v
BOARD OF EDITORS
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
John E. Higgins, Jr.Catholic University of America, Columbus School of Law
National Labor Relations Board (retired)Washington, DC
EDITORS
Patrick E. DeadyHogan Marren Babbo & Rose,
Ltd.Chicago, IL
Barry J. KearneyNational Labor Relations BoardWashington, DC
Joseph J. TorresWinston & Strawn LLPChicago, IL
Anna WermuthCozen O’ConnorChicago, IL
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
Thomas D. AllisonAllison, Slutsky & Kennedy,
P.C.Chicago, IL
Lucas R. AubreySherman, Dunn, Cohen, Leifer
& Yellig, P.C.Washington, DC
Ruth E. BurdickJohn H. FergusonMeredith JasonJayme SophirNational Labor Relations BoardWashington, DC
Stuart ButtrickFaebre Baker Daniels LLPIndianapolis, IN
vi The Developing Labor Law
Amy Moor GaylordFranczek Radelet PCChicago, IL
Nicole Cuda Pérez Law Office of Nicole
Cuda PérezDix Hills, NY
Tanja L. ThompsonLittler Mendelson, P.C.Memphis, TN
Gwynne A. WilcoxLevy Ratner, P.C.New York, NY
Amy J. ZdraveckyMiller, Canfield, Paddock and Stone, P.L.C.
Chicago, IL
EDITORIAL COORDINATOR
Dina H. MetzWinston & Strawn LLP
Chicago, IL
Chapters 1–5
Chapter Editors
Kurt GrahamMika Meyers PLCGrand Rapids, MI
Stanley WilliamsNational Labor Relations Board,
Region 17Overland Park, KS
Contributing Editors
Gary FealkThe Murray Law GroupBingham Farms, MI
David KhoreyVarnum LLPGrand Rapids, MI
Board of Editors vii
Chapter 6
Chapter Editor
Allan WeitzmanProskauer Rose, LLP
Boca Raton, FL
Contributing Editors
Denise Barton WardLittler Mendelson, P.C.Melville, NY
William Bevan, IIIReed Smith LLPPittsburgh, PA
Jacob H. BlackRobblee Detwiler & BlackSeattle, WA
Christopher M. CaiaccioOgletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak
& Stewart, P.C.Atlanta, GA
Stephanie Cotilla EitzenNational Labor Relations BoardNewport News, VA
John DollDoll, Jansen & FordDayton, OH
Thomas S. GiottoBuchanan Ingersoll & Rooney,
P.C.Pittsburgh, PA
Joshua KienitzMichael PedhirneyLittler Mendelson, P.C.San Francisco, CA
Alexia KulwiecUniversity of Wisconsin School
for WorkersMadison, WI
Ryan M. MartinJackson Lewis PCCincinnati, OH
William G. MiossiScott R. PhillipsWinston & Strawn LLPWashington, DC
John N. RaudabaughAve Maria School of LawNaples, FL
Shelly SkinnerNational Labor Relations BoardWashington, DC
Eric W. TiritilliVandenack Williams LLCOmaha, NE
viii The Developing Labor Law
Chapter 6—(Cont’d)
Frank Van DusenMiller Nash Graham & Dunn
LLPSeattle, WA
Mark S. WilkinsonMiller JohnsonKalamazoo, MI
Judith A. Williams-KillackeyQuarles & Brady LLP
Milwaukee, WI
Chapter 7
Chapter Editors
Thomas AllisonAllison, Slutsky & Kennedy, P.C.Chicago, IL
Arthur SilbergeldThompson Coburn LLPLos Angeles, CA
Contributing Editors
Quesiyah AliMassachusetts Teachers
AssociationBoston, MA
Dawn J. BlumeStericycleNorthbrook, IL
Keith BolekO’Donoghue & O’DonoghueWashington, DC
John S. BolestaOgletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak
& Stewart, P.C.Washington, DC
Robert CarrolSara SchneiderArent FoxSan Francisco, CA
Michael Z. GreenTexas A&M University School of
LawFort Worth, TX
A. John Harper, IIILittler Mendelson, P.C.Houston, TX
Danielle LucidoIFPTE Local 20, AFL-CIO/CLCOakland, CA
Martin H. MalinChicago-Kent College of LawChicago, IL
Terry L. PotterHusch BlackwellSt. Louis, MO
Board of Editors ix
N. Elizabeth ReynoldsSara S. Schumann
Allison, Slutsky & Kennedy, P.C.Chicago, IL
Chapter 8
Chapter Editor
Stuart R. ButtrickFaegre Baker Daniels LLP
Indianapolis, IN
Contributing Editors
Luis E. AvilaVarnum LLPGrand Rapids, MI
Rich BreanUSW Legal DepartmentPittsburgh, PA
James BuckingFoley Hoag LLPBoston, MA
Donald CarrollLaw Offices of Carroll & Scully,
Inc.San Francisco, CA
Peter CorbinFordHarrison, LLPJacksonville, FL
Natale DiNataleSusan N. MastersRobinson & Cole LLPHartford, CT
M. Jeannette FedeleThe Kelman Buescher FirmDenver, CO
Brian GarrisonFaegre Baker & Daniels LLPIndianapolis, IN
Jeffrey JohnsonBradford J. WilliamsHolland & Hart, LLPDenver, CO
Jarad LucanShipman & Goodwin LLPHartford, CT
Robert M. ThomasHolland & Hart, LLPGreenwood Village, CO
x The Developing Labor Law
Chapter 9
Chapter Editors
Terence Schsone-JongenNational Labor Relations BoardWashington, DC
Brian West EasleyJones DayChicago, IL
Jolynne MillerNational Labor Relations Board
Washington, DC
Contributing Editors
Kelly R. AndersonFrancis X. DeeAlison FrimmelMcElroy, Deutsch, Mulvaney &
Carpenter LLPNewark, NJ
David S. BirnbaumJones DayChicago, IL
Julia LapisLos Alamos National LaboratoryLos Alamos, NM
Patricia NemethMichael J. BommaritoNicholas A. HugueletNemeth Law PCDetroit, MI
Joseph J. BrennanJones DayCleveland, OH
David BroderdorfMorgan Lewis & Bockius LLPWashington, D.C.
Lorenzo R. CabantogMorgan Lewis & Bockius LLPBoston, MA
Leila ClewisCozen O’ConnorHouston, TX
Ryan W. ColomboChase KarsmanMichael RynnRyan SicilianoFedEx Ground Packaging
System, Inc.Moon Township, PA
Jennifer E. EdwardsJeremiah L. HartBaker HostetlerColumbus, OH
Brendan J. FitzgeraldLittler Mendelson, P.C.Columbus, OH
Nicholas J. JohnsonSpivak Lipton LLPNew York, NY
Board of Editors xi
Michael MobergJackson Lewis PCMinneapolis, MN
Kerry MohanMcDermott Will & EmeryChicago, IL
Trish K. MurphyNorthwest Workplace Law PLLCSeattle, WA
Kellen T. MyersWayne CountyDetroit, MI
Patricia E. PalmeriLaw Offices of Richard S. BrookMineola, NY
Jeffrey I. PasekCozen O’ConnorPhiladelphia, PA
Alan R. PetermanBarclay Damon LLPSyracuse, NY
Jennifer QuelizCozen O’ConnorNew York, NY
Daniel J. RakerArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne, IL
Todd SarverMercy Health SystemSpringfield, OH
Glenn H. SchlabsSherman & Howard LLCColorado Springs, CO
Steven M. SwirskyEpstein, Becker & Green, P.C.New York, NY
Sarah L. ThompsonJames UrbanJones DayPittsburgh, PA
Tony W. Torain, IIJoshua B. WaxmanLittler Mendelson, P.C.Washington, D.C.
Charles F. Waskevich, Jr.Millburn, New Jersey
Elizabeth Cyr WorrellAkin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP
Dallas, TX
xii The Developing Labor Law
Chapter 10
Chapter Editors
Gil AbramsonJackson Lewis PCBaltimore, MD
Paul W. IversenWilliams & Iversen, P.A.Roseville, MN
Chelsea LeyhJackson Lewis PCBaltimore, MD
Contributing Editors
Andrew M. MacDonaldMarvin L. WeinbergFox Rothschild LLPPhiladelphia, PA
Leticia PeñaNational Labor Relations BoardDenver, CO
Louis RosnerPhiladelphia, PA
Letitia F. SilasHoward UniversityWashington, D.C.
Chapter 11
Chapter Editors
Todd A. LyonFisher & Phillips, LLPPortland, OR
Mary L. KnoblauchAnthony, Ostlund, Baer &
Louwagie, P.A.Minneapolis, MN
Contributing Editors
Ronald J. AndrykovitchCarson N. RupertoCohen & Grigsby, P.C.Pittsburgh, PA
Robert G. BrodyBrody & Associates, LLCWestport, CT
Timothy E. CopelandDowns Rachlin Martin PLLCBrattleboro, VT
Eric J. CuState of California, Public
Employment Relations BoardGlendale, CA
Board of Editors xiii
Jose A. KleinFisher & Phillips, LLPPortland, OR
Jason J. ValtosOsborne Law Offices, P.C.Washington, DC
Abby WarrenRobinson & Cole, LLC
Hartford, CT
Chapter 12
Chapter Editors
Jeffrey PlaceLittler Mendelson, P.C.Kansas City, MO
Pamela ChandranGilbert & Sackman, LCLos Angeles, CA
Contributing Editors
Aaron ChibliDanielle Alexis MatthewsNorton Rose Fulbright US LLPDallas, TX
Jonathan CohenPlosia Cohen LLCChester, NJ
Reyburn W. Lominack, IIIStephen MitchellFisher & Phillips, LLPColumbia, SC
Brian PetersonSpencer Fane LLPKansas City, MO
Maurice Nelligan, Jr.Apruzzese, McDermott, Mastro
& MurphyLibertyCorner, NJ
Denise PortnoySpencer Fane LLPOverland Park, KS
Amy ZdraveckyMiller Canfield Paddock and Stone, P.L.C.
Chicago, IL
xiv The Developing Labor Law
Chapter 13
Chapter Editors
Kenneth DolinSeyfarth Shaw LLPChicago, IL
Gary EbyManley BurkeCincinnati, OH
Contributing Editors
Ned BassenHughes Hubbard & Reed LLPNew York, NY
Rebecca J. BernhardJack SullivanDorsey & Whitney LLPMinneapolis, MN
Bryan BieniasJoshua DitelbergAnne HarrisKyle HartmanBradford L. LivingstonArthur TelegenSeyfarth Shaw LLPChicago, IL
Roxana CrasovanBenjamin GehrtClark Baird Smith LLPRosemont, IL
Skelly HarperSeyfarth Shaw LLPBoston, MA
Katrina E. JosephTeamsters Local 120Blaine, MN
Wesley G. S. KennedyRyan ThomaAllison, Slutsky & Kennedy, P.C.Chicago, IL
Noah LipschultzLittler Mendelson, P.C.Minneapolis, MN
Norma ManjarrezRichard SamsonOgletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak
& Stewart, P.C.Chicago, IL
Thomas J. MarcolineLaw Office of Vincent ToomeyLake Success, NY
James N. McCauleyLaw Offices of James N.
McCauleyIthaca, NY
John “Jack” TonerSeyfarth Shaw LLPWashington, D.C.
Margot WarhitHughes Hubbard & Reed LLPNew York, NY
Board of Editors xv
Brian N. WoolleyLathrop & Gage LLP
Kansas City, MO
Chapter 14
Chapter Editor
A. John Harper IIILittler Mendelson, P.C.
Houston, TX
Contributing Editors
Rick HammettBaker & McKenzieHouston, TX
A.J. Harper IILittler Mendelson, P.C.Houston, TX
James D. PetroffBarkan Meizlish, LLP
Avon, OH
Chapter 15
Chapter Editors
Nelson D. Atkin IIBarran Liebman LLPPortland , OR
Gwynne A. WilcoxLevy Ratner, PCNew York, NY
Contributing Editors
Kyle T. AbrahamBarran Liebman LLPPortland, OR
Allyson BelovinLevy Ratner, PCNew York, NY
Crystal S. CareyNational Labor Relations BoardWashington, D.C.
Molly GabelAlaska Airlines, Inc.Seattle, WA
xvi The Developing Labor Law
Chapter 15—(Cont’d)
David P. FrenziaThe Lowenbaum Partnership,
LLCClayton, MO
John P. HasmanArmstrong Teasdale LLPSt. Louis, MO
Melissa J. HealyStoel Rives LLPPortland, OR
Jonathan JudgeThomas LenzAtkinson, Andelson, Loya, Ruud
& RomoCerritos, CA
Ashley LakenBrian StolzenbachSeyfarth Shaw LLPChicago, IL
Stephen B. MauleMcMahon Berger P.C.St. Louis, MO
Stephanie PadillaJohns ManvilleDenver, CO
Grant T. PecorClark Hill PLCGrand Rapids, MI
D. Patton “Pat” PelfreyFrost Brown Todd LLCLouisville, KY
Ted R. ScottLittler Mendelson, P.C.San Diego, CA
Stephen J. StanfordRobison, Curphey & O’Connell,
LLCToledo, OH
Chapter 16
Chapter Editors
Amy Moor GaylordFranczek Radelet P.C.Chicago, IL
Howard RosenPosner & RosenLos Angeles , CA
Contributing Editors
Norman BuchsbaumLaw Offices of Norman
BuchsbaumBaltimore, MD
Louis J. Cannon, Jr.BakerHostetlerWashington, D.C.
Board of Editors xvii
Christopher DeeringOgletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak
& Stewart, P.C.Birmingham, AL
Julia M. DurkinNational Labor Relations BoardDenver, CO
Laura EwanSchwerin Campbell Barnard
Iglitzin & Lavitt LLPSeattle, WA
Erin D. FowlerChristopher A. JohlieFranczek Radelet P.C.Chicago, IL
Amanda K. HansenSchuchat, Cook & WernerSt. Louis, MO
Elizabeth A. JohnsonHarris, Dowell, Fisher & Harris,
LCChesterfield, MO
Alison S. KatoMelissa LambertDaniel J. PadillaCarlsmith Ball LLPHonolulu, HI
Alan LevinsLittler Mendelson, P.C.San Francisco, CA
Lauren McGlothlinNew York State United TeachersLatham, NY
Laura MisumiService Employees International
UnionWashington, D.C.
Mark SchorrErickson & Sederstrom, PCLincoln, NE
Bradley M. TaorminaHall, Render, Killian, Heath &
LymanTroy, MI
Chapter 17
Chapter Editors
Patrick R. ScullySherman & Howard LLCDenver, CO
Ira WeinstockIra H. Weinstock, P.C.Harrisburg, PA
Contributing Editors
Christina L. AdamsRobblee Detwiler & Black PLLPSeattle, WA
Thomas BenderMarc EsterowLittler Mendelson, P.C.Philadelphia, PA
xviii The Developing Labor Law
Chapter 17—(Cont’d)
Gregory A. BrownLittler Mendelson, P.C.Boston, MA
Nicholas DiGiovanni, Jr.Sean O’ConnorMorgan, Brown & Joy, LLPBoston, MA
John DoranLittler Mendelson, P.C.Providence, RI
Joseph J. Steflik, Jr.Coughlin & Gerhart, LLPBinghamton, NY
Joane Si Ian WongNational Labor Relations Board,
Region 2New York, NY
Jon ZimringGreenberg Traurig LLPChicago, IL
Chapter 18
Chapter Editor
M. Jefferson StarlingBalch & Bingham LLP
Birmingham, AL
Contributing Editors
Alexia KulwiecUniversity of Wisconsin School
for WorkersMadison, WI
Clifford H. Nelson, Jr.Leigh E. TysonConstangy, Brooks, Smith &
Prophete, LLPAtlanta, GA
Stuart NewmanSeyfarth Shaw LLPAtlanta, GA
Timothy F. RyanMorrison & Foerster, LLPLos Angeles, CA
Phillip TadlockFedEx ExpressMemphis, TN
Board of Editors xix
Chapter 19
Chapter Editors
W. Jonathan Martin IIConstangy, Brooks, Smith &
Prophete, LLPMacon, GA
Ernest OrsattiRothman Gordon PCPittsburgh, PA
Contributing Editors
Edward H. ChyunJeff SeidleMeredith C. ShoopLittler Mendelson, P.C.Cleveland, OH
John ColwellNational Labor Relations
BoardWashington, DC
Brian KurtzDean Foods CompanyFranklin Park, IL
Terence McGuirePractical Law at Thomson
ReutersNew York, NY
W. Mel Haas IIIAlyssa K. PetersConstangy, Brooks, Smith &
Prophete, LLPMacon, GA
Peter PankenEpstein, Becker & Green, P.C.New York, NY
Kathryn SiegelLittler Mendelson, P.C.
Chicago, IL
Chapter 20
Chapter Editors
Ernest OrsattiRothman Gordon PCPittsburgh, PA
John McCannHancock Estabrook, LLPSyracuse, NY
Contributing Editors
Josh AdamsBush GottliebGlendale, CA
Franciso GuzmanNational Labor Relations BoardBrooklyn, NY
xx The Developing Labor Law
Chapter 21
Chapter Editors
Tanja L. ThompsonLittler Mendelson, P.C.Memphis, TN
Amanda FisherUnited SteelworkersPittsburgh, PA
Contributing Editors
Derek BarellaWinston & Strawn LLPChicago, IL
Joel BarrasReed Smith LLPPhiladelphia, PA
Mary Anastasia HermosilloNational Labor Relations BoardSeattle, WA
George W. Loveland IILittler Mendelson, P.C.Memphis, TN
Laura MaechtlenSeyfarth Shaw LLPSan Francisco, CA
Janine M. MartinHammond & ShinnersSt. Louis, MO
J. Michael McGuireShawe & Rosenthal, LLPBaltimore, MD
Jon NadlerEckert Seamans Cherin &
Mellott, LLCPhiladelphia, PA
Jeffrey RossKarla E. SanchezSeyfarth Shaw LLPChicago, IL
Kelsey M. SheldonDavis Wright Tremaine LLPBellevue, WA
Todd ShinamanNixon Peabody LLPRochester, NY
Howard WexlerSeyfarth Shaw LLP
New York, NY
Board of Editors xxi
Chapter 22
Chapter Editors
Mark W. SchneiderLittler Mendelson, P.C.Minneapolis, MN
Angie Cowan HamadaAllison, Slutsky & Kennedy, P.C.Chicago, IL
Contributing Editors
Gregory BallewFisher & Phillips, LLPKansas City, MO
Norman BuchsbaumLaw Offices of Norman
BuchsbaumBaltimore, MD
Louis J. Cannon, Jr.Baker HostetlerWashington, D.C.
Kristina DetwilerRobblee Detwiler & BlackSeattle, WA
Andrew S. GoldbergLaner Muchin, Ltd.Chicago, IL
Sara KalisLittler Mendelson, P.C.Minneapolis, MN
Matthew KornFisher & Phillips, LLPColumbia, SC
Timothy F. MurphySkoler, Abbott & Presser, P.C.Springfield, MA
Ronald W. NovotnyAtkinson, Andelson, Loya, Ruud
& RomoCerritos, CA
Stephen SchultzSlovak Baron Empey Murphy &
Pinkney LLPPalm Springs, CA
Colin D. WellsDavis Wright Tremaine LLPSan Francisco, CA
Catherine Salmen WrightDinsmore & ShohlLexington, KY
xxii The Developing Labor Law
Chapter 23
Chapter Editor
Ryan J. CassidyEckert Seamans Cherin & Mellott, LLC
Philadelphia, PA
Contributing Editors
Mark BennettSlovak Baron Empey Murphy &
Pinkney LLPPalm Springs, CA
William EmanuelLittler Mendelson, P.C.Los Angeles, CA
Keith JewellGolden LivingFort Smith, AR
Brian LewisJackson Lewis PCBoston, MA
Jon NadlerEckert Seamans Cherin & Mellott, LLC
Philadelphia, PA
Chapter 24
Chapter Editors
Alan Bayless FeldmanSteptoe & Johnson, LLPPhoenix, AZ
Richard WilliamsR.A. Williams Law Firm P.A.St. Paul, MN
Contributing Editors
Erin Norris BassSteptoe & Johnson, LLPPhoenix, AZ
Bill C. BergerL2S LegalDenver, CO
Matthew J. ClevelandHogan Marren Babbo & Rose,
Ltd.Chicago, IL
Chris FosterRandall DanskinSpokane, WA
Board of Editors xxiii
John IrvingBryan O’KeefeR. Timothy StephensonKirkland & Ellis LLPWashington, DC
Christopher TrebilcockMiller, Canfield, Paddock and
Stone, PLCDetroit, MI
David WoolfDrinker Biddle & Reath LLP
Philadelphia, PA
Chapter 25
Chapter Editor
Richard M. ResnickSherman, Dunn, Cohen, Liefer & Yellig, P.C.
Washington, DC
Contributing Editors
Brooks R. AmiotAndrew BaskinEric S. MuellerJackson Lewis PCBaltimore, MD
Deborah GodwinGodwin, Morris, Laurenzi &
Bloomfield, P.C.Memphis, TN
Jay Jaffe1199 SEIU United Healthcare
Workers EastNew York, NY
W. Terrence KilroyPolsinelli, PCKansas City, MO
Kathleen M. McKinneyNational Labor Relations Board,
Region 15New Orleans, LA
Jessica Drangel OchsSEIU Local 32BJNew York, NY
Jeffrey W. PaganoTwomey, Latham, Shea, Kelly,
Dubin Quartararo LLPRiverhard, NY
Eric B. SpositoNational Labor Relations BoardLeonardo, NJ
Ryan H. VannBaker & McKenzie LLP
Chicago, IL
xxiv The Developing Labor Law
Chapter 26
Chapter Editor
Nicole Cuda PérezLaw Office of Nicole Cuda Pérez
Dix Hills, NY
Contributing Editors
Marc AntonettiRyan SearsBaker HostetlerWashington, D.C.
Lauren DarienzoLong Beach, NY
Marie DuarteTeamsters Local Union No. 117Tukwila, WA
Todd C. DuffieldOgletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak
& Stewart, P.C.Atlanta, GA
Richard HankinsMcGuireWoods LLPAtlanta, GA
Adrian HealyIATSENew York, NY
Howard KastrinskyLaura MalloryKing & BallowNashville, TN
Lisa Lin GarciaGeorge J. Tichy, IILittler Mendelson, P.C.San Francisco, CA
Jose MasiniDorit RadzinNational Labor Relations BoardWashington, D.C.
Daniel PasternakSquire Patton Boggs (US) LLPPhoenix, AZ
Chapter 27
Chapter Editors
Sam HeldmanThe Gardner FirmWashington, DC
Jay M. DadePolsinelli, PCKansas City, MO
Board of Editors xxv
Contributing Editors
Virginia W. ChiaoSang-yul LeeK&L Gates LLPChicago, IL
Michael DiMattiaPhillip A. GoldsteinMcGuireWoods LLPNew York, NY
Michele Haydel GehrkePolsinelli, PCSan Francisco, CA
Robbin HuttonFordHarrison LLPMemphis, TN
Dylan KingHCA HealthcareOverland Park, KS
Laura A. Pierson-ScheinbergJackson Lewis PCBaltimore, MD
Thomas TrachselFelhaber, Larson, Fenlon & VogtMinneapolis, MN
Nancy A. WalkerNancy A. Walker, Esq.Wallingford, PA
Chapter 28
Chapter Editor
Kenneth WagnerBlitman & King LLP
Syracuse, NY
Contributing Editors
Daniel AltchekProskauer Rose LLPNew York, NY
Floyd A. ClutterCohen & Grigsby, P.C.Pittsburgh, PA
Michelle EvansOhio Association of Public
Schools/AFSCME Local 4, AFL-CIO
Columbus, OH
Edwin HopsonMichael KirkWyatt, Tarrant & Combs LLPLouisville, KY
Cara OrrTeamsters Local 1108Gahanna, OH
Robert PaulZwerdling, Paul, Leibig, Kahn &
Wolly, P.C.Washington, DC
xxvi The Developing Labor Law
Chapter 28—(Cont’d)
Jeffrey PlaceLittler Mendelson, P.C.Kansas City, MO
Peter PostOgletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak
& Stewart, P.C.Pittsburgh, PA
Anne Marie ScarpinoNational Labor Relations BoardWashington, DC
Stephen SheinfeldWinston & Strawn LLPNew York, NY
Michael TedescoLaw Office of MJ TedescoLake Oswego, OR
Norman WhiteMcNees, Wallace & Nurick LLCHarrisburg, PA
Brent WilsonElarbee, Thompson, Sapp & Wilson, LLP
Atlanta, GA
Chapter 29
Chapter Editor
Michael T. AndersonMurphy Anderson PLLC
Boston, MA
Contributing Editors
Jeffrey BosleyWill DavidDavis Wright Tremaine LLPSan Francisco, CA
Scott FaustProskauer Rose LLPBoston, MA
Jonathan FrittsMorgan Lewis & Bockius LLPWashington, D.C.
Matthew T. HurmFaulkner Hoffman & Phillips,
LLCCleveland, OH
Renee D. McKinneyNational Labor Relations Board
Detroit, MI
Board of Editors xxvii
Chapter 30
Chapter Editors
George DaviesQuinn, Connor, Weaver, Davies
& RoucoBirmingham, AL
Robin Luce HerrmannButzel LongBloomfield Hills, MI
Contributing Editors
Michael DeckerButzel LongLansing, MI
Jennifer DukarskiButzel LongAnn Arbor, MI
Deb GerouxLaura E. JohnsonNeil PatelRoxanna ZahaButzel LongBloomfield Hills, MI
Ziyad HermizLaura MazorBrian McGintyPaul MersinoIvonne SolerButzel LongDetroit, MI
Nicholas StanojevichQuinn, Connor Weaver, Davies &
RuocoBirmingham, AL
Chapter 31
Chapter Editors
George D. AdamsFisher & Phillips, LLPLouisville, KY
Christopher N. GrantSchuchat, Cook & WernerSt. Louis, MO
Contributing Editors
Brian D. BalonickBuchanan Ingersoll & Rooney,
P.C.Pittsburgh, PA
Katie CisnerosLocke Lord, LLPHouston, TX
xxviii The Developing Labor Law
Chapter 31—(Cont’d)
Keith E. EastlandMiller, Johnson, Snell &
Cummiskey, PLCGrand Rapids, MI
William Morris “Bill” Lamoreaux
Law Office of Bill LamoreauxDallas, TX
Eliza LintemuthErin WurstDykema Gossett PLLCGrand Rapids, MI
William J. McMahon, IVCharles P. Roberts IIIConstangy, Brooks, Smith &
Prophete, LLCWinston-Salem, NC
Leticia PenaNational Labor Relations BoardDenver, CO
Clement L. TsaoCook & Logothetis, LLCCincinnati, OH
Chapter 32
Chapter Editor
Karen N. NielsenNational Labor Relations Board
Cleveland, OH
Contributing Editors
Jonathan ElifsonSouthwest Airline Pilots’
Association (SWAPA)Dallas, TX
N. Victor GoodmanMark D. TuckerBenesch, Friedlander, Coplan &
Arranoff, LLPColumbus, OH
Keith D. GreenbergNorth Bethesda, MD
Michael HarringtonMurtha Cullina LLPHartford, CT
Albert PalewiczUniversity of Maryland Law
SchoolBaltimore, MD
Marilyn WidmanKera PaoffDiana RobinsonWidman & Franklin LLCToledo, OH
Rita TrivediNational Labor Relations Board
Washington, D.C.
Board of Editors xxix
Chapter 33
Chapter Editor
Martin J. CostelloMinneapolis, MN
Contributing Editors
Adam AbrahmsEpstein, Becker & Green, P.C.Los Angeles, CA
Mike AldanaQuarles & Brady LLPMilwaukee, WI
Gary ArmbrustUnited Technologies Corp.Berlin, CT
Jae W. ChunFriedman & AnspachNew York, NY
Christopher JacobNational Labor Relations BoardChicago, IL
Greg OltmannsKaiser PermanenteSan Francisco, CA
Renee SanchezWohlner Kaplon Phillips Young
& CutlerEncino, CA
Kate SwearengenCohen Weiss and Simon LLPNew York, NY