Body Types

• Using the magazines please cut out as many different body types as you can find. You do not need to cut out more than one picture of a body type. You have 20 minutes.

Objective:

• Explain how and why breeds developed.

The Four Foundations TheoryThere is some argument over whether the four foundation breeds were actually separate horse species, or subspecies, meaning that they could have interbred. Numerous examples which fit into each of these categories can be produced, although people could also argue that the four foundations theory is a back-formation which relies on modern horses to explain ancient horses, rather than the other way around.

In your Cornell notes• What is the four foundations theory• What is wrong with the 4 foundations theory?• What is your opinion of the 4 foundations

theory?• Explain how humans may have impacted the

four foundations.• Explain how the environment may have

impacted the four foundations.• Come up with another way to explain the

variety of horse breeds.

DO NOT GLUE THEM!

• Take a blank sheet of paper and divide it into four equal sections.

• On your own, divide your horses into four body types.

• Look at your partner’s division..get an explanation.

• Try their division with your horses…do you like it better?

• Display the division you like best.

• Analyze your horses… Write in the squares:– Body Type 1: Why have they developed that way?

What environment are they in? What is their use?– Body Type 2: Why have they developed that way?

What environment are they in? What is their use? – Body Type 3: Why have they developed that way?

What environment are they in? What is their use? – Body Type 4: Why have they developed that way?

What environment are they in? What is their use?

On the reverse side of the paper write each of the following types

one per square• According to the theory, the four types of

horses which emerged in Europe were: forest horses, draft horses, oriental horses, and tarpan horses. Each of these horses would have been distinct from the other foundations.

• Forest horses are also sometimes called warmbloods in discussions of the four foundations theory, with people believing that they adapted to the forested environments of Central Europe.

• The draft subspecies developed to handle the damp, cold environments of Northern Europe, with a small, stocky body covered in shaggy hair.

• While the oriental type developed in the dry, arid deserts of the Middle East, becoming tall, slim, and energetic.

• The tarpan evolved to handle the cold, dry world of Northern Asia, being small, sturdy, and somewhat shaggy

• Reorganize your horses based on the descriptions.

• What body features did you choose to identify the category to place that horse in?

List common physical traits of each of the following horse slides.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Etalon_race_ardennaise_1.jpg

The "Warmblood" subspecies or "Forest Horse": (Equus ferus

silvaticus, also called the Diluvial Horse) thought to have evolved into Equus ferus germanicus, and which

may have contributed to the development of the warmblood

horses of northern Europe, as well as older "heavy horses" such as

the Ardennais

The "Draft" subspecies: a small, sturdy, heavyset animal with a

heavy hair coat, arising in northern Europe, adapted to cold, damp climates, somewhat resembling today's draft horse and even the

Shetland pony.

The "Tarpan" subspecies: dun-colored, sturdy animal, the size of a large pony, adapted to the cold, dry

climates of northern Asia, the predecessor to the Tarpan and

Przewalski's Horse as well as the domesticated Mongolian horse.

The "Oriental" subspecies: a taller, slim, refined and agile animal

arising in western Asia, adapted to hot, dry climates, thought to be the progenitor of the modern Arabian

horse and Akhal-Teke.

What about these guys?

• Mustang

• Saddlebred

• Quarter Horse

• Lipizzaner

• American Minature

• Tennessee Walker

• Welsh Pony

Discuss• What is the four foundations theory?• What is wrong with the 4 foundations theory?• What is your opinion of the 4 foundations

theory?• Explain how humans may have impacted the

four foundations.• Explain how the environment may have

impacted the four foundations.• Come up with another way to explain the

variety of horse breeds.