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Training for
Conducting Carbon Balance Appraisals of AFOLU projects and policies
FAO-CCAFS International Workshop
Reducing the costs of GHG estimates in Agriculture 12 November 2014
EX-ACT TEAM: LOUIS BOCKEL, MARTIAL BERNOUX, UWE GREWER, LAURE SOPHIE SCHIETTECATTE,
ECONOMICS OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE SYSTEMS (ESAS)
I. Agenda and Objectives
ECONOMICS OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE SYSTEMS (ESAS) AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DIVISION (ESA)
The EX-Ante Carbon balance Tool www.fao.org/tc/exact
By the end of the training, participants will have used the EX-ACT tool and will be able to:
• Explain the concept of a carbon balance
• Apply the EX-ACT tool for a simple application
• Analyze and utilize EX-ACT results
Training Objectives
The EX-Ante Carbon balance Tool www.fao.org/tc/exact
An Excel-based calculator, used to:
• Quantify the amount of GHG released or sequestered from agricultural activities
• Assist in identifying practices with beneficial impacts
What is EX-ACT?
The EX-Ante Carbon balance Tool www.fao.org/tc/exact
• Technical development of the EX-ACT tool
• Conduct GHG appraisals and economic analysis of development projects & agricultural policies
• Disseminate and provide training on the EX-ACT tool in the context of Climate-Smart Agriculture
Role of EX-ACT team
The EX-Ante Carbon balance Tool www.fao.org/tc/exact
9.00-10.30
• Opening (15 mn)
• Presentation of EX-Act Carbon balance Tool and some applications (35 mn)
• Hands-on application of EX-ACT (40 mn) o Entering data in EX-ACT
o Practical exercise: Forest reserve in Brazil
o Practical exercise: Indonesia Palm oil plantation
Training Overview
II. World Bank and IFI’s: Towards a harmonized approach to project level GHG accounting
ECONOMICS OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE SYSTEMS (ESAS) AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DIVISION (ESA)
The EX-Ante Carbon balance Tool www.fao.org/tc/exact
• IFI engaged o World Bank (WB), Asian Development Bank (ADB), European Bank for
Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), European Investment Bank (EIB), Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), Agence Française de développement (AfD), …
• Screening o IFIs shall screen each proposed direct investment project for likely
significant GHG emissions. o IFIs will undertake GHG accounting for all direct investments
consistent with the screening criteria.
• Methodology o IFIs shall undertake the GHG accounting of a project based on
established methodologies for ex-ante GHG accounting
International Financial Institution Framework for a Harmonised Approach to GHG Accounting
The EX-Ante Carbon balance Tool www.fao.org/tc/exact
• Net emissions compared to baseline scenario o Reference scenario may be either a “without project”
scenario or an “alternative scenario”
• Reporting o At a minimum, each IFI shall report annually on the
aggregate net GHG emissions for screened mitigation projects, estimated to arise from the previous year’s approved or signed investments
Harmonised Approach to GHG Accounting
III. Climate change, GHG Appraisal and Climate-Smart
Agriculture (CSA)
ECONOMICS OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE SYSTEMS (ESAS) AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DIVISION (ESA)
AGRICULTURE’S CONTRIBUTION TO GHG EMISSIONS
CLIMATE CHANGE AND AGRICULTURE: MAIN CONCEPTS AND IMPACTS
The EX-Ante Carbon balance Tool www.fao.org/tc/exact
Main mitigation options 70 % of agriculture mitigation potential In developing countries
CO2
rate of deforestation and forest degradation,
adoption of improved cropland management
practices (reduced tillage, integrated nutrient and
water management)
CH4, N2O
RESOURCE USE EFFICIENCY
improved animal production and management of livestock
waste,
more efficient management of irrigation water on rice paddies,
improved nutrient management
Sequestering carbon
conservation farming practices, improved forest
management practices, afforestation and
reforestation, agro-forestry, improved grasslands
management, restoration of degraded land
Mitigation possible through changes in agricultural technologies and management practices
-1,2 t eq-CO2/ha/year -18,8 t eq-CO2/ha/year -42,7 t eq-CO2/ha/year
1 ha of avoided deforestation
from tropical rain forest to degraded lands
1 ha plantation, degraded land to tropical
rain plantation
1 ha grasslands from severely degraded to improved grasslands
-1,7 à -3,8 t eq-CO2/ha/year
1 ha from degraded land to annual crops
The EX-Ante Carbon balance Tool EX-ACT Training, World Bank 2014 www.fao.org/tc/exact
Concepts: Mitigation & Adaptation
Mitigation Adaptation
I attack the problem
I act in response to the impacts of the problem Strategies can and should be
implemented jointly
Decrease GHG
sources
Increase sinks
of GHG
Risk management
Strenghtening
institutions
Trainings
Investments in rural economy
Decrease sources Increase sinks
The EX-Ante Carbon balance Tool EX-ACT Training, World Bank 2014 www.fao.org/tc/exact
Main differences between adaptation and mitigation
Longer-term
effect
Shorter-term
effect
Especially motivated
with countries less
vulnerable to CC
Especially focussed on
vulnerable countries
Global
Local
Effects of climate
change
Causes of climate
change
Mitigation
Objectives Spatial scale
Time scale Equity
Adaptation
Same final common target: Sustainable development
The EX-Ante Carbon balance Tool www.fao.org/tc/exact
Links between Adaptation and Mitigation
Agriculture Adaptation
Targets
Agriculture Mitigation
Targets
Enriched carbon in
soils
rehabilitated land in
watersheds
Reduce flood recurrence
and improve resilience
to natural disasters
Diversify rural income and
strengthen economic
resilience
Increase protection against
disaster (Disaster risk
management, insurance)
reforested areas
improved pasture
management
Reduced deforestation
and slash and burn
practices
L&W
conservation
measures
Community
oriented public
works
Land use
management
Reduced CH4
emissions
Adequate
irrigation
Double target
activities
PES to
farmers
Cropping systems
resilient to drought and
water stress
The EX-Ante Carbon balance Tool EX-ACT Training, World Bank 2014 www.fao.org/tc/exact
From farm-based to comprehensivedevelopment concepts
Conservation agriculture
Sustainable land management
Agroecology
Organic farming
Macro
Micro
Farmingtechnics
Area - basedmanagement
Multi-functionplanning and policies
Climate smart agriculture
Valuechain
CSA among other concepts of `green‘ agriculture
CLIMATE CHANGE AND AGRICULTURE: MAIN CONCEPTS AND IMPACTS
EX-ACT TEAM: LOUIS BOCKEL (FAO): [email protected]
MARTIAL BERNOUX (IRD): [email protected]
UWE GREWER (FAO): [email protected]
WWW.FAO.ORG/TC/EXACT
EMAIL: [email protected]