fortmas

Spatial Pattern-Analysis of Flickr-Photo DistributionSpatiotemporal Tag Cloud Fort Mason Center, San Francisco

Z-ScoreRange

< -0.80

-0.80 - -0.40

-0.39 - 0.0

0.1 - 2.0

2.1 - 4.0

4.1 - 6.0

> 6.0

Second Level Clustering:Color Hot-Spot-Analysis

Dis

trib

utio

n of

Imag

es

First Level Clustering:SizeNumber of Photos

510

20

> 50

1

}Significant Cold Spots

}Significant HotSpots

Dis

trib

utio

n of

Tag

s

Font Size:

10

50

100

> 200

1

fortmason

fortmasonfortmason

Font Weight/ Color:

fortmason

fortmasonBold font weight for the densest area for each Tag used:

Normal font weight and dark-grey Font Color for all other values:

fortmason

Please note: because of accumulation of tags in certain areas, only a fraction of available tags can be shown on the map above.

The goal of this analysis was to evaluate the spatial pattern of geotagged images from Flickr, which is a widely used Photo-Sharing-Community. The result map can be described best as a statistically weighted map of what is influencing people’s perception at certain areas. In addition to other data, this data may be helpful in many planning processes where it is important to focus on the identification of peoples with their environment and the uniqueness (or missing uniqueness)of each part of the landscape - especially on a bigger scale, where field work and data acquisition is not always possible.

The map consists of two parts. First, the spatial pattern of photos is shown as dots of different size and color. The size indicates first level clustering, which shows different locations of interest. The second level of clustering was calculated using the Gettis-Ord GI-Star statistic, which evaluates the data (number of photos taken at certain locations) by comparing the local mean to the global mean and then determining whether the difference between them is statistically significant. The results are displayed in different color variations: red for hot spots where significant more pictures were taken compared to the overall area of investigation and blue for cool spots, which means given the overall area of investigation, these areas do not get as much attention.Second, the tags for each photo were evaluated to label certain areas. The font size was determined using a formula, which in-

cludes the number of occurrences of each tag in a certain area. In addition, the cluster of each tag where the most occurrences appear are written in bold. This way, tags which were only used by a minority of photographers appear small on the map, whereas statistically often used tags appear bigger. The placement for each tag is calculated by determining the arithmetic center of each tag cluster, but in areas where tags accumulate the placement can shift.

It is important to keep two things in mind:1. This map shows what is statistically influencing the perception. This means that labels may occur at different places compared to where the actual "object" is located (i.e. the Golden Gate Bridge influences people’s perception at many places in the Bay Area but exists only once). Usually this means, the cluster of each tag where the most occurrences appear (written in bold) is also the location where the object itself is located.2. The analysis is based on the data of a limited group of people (the photographers) and a limited period of time (1/1/2006 to 10/01/2011). This means in this particular analysis, 4964 unique photographers took 129.397 photos during this period, which are georeferenced in this area. Ultimately, the data shows only what was or is important to this limited group of people and therefore should be treated with caution and carefull interpretation for use in planning purposes.

Abstract Legend

fortmasonLight-Grey Color/ Shown in Background for most used Tags:

Number of occurrences:

Scale 1:1500

fortmas

FORTMASONBAY

CITY

PARK

BOAT

MARINA

PIEROCEAN

BRIDGEWATER

GOLDENGATE

BEACH

SUNSET

ALCATRAZ

AQUATICPARK

SEAGULL

GHIRARDELLI

MUNICIPALPIERFISHERMANSWHARF

GOLDENGATEBRIDGE

GHIRARDELLISQUARE

III

B2

ST

XSI

AIR

III

BIG

F16

57F

FAT

FLY

AIR

JET

50D

BAY

SLR

VAN

ART

OFF

THE

SEA

JAIL

SKY

FUN

PEN

USS

BEN

CAB

NPS

SUV

OLD

BUS

F16

61F

HOT

RED

CUP

SUN

DAD

USN

RUE

LIFE

BOY

HILL

TAXI

FOG

RUN

MAP

SFAI

SAIL

MAN

LOFI

KITE

GGB

FAIR

LINE

CALI

BUS

USN

CITY

TRIP

FILM

FISH

DOG

FIRE

BIKE

LIFE

RED

NEW

KIDS

RISE

PINK

SHIP

PIER

FA18

FALL

SAIL

JULYAIR

MIST

COIT

RAIN

BIRD

HAIR

ERIC

RIDE

DOG

WWII

ROW

MOM

JETS

SIGN

SX70

FAST

AC45

PATH

FIRE

BIRD

MUNI

VIEW

SEAL

HILL

TRIP

STARWIDE

WINE

FACE

FLAG

GULL

BLUE

ITALY

MATT

BOAT

GATE

NAVY

PARK

PALM

WIND

USAF

HAZY

HEFE

TREE

CAFE

HAZE

BLUR

CLUB

LEGS

BABY

POLE

SEA

JAIL

WALL

SIGN

FORT

CART

STOP

RUST

FRAN

JUMP

POST

LAMP

SEAN

AREABEER

BEAR

BARS

JET

PORT

PANO

MIST

MAST

HYDE

RACE

CARS

EEUU

SAND

CRAB

DUSK

DARK

VIAJE

WALK

LOFI

TOUR

VISTA

HAZE

SFIST

BOOT

PIZZA

TRAIL

SHOP

GREY

LONG

COOL

GOLD

COKE

SAILS

COIT

FORT

PAINT

RISE

FOOD

WESTROOF

MEER

ROCK

NEON

MARE

ROAD

DOCK

APRIL

LINES

WARF

SIGN

FILM

GATE

CART

LOMO

WEEK

DOGS

GAME

SEPIA

SAIL

HAWK

CAFE

DAVID

TREE

FOG

GWSF

ACWS

DEMO

DOOR

TRAIN

CHILD

SHIPS

CIELO

SMILE

ASIAN

PIERS

REISE

GGB

DAWN

WALL

LINES

GLOW

POINT

BIRDS

BRICK

BRIAN

GULL

JET

SFIST

ARTTABLE

LAWN

MOON

NIGHT

CHIRP

DRINK

CHAIR

CHAIN

FLEET

SIGNS

DOCK

LOVE

DOWN

AIRME

ROOF

BLUE

SFBAY

WHITE

WOOD

MUSIC

JEANS

PLANT

SEALS

PARTYMETAL

WIRES

STEPS

PLANE

BLACK

CABLEBIRDS

FILMGULL

YACHT

BOATS

DOGS

PICNIK

TREES

CLEAR

EAGLE

GLASS

SKY

NAVY

BIRD

FERRY

DECAY

COIT

DUSK

WINGS

HAFEN

FENCE

TRACK

RUSTY

BIKING

SPEED HAPPY

ANGLE

ISO100

FORT

PIERS

STORE

AIRME

FUNNY

TRUCK

COAST

STEAM

MASTS

CRABS

BEACH

SUPER

BREAD

CLOCK

KAREN

PIER39

WEEK

BEER

SUN

CURVE

FAMILY

SILVER

CITY

WATER

SUTRO

SHOZU

SUNNY

CLOUD

WAVES

BENCH

URBAN

PICPLZ

GRASS

SHOES

BAY

HEFE

GATE

FA18

NORTH

FLYING

STAIRS

WHITE

FLIGHT

ROBOT

OCEAN

GREEN

SHORE

MODEL

HOUSE

ROCKSDOCKS

COLOR

BOOKS

SHOW

GUARD

FOGGY

SMOKE

OBAMARED

PUBLIC

ISLAND

RED

PIER

FERRY

SHOW

FLEET

WHARF

BOAT

MARCH

AMARO

GGNRA

CARGO

GROUP

MASON

POLICE

SUN

GUITAR

TOWER

WATER

WORLD

ANIMAL

SIERRA

BRICKS

PORT

FOG

STATES

RISE

GRASS

PASTEL

MUSIC

FRISCO

CRUISE

SCENIC

GREEN

STATUE

TRAVEL

LEAVES

TEAMBROWN

ARROW

LOMOFI

DINNER

CANDID

BRIDGE

SPRING

ENGINEPRISON

DESIGN

PLAY

OLD

COLOR

ART

FORT

PACIFICALBERT

WALL

MASON

CROWD

MARINA

MARINE

RACING

BOEING

PIGEON

FA18

JETSFA18

THEBAY

ARTIST

SHIP

DARK

WINTER

ORCHID

STREET

MOSAIC

SAILING

PLANES

B2

AREA

PARTY

RAILING

PURPLE

PEOPLE

APOLLO

HILL

NATURE

USNAVY

LOMO

MIRROR

FISHING

COFFEE

NIGHT

SUNSET

HYDEST

TRACKS

HAIRPIN

URLAUB

ESCAPE

ANGELS

LEAVES

SEA

NAVY

AIRME

HILLS

MAST

SIGN

VIEW

NIGHT

MARTINI

SUNDAY

CENTER

POSTER

ORACLE

EUREKA

COUPLE

FLYING

RAPTOR

DISPLAY

RED

AUGUST

MARKET

BOEING

CLOUDS

CLOUDY

ANDREA

NORCAL

YELLOW

OSPREY

WATER

CASTRO

ROWING

TRAFFIC

HORNET

FAMOUS

GOLDEN

COLORS

STENCIL

PERSON

HOUSES

GREENS

SCHOOL

SKYLINE

WALDEN

PEOPLE

CHAIR

FLOWER

HARBOR

DANGER

SEGWAY

SOCCER

COLOUR

BICYCLE

VEHICLE

SUNNY

TREES

VINTAGE

HOLIDAY

ALIOTOS

PICPLZ

CHURCH

HUDSON

CANNON

CORNER

ORANGE

BRICK

SEALION

ROAD

TOURIST

CHAIRS

FAIR

WINDOW

FIGHTER

FRIENDS

FASHION

MOBLOG

ANIMALS

INKWELL

BRIDGEMAN

HISTORY

PURPLE

JULY

BIRD

TWITTER

MUSEUM

SUMMER

MODERN

OUTSIDE

ANTIQUE

RUSSIAN

SUNRISE

CYCLING

USNAVY

STREET

TEAM

SHOZU

SHADOW

AMERIKA

BRIDGES

EVENING

NATURE

URBAN

MILITARY

SKYLINE

PAINT

SHORE

GRAFFITI

YELLOW

PYRAMID

SIGNAGE

TROLLEY

CRAB

WALKING

TOURISM

MASON

MACHINE

ANDROID

WILDLIFE

STREETS

SEAGULL

BLUESKY

AQUATIC

WARSHIP

SIGN

PAINTING

FESTIVAL

JANUARY

BLUE

BLUE

RUNNING

TEXTURE

GOLDEN

BLACK

FACTORY

TRUCK

TOASTER

VANNESS

HORNET

FIGHTER

DIAMOND

LIGHTING

BUILDING

EXPLORE

GUITAR

HUDSON

STREET

TUGBOAT

HISTORIC

AIRSHOW

RAINBOW

INTERIOR

JOURNEYSHIPPING

PRESIDIO

OAKLAND

TREE

PARK

WARNING

DRAWING

THECITY

GREEN

SAILBOAT

SAILING

MORNING

BOATS

TILTSHIFT

VALENCIA

SFBAY

MARITIME

FTMASON

THEROCK

BRANNAN

SEAFOOD

SCANNED

TRAVEL

BIRDS

SHADOW

FLOWER

LOFI

WEATHER

MUSTANG

ROOFTOP

NATIONAL

PLANE

SFIST

SWIMMER

FLOWERS

AIRPLANE

ART

VACATION

BIRTHDAY

BRIDGE

LOMBARD

HOLIDAYS

CHAIRSAIRCRAFT

HARBOUR

VIGNETTE

BUILDING

SUTRO

RED

TOURISTS

DANGER

WINDOWS

SUNLIGHT

AIRME

COFFEE

CROOKED

SUNSET

OUTDOOR

MADONNA

RAILROAD

CHIRP

GOLD

SIDEWALK

ALCATRAZ

JAPANESE

FORT

TREE

SHADOWS

CANADIAN

ROADTRIP

POLAROIDHEFE

OCEAN

SEAGULL

AMERICAS

MOUNTAINFEATHERS

HARBOR

CARS

ROCK

FLOWERS

INKWELL

BOATS

AMERICAN

ICECREAM

SHOPPING

SEAGULLS

VACATION

STATIUNITI

WEDDING

HISTORY

SWIMMING

ABSTRACT

BALCUTHA

BOAT

BAY

MUNICIPAL

BUILDINGS

UMBRELLA

BALLOONS

SEASCAPE

WALDEN

DECAY

AIRPLANE

COLORFUL

HERCULES

EXPLORED

FRIENDS

PRISON

SAILBOATS

CONTRAST

ENTRANCE

BEAUTIFUL

HANDHELD

CUPCAKES

NASHVILLE

WHARF

PIER

HARBOR

MARINA

POSTCARD

LANDMARK

INTERIOR

EARLYBIRD FOOD

CONCRETE

RENEGADE

COCACOLA

GOLDEN

SUNLIGHT

NORTHERN

4THOFJULY

CITYSCAPE

PORT

RIGGING

ORANGE

NOVEMBER

WINDOW

ELECTRIC

SKYLINE

FESTIVAL

OUTDOORS

FOODPORN

SHORELINE

SHOPPING

STEPS

PATRIOTS

FOUNDINSF

FRANSISCO

LENSFLARE

PEOPLE

FASHION

SFBAYAREA

MARINAINSTAGRAM

BAYSTREET

BLUE

THEMARINA

FISHERMAN

CHRISTMAS

BOOKS

FORMATION

GHIRADELLI

PAVEMENT

PANORAMIC

MACHINERY

AIRSHOW

DUSK

JOHNSLENS

SWIMMER

HEFE

FISHING

FLEETWEEK

STREETCAR

SCULPTURE

DOCKS

CHINATOWN

APARTMENT

GUARD

COITTOWER

ANDROID

CRUISESHIP

TUNNEL

NATURE

TRANSPORT

CHOCOLATE

GREEN

SNOWBIRDSSEPTEMBER DOWNTOWN

BOOKS

LORDKELVIN

AFTERNOON

SAILINGSHIP

LOMOFI

CLOUD

ATTRACTION

DECEMBERSIDEWALK

WESTCOAST

REFLECTION

ABANDONED

CITYSCAPES

PROJECT365

TWITTER

HARBOR FLOWER

BUILDINGS

FORTMASON

CUPCAKE

HELICOPTER

HYDESTPIER

BOAT

RUSTY

AUTUMN

BOATS

PIER45

ROCKS

LIGHTHOUSE

GATE

CHOCOLATE

WAREHOUSE

OFFTHEGRID

PELICAN

PACIFIC

FISHERMANS

PLANTS

FA18HORNET

RESIDENTIAL

RUSSIANHILL

NORTHPOINT

PAVEMENT

ORACLE

YOUTUBE

SCULPTURE

GHIRARDELLI

BLUEANGELS

RUST

FISHINGBOAT

RESTAURANT

LORDKELVIN

GALILEO

FLEETWEEK

HYDESTREET

REFLECTION

BALCLUTHA

COWHOLLOW

SUNGLASSES

FTMASON

GEOCACHING

SKYSCRAPER

GLASSES

GOLDENGATE

STREETLIGHT

LANDMARK

WATERFRONT

FLOWERS

PARKING

NORTHBEACH

FOUNDINSF

DONOTENTER

CONFERENCE

ANGELISLAND

AQUATICPARK AQUATIC

MOTORCYCLE

COASTGUARD

SEAGULLSAILBOAT

WEATHERBUG

PHOTOGRAPH

APARTMENTS

SHIP

LOMOGRAPHY

HORNET

WATER

BEAUTIFUL

FISHERMAN

SEAGULL

AMERICASCUP

MOVIE

BALCLUTHA

PACIFICQUEEN

PACIFICOCEAN

INTERSECTION

MARINAGREEN

PRESIDIO

PIER39MOSTLYSUNNY

SELFPORTRAIT

MONOCHROME

NATIONALPARK

LOMOGRAPHY

WESTERNGULL

AMARO

PHOTOSTREAM

MUNICIPALPIER

WILDLIFE

WEATHERBUG

BRIDGE

SPRING

STAROFALASKA

CONFERENCE

ARCHITECTURE

EMBARCADERO

OSPREY

SANFRANSISCO

FOURTHOFJULY

HARBOUR

TRANSAMERICA

THEROCK

FOODSPOTTING

NORTHAMERICA

LOMOFI

MOSTLYCLOUDY

CHESTNUT

GOLDENGATE

4THOFJULY

FLEETWEEK2012

FLEETWEEK2010

STATUE

BUILDING

SHADOWS

MARINADISTRICT

GUESSWHERESF

GASHOUSECOVE

EXPLORATORIUM

ESTADOSUNIDOS

IPHOTOORIGINAL

SANFRANSISCO

AIRSHOW

VALENCIA

SAFEWAY

BAYBRIDGE

MUSEUM

ALCATRAZISLAND

FTMASON

KARASCUPCAKES

ALCATRAZ

RISE

FOOD

TRANSPORTATION

TREASUREISLAND

WEATHERBUG

SANFRANCISCOCA

MARINHEADLANDS

PERSPECTIVE

DESSERT

CATHAYER

FISHERMANSWARF

GARDEN

GOLDENGATEPARK

REFLECTIONS

MARINADISTRICT

MUSEUM

MARINADISTRICT

CABLECAR

FORTMASONGREEN

NORTHPOINT

HISTORICAL

AQUATICPARK

APARTMENTS

UNITEDSTATESNAVY

FLOWERS

GHIRADELLISQUARE

PALACEOFFINEARTS

FISHERMANSWHARF

SUSPENSIONBRIDGE

SFCHRONICLE96HRS

GOLDEN

FORTMASONCENTER

CHESTNUTSTREET

LARUSOCCIDENTALIS

EARLYBIRD

GOLDENGATEBRIDGE

BAYBRIDGE

MADONNA

NORTHPOINTSTREET

WEATHERBUG

ISLAND

BRANNAN

AUTOMOBILE

NORTHERNCALIFORNIA

STREETPHOTOGRAPHY

ABANDONED

NATIONALPARKSERVICE

BRANNAN

HIGHWAY101

PATRIOTS

FISHERMANSWHARF

TRANSAMERICAPYRAMID

SANFRANCISCOBAYAREA

ICECREAM

PRISON

MONOCHROME

APARTMENTS

THECANNERY

SANFRANCISCOFLEETWEEK

LOMOFI

TUNNELARCHITECTURE

FORTMASONGREEN

GOLDENGATEBRIDGE

SANFRANCISCOCA

MARITIMEMUSEUM

GOLDENGATEBRIDGE

GHIRARDELLISQUARE

GOLDENGATENATIONALRECREATIONAREA

PHILLIPBURTON

HAT

FACE

MARIO

FACES

BIKING

BATEAU

MARE

TUNNEL

CANDID

MIST

METAL

ANCHOR

AQUATIC

DISPLAY

ANIMALS

TALLSHIP

BIKE

SUMMER

ISLAND

SKY

CUPCAKE

FAVORITE

AREA

NAUTICAL

YELLOW

COSTUME

VEHICLEHISTORIC

TOURIST

FRAN

ANIMAL

STAIRS

BEARD

TRAVEL

LONG

CABLECAR

ARTIST

LAMPPOST

PERSON

CLASSIC

PELICAN

FATALBERT

GULLARGONAUT

DECEMBER

PRISON

JETSCOLORS

SIERRA

SCHOONER

SHIP

MARINA

HERCULES

MILITARY

DUSK

CHAIN

MOUNTAINS

SMOKE

MUSTANGHISTORICAL

PAPER

MOTION

BICYCLE

FIREWORKS

TELEGRAPH

TREES

STRUCTURE

CONCRETE

SHOES

SHOW

CLOUDS

BIRD

BATEAUFOOD

HISTORIC

TWILIGHT

AMARO

SUNSET

MORNING

FORMATIONHELICOPTER

INAS1969FILM

ORANGE

SMILE

DAWN

GARDEN

WINDOWS

ENGINEROOM

TYPOGRAPHY

MASON

REFLECTIONS

SHIP

ISLAND

ROADTRIP

ANGELS

SEGWAY

THEROCK

PEOPLE

LIGHTS

BLUE

WHITE

NATIONAL

ARTDECO

AIRCRAFT

LIGHTS

BAYBRIDGE

MERMAID

BOATS

CHINESE

MARITIMEPARK

BALCLUTHA

LIGHTHOUSE

WEEK

DOWNTOWN

SEAGULLS

WATERFRONT

EPPLETONHALL

FOUNDINSF

EVENING

PHILLIPBURTON

PYRAMID

SEASCAPE

FLEETPARK

CROWD

BROWNPELICAN

TELEGRAPHHILL

PACIFICOCEAN

FLEETWEEK2011

SAILBOAT

LIGHTS

VANNESS

NIGHT

BALCLUTHA

AIRSHOW

GLASS

DIAMOND

BLUEHOUR

DEMONSTRATION

TRANSAMERICA

FLOWER

OCEAN

BUILDING

NIGHT

SEAGULLS

SUNGLASSES

HYDESTREETPIER

SUNRISE

TALLSHIP

PAINTING

RUSSIANHILLPARK

WAREHOUSE

CANADIAN

VACATION

SNOWBIRDS

FISHERMANS

ORCHID

AMAROFIREWORKS

CITY

RESTAURANT

INDEPENDENCEDAY

SHIP

MOON

BROWNPELICAN

RUSSIANHILL

FLEETWEEK

FATALBERT

ALCATRAZISLAND

TALLSHIP

CHOCOLATE

WATERSTREET

SUNSET

URBAN

ARTDECO

NIGHTPHOTOGRAPHY

RENEGADE

BICYCLE

PRISON

WESTCOAST

CRAFT

FATALBERT

SAILBOATS

MARINHEADLANDS

SAILBOAT

GHIRARDELLI

PANORAMIC

CITYSCAPEWATERFRONT

CLOCKTOWER

COITTOWER

BLUEANGELS

PIER

BLUEANGELS

PROJECT365

GHIRARDELLISQUARE

SIGHTSEEING

SKYLINE

GOLDEN

LONGNOW

REFLECTION

EARLYBIRD

RESTAURANTS

SUNSETMARITIME

GOLDENGATE

GHIRADELLISQUARE

AIRSHOW

EXPLORATORIUM

SCULPTURE

RUSSIANHILL

MARINADISTRICT

FESTIVALPAVILION

FOODTRUCK

COITTOWER

TRANSAMERICA

GREENS

RESTAURANT

ALCATRAZ

ROBOGAMES2007

FORTMASONCENTER

SANFRANCISCOMARITIMEMUSEUM

ARCHITECTURE

ALCATRAZISLAND

SANFRANCISCOMARITIMEMUSEUM

GHIRARDELLISQUARE

UNITEDAIRLINES

NORTHERNCALIFORNIA

FLEETWEEK

TRANSAMERICA

ROBOGAMES

TRANSAMERICABUILDING

TRANSAMERICAPYRAMID

BLUEANGELS

OFFTHEGRID

GOLDENGATENATIONALRECREATIONAREA

SANFRANCISCOMARITIMENATIONALHISTORICPARK

EMBARCADERO

LONGNOWFOUNDATION

GOLDENGATEBRIDGE

MARITIMEMUSEUM

BALCLUTHA

FISHERMANSWHARF

1 01 0

20

20

30

30

4 04 0

3 03 0

Spatial Pattern-Analysis of Flickr-Photo DistributionSpatiotemporal Tag Cloud Fort Mason Center, San Francisco

10/25/2011, Alexander Dunkel"Network-Landscapes - New control options for Landscape and Environmental Planning through the use of internet-based, international, locative media data streams."

PhD advisor: Prof. Dr. C. Schmidt, Dresden University of Technology, Germany

!(Z-ScoreRange

< -0.80

-0.80 - -0.40

-0.39 - 0.0

0.1 - 2.0

2.1 - 4.0

4.1 - 6.0

> 6.0

Second Level Clustering:Color Hot-Spot-Analysis

Dis

trib

utio

n of

Imag

es

First Level Clustering:SizeNumber of Photos

510

20

> 50

1

}Significant Cold Spots

}Significant HotSpots

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

Dis

trib

utio

n of

Tag

s

Font Size:

10

50

100

> 200

1

fortmason

fortmasonfortmason

Font Weight/ Color:

fortmason

fortmasonBold font weight for the densest area for each Tag used:

Normal font weight and dark-grey Font Color for all other values:

fortmason

Please note: because of accumulation of tags in certain areas, only a fraction of available tags can be shown on the map above.

The goal of this analysis was to evaluate the spatial pattern of geotagged images from Flickr, which is a widely used Photo-Sharing-Community. The result map can be described best as a statistically weighted map of what is influencing people’s perception at certain areas. In addition to other data, this data may be helpful in many planning processes where it is important to focus on the identification of peoples with their environment and the uniqueness (or missing uniqueness)of each part of the landscape - especially on a bigger scale, where field work and data acquisition is not always possible.

The map consists of two parts. First, the spatial pattern of photos is shown as dots of different size and color. The size indicates first level clustering, which shows different locations of interest. The second level of clustering was calculated using the Gettis-Ord GI-Star statistic, which evaluates the data (number of photos taken at certain locations) by comparing the local mean to the global mean and then determining whether the difference between them is statistically significant. The results are displayed in different color variations: red for hot spots where significant more pictures were taken compared to the overall area of investigation and blue for cool spots, which means given the overall area of investigation, these areas do not get as much attention.Second, the tags for each photo were evaluated to label certain areas. The font size was determined using a formula, which in-

cludes the number of occurrences of each tag in a certain area. In addition, the cluster of each tag where the most occurrences appear are written in bold. This way, tags which were only used by a minority of photographers appear small on the map, whereas statistically often used tags appear bigger. The placement for each tag is calculated by determining the arithmetic center of each tag cluster, but in areas where tags accumulate the placement can shift.

It is important to keep two things in mind:1. This map shows what is statistically influencing the perception. This means that labels may occur at different places compared to where the actual "object" is located (i.e. the Golden Gate Bridge influences people’s perception at many places in the Bay Area but exists only once). Usually this means, the cluster of each tag where the most occurrences appear (written in bold) is also the location where the object itself is located.2. The analysis is based on the data of a limited group of people (the photographers) and a limited period of time (1/1/2006 to 10/01/2011). This means in this particular analysis, 4964 unique photographers took 129.397 photos during this period, which are georeferenced in this area. Ultimately, the data shows only what was or is important to this limited group of people and therefore should be treated with caution and carefull interpretation for use in planning purposes.

Abstract Legend

fortmasonLight-Grey Color/ Shown in Background for most used Tags:

Number of occurrences:

Scale 1:1500

!(!(!(

high

FORTMASON1 01 0

20

20

30

30

4 04 0

3 03 0

Spatial Pattern-Analysis of Flickr-Photo DistributionSpatiotemporal Tag Cloud Chelsea "Highline", Manhattan, New York

10/25/2011, Alexander Dunkel"Network-Landscapes - New control options for Landscape and Environmental Planning through the use of internet-based, international, locative media data streams."

PhD advisor: Prof. Dr. C. Schmidt, Dresden University of Technology, Germany

!(

!(

!(

!(Z-ScoreRange

< -0.80

-0.80 - -0.40

-0.39 - 0.0

0.1 - 2.0

2.1 - 4.0

4.1 - 6.0

> 6.0

Second Level Clustering:Color Hot-Spot-Analysis

!(Dis

trib

utio

n of

Imag

es

First Level Clustering:SizeNumber of Photos

1050

500

> 1000

1

}Significant Cold Spots

}Significant HotSpots

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

Dis

trib

utio

n of

Tag

s

Font Size:

20

100

1000

> 3000

1

highlinhighlinehighline

Font Weight/ Color:

highline

highlineBold font weight for the densest area for each Tag used:

Normal font weight and dark-grey Font Color for all other values:

highline

Please note: because of accumulation of tags in certain areas, only a fraction of available tags can be shown on the map above.

The goal of this analysis was to evaluate the spatial pattern of geotagged images from Flickr, which is a widely used Photo-Sharing-Community. The result map can be described best as a statistically weighted map of what is influencing people’s perception at certain areas. In addition to other data, this data may be helpful in many planning processes where it is important to focus on the identification of peoples with their environment and the uniqueness (or missing uniqueness)of each part of the landscape - especially on a bigger scale, where field work and data acquisition is not always possible.

The map consists of two parts. First, the spatial pattern of photos is shown as dots of different size and color. The size indicates first level clustering, which shows different locations of interest. The second level of clustering was calculated using the Gettis-Ord GI-Star statistic, which evaluates the data (number of photos taken at certain locations) by comparing the local mean to the global mean and then determining whether the difference between them is statistically significant. The results are displayed in different color variations: red for hot spots where significant more pictures were taken compared to the overall area of investigation and blue for cool spots, which means given the overall area of investigation, these areas do not get as much attention.Second, the tags for each photo were evaluated to label certain areas. The font size was determined using a formula, which in-

cludes the number of occurrences of each tag in a certain area. In addition, the cluster of each tag where the most occurrences appear are written in bold. This way, tags which were only used by a minority of photographers appear small on the map, whereas statistically often used tags appear bigger. The placement for each tag is calculated by determining the arithmetic center of each tag cluster, but in areas where tags accumulate the placement can shift.

It is important to keep two things in mind:1. This map shows what is statistically influencing the perception. This means that labels may occur at different places compared to where the actual "object" is located (i.e. the Golden Gate Bridge influences people’s perception at many places in the Bay Area but exists only once). Usually this means, the cluster of each tag where the most occurrences appear (written in bold) is also the location where the object itself is located.2. The analysis is based on the data of a limited group of people (the photographers) and a limited period of time (1/1/2006 to 10/01/2011). This means in this particular analysis, 4964 unique photographers took 129.397 photos during this period, which are georeferenced in this area. Ultimately, the data shows only what was or is important to this limited group of people and therefore should be treated with caution and carefull interpretation for use in planning purposes.

Abstract Legend

highlineLight-Grey Color/ Shown in Background for most used Tags:

Number of occurrences:

Scale 1:1500

2012/11/14, Alexander Dunkel

Fig.1: Area where people tagged “fortmason”.

fortmas

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Spatial Pattern-Analysis of Flickr-Photo DistributionSpatiotemporal Tag Cloud Fort Mason Center, San Francisco

10/25/2011, Alexander Dunkel"Network-Landscapes - New control options for Landscape and Environmental Planning through the use of internet-based, international, locative media data streams."

PhD advisor: Prof. Dr. C. Schmidt, Dresden University of Technology, Germany

!(Z-ScoreRange

< -0.80

-0.80 - -0.40

-0.39 - 0.0

0.1 - 2.0

2.1 - 4.0

4.1 - 6.0

> 6.0

Second Level Clustering:Color Hot-Spot-Analysis

Dis

trib

utio

n of

Imag

es

First Level Clustering:SizeNumber of Photos

510

20

> 50

1

}Significant Cold Spots

}Significant HotSpots

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

Dis

trib

utio

n of

Tag

s

Font Size:

10

50

100

> 200

1

fortmason

fortmasonfortmason

Font Weight/ Color:

fortmason

fortmasonBold font weight for the densest area for each Tag used:

Normal font weight and dark-grey Font Color for all other values:

fortmason

Please note: because of accumulation of tags in certain areas, only a fraction of available tags can be shown on the map above.

The goal of this analysis was to evaluate the spatial pattern of geotagged images from Flickr, which is a widely used Photo-Sharing-Community. The result map can be described best as a statistically weighted map of what is influencing people’s perception at certain areas. In addition to other data, this data may be helpful in many planning processes where it is important to focus on the identification of peoples with their environment and the uniqueness (or missing uniqueness)of each part of the landscape - especially on a bigger scale, where field work and data acquisition is not always possible.

The map consists of two parts. First, the spatial pattern of photos is shown as dots of different size and color. The size indicates first level clustering, which shows different locations of interest. The second level of clustering was calculated using the Gettis-Ord GI-Star statistic, which evaluates the data (number of photos taken at certain locations) by comparing the local mean to the global mean and then determining whether the difference between them is statistically significant. The results are displayed in different color variations: red for hot spots where significant more pictures were taken compared to the overall area of investigation and blue for cool spots, which means given the overall area of investigation, these areas do not get as much attention.Second, the tags for each photo were evaluated to label certain areas. The font size was determined using a formula, which in-

cludes the number of occurrences of each tag in a certain area. In addition, the cluster of each tag where the most occurrences appear are written in bold. This way, tags which were only used by a minority of photographers appear small on the map, whereas statistically often used tags appear bigger. The placement for each tag is calculated by determining the arithmetic center of each tag cluster, but in areas where tags accumulate the placement can shift.

It is important to keep two things in mind:1. This map shows what is statistically influencing the perception. This means that labels may occur at different places compared to where the actual "object" is located (i.e. the Golden Gate Bridge influences people’s perception at many places in the Bay Area but exists only once). Usually this means, the cluster of each tag where the most occurrences appear (written in bold) is also the location where the object itself is located.2. The analysis is based on the data of a limited group of people (the photographers) and a limited period of time (1/1/2006 to 10/01/2011). This means in this particular analysis, 4964 unique photographers took 129.397 photos during this period, which are georeferenced in this area. Ultimately, the data shows only what was or is important to this limited group of people and therefore should be treated with caution and carefull interpretation for use in planning purposes.

Abstract Legend

fortmasonLight-Grey Color/ Shown in Background for most used Tags:

Number of occurrences:

Scale 1:1500

!(!(!(

5600m

0 10 20 30 40 50

goldengatebridgealcatraz

baybridgemarina

goldengateart

foodwatergatepark

goldenrisepier

fleetweekboat

statuemason

offthegridflowers

fortsunset

sculpturetree

blueangelsblue

flowerredbirdship

airshowfogsign

whiteocean

earlybirdmarinadistrict

treesexploratorium

windfortmasoncenter

boatsseagullgreen

robogamesgreensharbor

skyorchidyellowisland

citysutro

jetsailboat

birdsgardengrasstravel

brannanbuilding

renegadecraftfairfilmrust

robotjetscraft

streetseasail

showclouds

reflectionchocolate

peoplerestaurant

prisonhornet

alcatrazislandfoodtruck

weatherbughill

goldengatenationalrecreationareafestivalpavilion

fairface

orangefortmasongreen

nightaquaticpark

metalpacificairmedog

sierrafestival

renegadeglass

robotsangelssailingfleet

presidiowarehouse

truckrobogames2007

vacationboeingorchidsairplaneshadoworacleroofgull

waterfrontpalm

valenciachain

patriotsweekpiersplaneview

sailboatschirp

airsun

crowdbeer

fireworkslongnowbicycle

madonnafishermanswharf

woodfly

skylinetherock

navymistbun

combatlordkelvin

longnowfoundationdesign

museumlinesrebarhouseferrydogs

leavesdancer

fireinterior

creatorsprojectwekfestcoffee

militarychairmanbao

coastchairparty

helicoptercolor

municipalpierceilingdocksdock

1 - 3

3 - 4

4 - 5

5 - 6

6 - 7

7 - 8

8 - 9

9 - 10

10 - 11

11+

alca

traz

56 S

ight

ings

306

7m

goldengatebridge101 Sightings

306

7m

306

7m

fortmason9947 Photos

Mar - Oct2116 Sightings

1188

13178

1 2 3 4 5

6

11 13 14 15

16

1

7

18

1

9

20

2 2

TAGS USED AT FORT MASON CENTEROR: WHAT IS THIS PLACE ABOUT? WHAT DO PEOPLE SEE?

SPATIAL ACCUMULATION OF OVERLAYING TAG LAYERSHOW MANY UNIQUE TAG CLUSTERS CAN BE FOUND AT EACH SINGLE LOCATION?OR: HOW MANY DIFFERENT VISUAL INFLUENCES?

NUMBER OF TAG LAYERS:

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec300

500

700

900

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Datenreihen1

POPULAR MONTHJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1 - 3

3 - 4

4 - 5

5 - 6

6 - 7

7 - 8

8 - 9

9 - 10

10 - 11

11+

11797

I M

PO

RT

AN

T E

L E M E N T S I N F L U E N C I N G

P E R C

EP

TI O

N

AT

FO

RT

MA

SO

N

P O P UL

AR

TI

ME

1 - 3

3 - 4

4 - 5

5 - 6

6 - 7

7 - 8

8 - 9

9 - 10

10 - 11

11+

distance and direction to densest cluster

overall number of sightings in the bay area

5600m

0 10 20 30 40 50

goldengatebridgealcatraz

baybridgemarina

goldengateart

foodwatergatepark

goldenrisepier

fleetweekboat

statuemason

offthegridflowers

fortsunset

sculpturetree

blueangelsblue

flowerredbirdship

airshowfogsign

whiteocean

earlybirdmarinadistrict

treesexploratorium

windfortmasoncenter

boatsseagullgreen

robogamesgreensharbor

skyorchidyellowisland

citysutro

jetsailboat

birdsgardengrasstravel

brannanbuilding

renegadecraftfairfilmrust

robotjetscraft

streetseasail

showclouds

reflectionchocolate

peoplerestaurant

prisonhornet

alcatrazislandfoodtruck

weatherbughill

goldengatenationalrecreationareafestivalpavilion

fairface

orangefortmasongreen

nightaquaticpark

metalpacificairmedog

sierrafestival

renegadeglass

robotsangelssailingfleet

presidiowarehouse

truckrobogames2007

vacationboeingorchidsairplaneshadoworacleroofgull

waterfrontpalm

valenciachain

patriotsweekpiersplaneview

sailboatschirp

airsun

crowdbeer

fireworkslongnowbicycle

madonnafishermanswharf

woodfly

skylinetherock

navymistbun

combatlordkelvin

longnowfoundationdesign

museumlinesrebarhouseferrydogs

leavesdancer

fireinterior

creatorsprojectwekfestcoffee

militarychairmanbao

coastchairparty

helicoptercolor

municipalpierceilingdocksdock

1 - 3

3 - 4

4 - 5

5 - 6

6 - 7

7 - 8

8 - 9

9 - 10

10 - 11

11+

alca

traz

56 S

ight

ings

306

7m

goldengatebridge101 Sightings

306

7m

306

7m

fortmason9947 Photos

Mar - Oct2116 Sightings

1188

13178

1 2 3 4 5

6

11 13 14 15

16

1

7

18

1

9

20

2 2

TAGS USED AT FORT MASON CENTEROR: WHAT IS THIS PLACE ABOUT? WHAT DO PEOPLE SEE?

SPATIAL ACCUMULATION OF OVERLAYING TAG LAYERSHOW MANY UNIQUE TAG CLUSTERS CAN BE FOUND AT EACH SINGLE LOCATION?OR: HOW MANY DIFFERENT VISUAL INFLUENCES?

NUMBER OF TAG LAYERS:

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec300

500

700

900

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Datenreihen1

POPULAR MONTHJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1 - 3

3 - 4

4 - 5

5 - 6

6 - 7

7 - 8

8 - 9

9 - 10

10 - 11

11+

11797

I M

PO

RT

AN

T E

L E M E N T S I N F L U E N C I N G

P E R C

EP

TI O

N

AT

FO

RT

MA

SO

N

P O P UL

AR

TI

ME

1 - 3

3 - 4

4 - 5

5 - 6

6 - 7

7 - 8

8 - 9

9 - 10

10 - 11

11+

distance and direction to densest cluster

overall number of sightings in the bay area