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BODY
COORDINATIONPREPARED BY :
MOHD. FAHIM MOHD FARID
4UKM
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BODY
COORDINATION
REFLEXACTION
KINAESTHETICSENSE
HUMAN BRAIN
ALCOHOL
DRUGS
CHEMICAL
COORDINATION
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BODY
COORDINATION
Coordination is the adjustment of our bodys
responses towards any stimuli that involveseveral parts of body.
Coordination involves the adjustment of organs,
limbs and body system
There are two types of body coordination i.enervous coordination and hormonal coordination
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NervousCoordination
Central nervous system
The centre of
coordination in humans
Peripheral nervoussystem
Consist of the autonomic
nervous system and the
somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous
system
Contains nerves that
connect the spinal cordto internal organs and
glands
Somatic nervous system
Consists of cranial
nerves and spinal nerves
that control voluntary
actions
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Classification of the human nervous
system
Human nervous
system
Central nervous
system
brain Spinal
cord
Peripheral nervous
system
Somatic nervous
system
(controlled)
Cranial nerves Spinal nerves
Autonomic
nervous system
(not controlled)
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Neurone
The neurone is the basic unit of the nervous
system. Its function is to carry nerve impulsesA receptor is a cell in the sensory organ that
identifies stimuli due to changes in the
surroundings
An effector is an organ that responds towardsthe received stimuli
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Types of neurone and its function
Types of neurone
Sensory
neurone
Relay
neuroneMotor neurone
Carries impulses from thereceptors to the central
nervous system
Connects sensory neuronesand motor neurones
Carries impulses to musclesand glands (effectors) in the
body
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Neurone
Cell body
dendron
dendrite
myelin
sheath
Node of
ranvieraxon
Nerve
ending
nucleus
cytoplasm
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REFLEX
ACTION
Reflex action is the automatic quick body
response towards external stimuli that occurswithout brain control
Reflex action is controlled by the spinal cord and
this action protects us from danger or injury
Receptors are sensory cells in the skin whereaseffectors are limb muscles.
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Reflex arc
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Kinaesthetic
A proprioceptor can act as sensory organ
because of its sensitivity to muscle contractionKinaesthetic sensory receptors are found in the
muscles, joints, ligaments and tendons
Kinaesthetic sense enables us to be aware of
the position of our body to maintain balance andalso to enables us to detect body movements
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Human Brain
Cerebellum -Controls body
balance
-Coordinates body
balance
Cerebrum -Controls voluntary actions and sensory
functions
-- the biggest part of the brain
Medulla oblongata
- Controls involuntary
actions such as
heartbeats and
sneezing
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Voluntary and involuntary actions
Voluntary action
- type of action that iscontrolled by desires
Involuntary actions
- controlled by themedulla oblongata
Ch i l di ti
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Chemical coordination
in
the bodyPituitary glands Thyroid glands
Adrenal glands Pancreas glands
Testis (male)Ovary (female)
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Drugs and their
characteristics
EXAMPLES OF
DRUGS
Heroines and
morphine
AmphetamineLSD
Cocaine
Barbiturate
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Drugs and their
characteristics
TYPES OF
DRUGS
Depressants (sedative)
Heroine and morphine
Delay response to astimulus
Hallucinogens (modify
emotions)
Marijuana
Hallucination
Opiates (painkiller)
Morphine and marijuana
Relieve pain and anxiety
Stimulants (stimulator)
Amphetamine
Increase metabolic rate
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Effects of alcohol on
body coordination and
healthAlcohol affects the nervous system by hindering
the efficiency of its function and coordinationThe response time of a drunkard during
emergencies is longer
Alcohol can interfere with the cerebrum and
slow down its impulse transmissionsAlcohol can damage liver cells, decrease bile
production and cause liver cirrhosis and
hepatitis