style Dialog Box



CenterLines by Dim Style CenterLines by Dim Style contcont

The DimStyle Dialog Box

Select Modify... To activate next dialog

• Select the Symbols and Arrows Tab

Check this Button to Produce CntrLns

Can Use Instead of DIMCEN



CenterLines by Dim Style CenterLines by Dim Style contcont

After the change A new Circle



POLYLINE CommandPOLYLINE Command The PLINE

command allows you to create "grouped" objects that can be extruded, given line width on the screen, and can contain arc segments.

To Invoke the PolyLine Command• PullDown Menu:

Draw → Polyline

• The Tool on the Drawing ToolBar

• Command Line: pline or pl



Polyline ConstructionPolyline Construction

PolyLines Are Constructed using the same methods as “Regular” Lines, but the WIDTH of the Line is VARIABLE

PLINE also has a List of OPTIONS

[Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]• Width and Halfwidth Set the Starting & Ending PolyLine width(s)

• Arc Helps Fine Tune PLine Arcs

• Length allows typing of the Next Segment Length



Some PolyLinesSome PolyLines

Command: plineSpecify start point:Current line-width is 0.2000Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: hSpecify starting half-width <0.1000>: .05Specify ending half-width <0.0500>:Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: *Cancel*



Some PolyLines Some PolyLines contcont

PLINESpecify start point:Current line-width is 0.1000Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: wSpecify starting width <0.1000>: 0Specify ending width <0.0000>: 1.2Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: *Cancel*



Some PolyLines Some PolyLines contcont

Command: plPLINESpecify start point:Current line-width is 1.2000Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: hSpecify starting half-width <0.6000>: .05Specify ending half-width <0.0500>:Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: aSpecify endpoint of arc or[Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second pt/Undo/Width]: *Cancel*



SPLINE commandSPLINE command A spline is a smooth

curve that is fitted along a number of control points

The ACAD Spline command creates a type of spline known as a NonUniform Rational B-Spline, NURBS for short

To Invoke the Spline Command• PullDown Menu:

Draw → Spline

• The Spline Tool on the Drawing ToolBar

• Command Line: spline or spl



SPLINE ConstructionSPLINE Construction

Splines Are Constructed using the same methods as “Regular” Lines, but the segments are splined arcs

Command: splineSpecify first point or [Object]:Specify next point:Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>:Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>:Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>:Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>:

Specify start tangent: *Cancel*

• Constructing a Spline



ELLIPSE commandELLIPSE command The Ellipse

command includes a number of different creation options. • The default option is

to pick the two end points of an axis and then a third point to define the eccentricity of the ellipse.

To Invoke the Ellipse Command• PullDown Menu:

Draw → Ellipse

• The Ellipse Tool on the Drawing ToolBar

• Command Line: eLLipsE or EL



ELLIPSE ConstructionELLIPSE Construction

Command: elELLIPSESpecify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]:Specify other endpoint of axis:Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: *Cancel*

ELLIPSESpecify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: aSpecify axis endpoint of elliptical arc or [Center]:Specify other endpoint of axis:Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]:Specify start angle or [Parameter]:Specify end angle or [Parameter/Included angle]:

ELLIPSESpecify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: cSpecify center of ellipse:Specify endpoint of axis:Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: <Ortho on> <Ortho off>



PolyLines & EllipsesPolyLines & Ellipses

Let’s Draw some of the Elements that have many Options• PolyLines

• Ellipses



All Done for TodayAll Done for Today

Not a CAD Circle But aBoat Circle



Bruce Mayer, PELicensed Electrical & Mechanical Engineer

[email protected]

Engr/Math/Physics 25

AppendiAppendixx

6972 23 xxxxf

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