Body Composition

Chapter 6

Lecture Objectives1. Define fat-free mass, essential fat, and non-

essential fat and describe their functions in the body.

2. Explain how body composition affects overall health and wellness and explain the risks of being overfat and risks of being underfat.

3. Describe how body composition is measured and assessed.

4. Explain how to determine recommended body weight and body fat distribution.

5. Define the term “creeping obesity”.

6. Explain gender differences in location of body fat and disease risk.

Typical Body Composition

Fahey/Insel/Roth, Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 6© McGraw-Hill Higher Education

Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity

Fahey/Insel/Roth, Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 6© McGraw-Hill Higher Education

Creeping Obesity

Physical activitydecreases and leads to a decrease in metabolic rate.

If energy expendituredrops more than energy intake, weight gain will occur.

Corbin, C.B. (2004). Concepts of Fitness and Wellness.Corbin, C.B. (2004). Concepts of Fitness and Wellness.

Health Risks Associated with Being Overfat

Coronary heart disease

Hypertension

Hypercholesterolemia

Cancer

Diabetes

healthy heart

diseased heart

Corbin, C.B. (2004). Concepts of Fitness and Wellness.Corbin, C.B. (2004). Concepts of Fitness and Wellness.

Body Composition and Cancer Mortality

Fahey/Insel/Roth, Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 6© McGraw-Hill Higher Education

BMI and Risk of Type II Diabetes

Body Fat Distribution and Chronic Disease

Location of fat is important to health

What can excess body

fat do to a person’s

health and wellness?

Problems Associated with Very Low Levels of Body Fat

Reproductive, circulatory, and immune system disorders

Too little body fat = Less than 10–12% for women

Less than 5% for men

Fahey/Insel/Roth, Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 6© McGraw-Hill Higher Education

Female Athlete TriadCondition consisting of three interrelated disorders

Fahey/Insel/Roth, Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 6© McGraw-Hill Higher Education

Body Composition Assessment

Skinfold Measurements

Underwater Weighing Bod Pod

DEXA

Estimates Used in Lab

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis

BMI = Weight (kg)Height (m2)

Body Mass Index

Waist-to-Hip Ratio

Levels of Body Fatness, 20-39 YOA

Women Men

Essential 8-12% 3-5%

Low/athletic 13-20% 6-7%

Recommended 21-32% 8-19%

Overfat 33-38% 20-24%

Obese ≥39% ≥25

Table 6.2, page 175

Body Composition AssessmentImplications of Results

Values are:

Proper uses of results:

Physical Activity and Body Composition

Physical Activity, Overweight, and Risk of Death

Fahey/Insel/Roth, Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 6© McGraw-Hill Higher Education

Obesity and Exercise

Activity improves health for people who are normal weight, overweight, and obese.

Making Changes Realistic goals

Check with your physician before setting a goal

Little at a time

Healthy lifestyle

Include: Regular physical activity, endurance

exercise, and strength training

Fahey/Insel/Roth, Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 6 © McGraw-Hill Higher Education

Lecture Summary1. Define fat-free mass, essential fat, and non-

essential fat and describe their functions in the body.

2. Explain how body composition affects overall health and wellness and explain the risks of being overfat and risks of being underfat.

3. Describe how body composition is measured and assessed.

4. Explain how to determine recommended body weight and body fat distribution.

5. Define the term “creeping obesity”.

6. Explain gender differences in location of body fat and disease risk.