BodyMechanics 2

7/24/2019 BodyMechanics 2

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BodyBody

MechanicsMechanics


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Purpose:

1. To facilitate the safe and ecientuse of the appropriate musclegroups:

a. To maintain balance

b. reduce the energy requiredc. reduce fatigue

d. decrease the risk of the injury


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3 Basic lements !n"ol"ed:

1. Body #lignment

refers to correct positioning of head,

back, and limbs

Posture: position of body

parts in relation to each other


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$. Balance

the ability to maintain a steadyposition that does not tip

3. %oordinated Body &o"ements!n"ol"es the integrated functioning of

the musculoskeletal and ner"oussystem as

'ell as joint mobility.


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JOINT MOBILITY

(oint ) the functional unit of themusculoskeletal system

*ange of &otion ) the ma+imummo"ement that is possible for the

joint


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Types of *,&:

1. #cti"e *,& +ercises

$. #cti"e ) #ssisti"e +ercises

3. Passi"e +ercises

-. !sometric +ercises


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Purposes of *,&:

To maintain muscle tone and

strength and pre"ent muscleatrophy

To cause muscles to contract to

maintain si/e shape andstrength of muscles0 to maintain

joint mobility


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Body MechanicsBody Mechanics

Rules for proper body mechanics:

1. Use stronger, larger

muscles to perform tasks

which require physical effort

2. hen mo!ing hea!yob"ects, try to push or pull

instead of lifting the items


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#. $et help if ob"ect

feels too hea!y to lift

%. &ift in a smooth

motion to pre!ent in"ury


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'. (aintain a good posture

). *!oid twisting the body

+. end knees, keep back

straight, spread feet about

one foot apart

-. Use leg muscles when lifting


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Factors Afecting Body Alignmentand Activity

1. ro'th and 2e"elopment

$. Physical ealth

3. &ental ealth-. 4utrition

5. Personal 6alues and #ttitudes

7. +ternal factors8. Prescribed limitations


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Promoting |Saety and Mo!ility

&obility refers to a person9s ability to mo"e

about

4ursing Procedures *elated to%lient &obility:

1. &o"ing

$. Transferring

3. #mbulating

-. requent *eposition

5. *,&


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Positioning and 2raping

PositioningThe technique of placing the patient

on bed or e+amination table safelycomfortably con"eniently ande;ecti"ely in preparation for anyprocedure

2rapingThe manner of e+posing only the

necessary body parts to be

e+amined treated or cleaned


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Purposes:

1. To assist the patient to assume aposition that 'ould best a;ordadequate e+amination

$. To pro"ide safety comfort andpri"acy during e+amination


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Technique:

#. *%T >


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"o# to Position and $ra%e&

1. #ssist the patient to mo"e to the side ofthe bed

$. #ssist the patient to sit on the edge of thebed

3. #ssist client to stand

-. #ssist client to 'alk to check his gait

5. #ssist the client to stand either 'ithslippers or in bare feet on a piece of paper

7. ?ntie the go'n and lea"e the uppermost

tape8. old back the go'n o"er both shoulders

to'ard the front 'hen the physician isready for e+amination

" i t l ( ! t *$ l


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"ori'ontal (ec)m!ent *$orsalPosition+

#reas to be e+amined:

#nterior thora+ head neck a+illa breasts e+tremities

o' to Position and drape:1. *eplace the top sheet 'ith draping sheet

$. %o"er the patient from the shoulders to the

foot part 'ith the sheet hanging loose at thesides

3. #ssist the patient to lie Aat on hisher back'ith the legs together e+tended or slightly

Ae+ed-. Place one pillo' under the head and a smaller

one may be placed under the knees

5. Place the arms along the sides of the body orcomfortably Ae+ed on the sides

l b


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2orsal *ecumbent!ndication: +amination of the abdomen pel"is "agina and rectum0

perform perineal care catheteri/ation and other treatments

o' to Position and 2rape:1. *eplace the top sheet 'ith the draping sheet

$. #ssist the patient to lie Aat on his back

3.


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$orsal Lit,otomy!ndication: +amination of the abdomen pel"ic and perineal areas0 used

in deli"ery and 2 G %

o' to 2rape and Position:1. #ssist the patient to lie on his back

$. !nsert legging or stockinet9s prn

3. #djust the stirrups according to the si/e of the patient

-.


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Sim-s *Lateral+!ndication: or rectal or colon procedures >e+ample: gi"ing

enema@o' to 2rape and Position:

#ssist the patient to lie on either side preferablythe left 'ith body inclined for'ard

1. +tend the left arm behind the back and Ae+the elbo' of the right arm for'ard

$. le+ the right thigh to'ards the abdomen'ith the knee dra'n up higher than the leftknee that is only slightly Ae+ed

3. Hay out the draping sheet in hori/ontalrecumbent position

-. old back and or gather a side of the sheetto e+pose the area to be e+amined


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Prone!ndication:

?sed for the e+amination of the spine andback

o' to Position and 2rape:

1. Place the patient on a prone position.

$. #ssist him to kneel 'ith the knees slightlyseparated

3. Bend for'ard so that the chest is resting onthe bed and the thighs are perpendicular to

the legs

-. Turn the head to one side5. Place the arms either abo"e head or Ae+ at

the elbo' and rest along the side of the head

7. 2rape the patient properly so that only the

area to be e+amined is e+posed.

. 0, t *1 t l+


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.nee/0,est *1en)%ectoral+

!ndication or rectal and "aginal e+aminations0 as a form of

e+ercise for some gynecological conditions.

o' to position and 2rape:1. Place the patient in a prone position

$. #ssist him to kneel 'ith the knees slightly

separated3. Bend for'ard so that the chest is resting

on the bed and the thighs areperpendicular to the legs

-. Turn the head to one side

5. Place the arms either abo"e head or Ae+ atthe elbo' and rest along the side of thehead

7. 2rape the patient properly so that only thearea to be e+amined is e+posed


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Fo#ler-s Position!ndication: ?sed for patients reco"ering from general

anesthesia

o' to Position and 2rape:

1. Places the patient in a hori/ontal

recumbent position$. le"ates the head of the bed appropriately

a. Ho' o'lers ) 15

b.

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BodyMechanics 2

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