Body Structure
Medical Terminology
Chapter 5
Student Objectives
Define the levels of organization in the human body.
Describe the disease process by defining terms associated with pathology.
Identify four body planes. Relate organs to each body cavity.
Student Objectives
Describe the four quadrants Describe radiology, computed
tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasonography.
Apply directional terms. Identify combining forms, suffixes, and
prefixes related to body structure.
Student Objectives
Identify diagnostic, symptomatic, and therapeutic terms related to body structure.
Identify diagnostic procedures related to body structure.
Student Objectives
Identify surgical and therapeutic procedures related to body structure.
Define the abbreviations related to body structure.
Levels of Organization Cells, Cytology Tissues, Histology
– epithelial
– connective
– muscle
– nervous Organs Systems Organism
Disease Process Disease, morbid signs, objective symptoms, subjective homeostasis pathology etilogy diagnosis, prognosis idiopathic
Body Planes
Imaginary horizontal and vertical lines
Easier to describe location of organ or problem
Midline (midsagittal) Plane
Coronal Plane
Transverse Plane
Ventral and Dorsal
Ventral Cavity
contains body organs that maintain homeostasis
thoracic cavity abdominal cavity pelvic cavity
Dorsal
cranial cavity spinal cavity
Divisions of the Abdomen
right upper quadrant RRQ left upper quadrant LUQ right lower quadrant RLQ left lower quadrant LLQ
Diagnostic Imaging
Radiography (x-ray) Computed Tomography (CT scan) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Ultrasonography
The Spine
Cervical (neck) Thoracic (chest) Lumbar (loin) Sacral (lower back) Coccyx (tailbone)
Body Directions
Superficial and Deep
Abduction and Adduction
Lateral and Medial
Lateral
Bilateral
Medial
toward the side or away from the midline
having two sides or both sides
middle or towards the midline
Superior and Inferior
Proximal and Distal
Anterior and Posterior
Parietal and Visceral
Prone and Supine Inversion and Eversion Palmar and Plantar
Combining Forms Denoting...
Cellular Structure Anatomical Directions Regions of the Body Colors Body Structure
Suffixes - Review
-genesis -gnosis -gram -graph -graphy -pathy
Prefixes - Review
Ab- ad- all- infra- peri- super- trans- ultra-
Diagnostic, Symptomatic and Therapeutic Terms Ablation adhesion dehiscence nuclear medicine polyp radiopharmaceutical sepsis suppurative
Diagnostic Procedures
Digital radiography fluoroscopy magnetic resonance angiography magnetic resonance imaging positron emission tomography sonography stereoradiography
Surgical,Therapeutic Procedures Anastomosis biopsy cauterize curettage frozen section incision and drainage laser surgery ligation resection radical dissection
Abbreviations
AP CNS CT scan, CAT scan CV Dx GI GU
Abbreviations GU I & D LAT LLQ, LUQ, RLQ, RUQ MRI MS PA sono U/L
End Chapter Five
Peritoneum
parietal visceral mesentery retroperitoneal peritonitis
Genetic Disorder / Hereditary Disorder
Any disease or condition caused by defective genes.
cystic fibrosis
Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
hemophilia
muscular dystrophy
Congenital disorder
Is present at birth or existing at the time of birth. Gene abnormalities account for about 5 percent of congenital heart disease.
fetal alcohol syndrome
congenital anomaly
Histology
Epithelial– epithelium - external surfaces - epi– endothelium - internal surfaces -
endo Connective
– bones and cartilage– adipose
Nervous
- plasia
aplasia-lack of development of organ/tissue hypoplasia-incomplete development hyperplasia-abnormal increase in number of
normal cells in normal tissue arrangement dysplasia-abnormal development or growth anaplasia - change in structure of cells and in
their orientation to each other--characteristic of malignancy
Neoplasm (tumor)
Any abnormal new growth of tissue in which the multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, more rapid than normal, and progressive.
ne/o - means new or strange benign - usually not recurring, not
malignant malignant - tending to spread, life-
threatening
Any abnormal new growth of tissue in which the multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, more rapid than normal, and progressive.
ne/o - means new or strange benign - usually not recurring, not
malignant malignant - tending to spread, life-
threatening
Glands
Exocrine Endocrine
endo -inside
crine - to secrete
exo - out of
Pathology and Procedures
adenosis adenitis adenomalacia adenosclerosis adenoma adenectomy