BOLE@MacRitchie Yao JiaxuXavier NeoBenedict LeeChee Keng JinJonathan Choong

Welcome to BOLE!!!B Biodiversity

O Outdoors

L Learning

E Experience

BOLE = Trunk of a tree

What is Biodiversity? Diversity of living things in the

environment

Wildlife in Singapore?

Can you believe that Singapore has these animals?

Recap!Living things Animals Plants Fungi Micro-Organisms

Recap!Animals Mammals Birds Fishes Insects

Recap!Characteristics of Mammals Hair as outer-covering Give birth to their young Warm-blooded Suckle their young

Native Mammals

Recap!Characteristics of Birds Have feathers Lay eggs Warm-blooded Have wings, but not all birds can fly. Can

you name some flightless birds?

Native Birds

Recap!Characteristics of fishes Have scales Most lay eggs, but some fishes give

birth to young alive. Breathe through gills Most fishes live in water

Native Fish

Recap!Characteristics of insects Six legs and antennae Divided into three clear parts: head,

thorax and abdomen Lay eggs Have an exoskeleton

But there are other groups of animals too…

Reptiles Have Scales Cold-blooded Lays Eggs Breathe through lungs

Native Reptiles

Amphibians Moist skin Cold-blooded Lay Eggs Breathe through gills/lungs Unique Life Cycle

Native Amphibians

Arachnids Eight Legs Divided into 2 parts: Head, Abdomen Exoskeleton Lay Eggs

Plants Able to make its own food Distinct parts: Roots, Stem, Leaves,

Flowers

Native Plants

Let’s observe some Biodiversity!!

Fungi

Reproduce through spores NOT plants Unable to photosynthesize

Micro-Organisms Unicellular organisms Many different kinds of Micro-organismsI. Planktons (microscopic animal)II. Green algae (microscopic plant)III. Also exists as bacteria Cannot be seen with our bare eyes Microscope needed

Let’s observe some Biodiversity!!

Life Cycles

2-stage Life Cycles Animals that give birth Young looks like Parent Young – Adult

Young

Adult

3-stage Life Cycles Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians, Arachnids,

some insects, some mammals, most fish Young looks like Parent Egg – Young – Adult

*Young of insect from a 3-stage life cycle is called a Nymph

4-stage Life Cycle Some insects Young does not look like Parent Pupa Stage Egg – Larvae – Pupa - Adult

Let’s observe some Life Cycles!!

Leaf Studies Leaves photosynthesize to make food

for the plant Types of Leaves:

Let’s observe some leaves!!

Water Watch Vital for all organisms Diverse habitats We would be analyzing the water at

MacRitchie Reservoir later on, so let’s get ourselves familiar with the procedures

Water Parameters Smell Color Turbidity Temperature Dissolved Oxygen pH Others

Biodiversity ConservationAre they without threats?What can we do?

What are the threats Biodiversity face? Invasive alien species Climate change Pollution Habitat Destruction

Human activity

What is the importance of conserving Biodiversity? We can then be able to appreciate them We depend on biodiversity to live

healthily Healthy Biodiversity is essential for the

maintenance of healthy ecosystems

Biodiversity Montage Clips from Awarding-winning

documentary “Planet Earth” Shows you the various natural habitats

of the world and their inhabitants

RECESS

Nature Trail BriefingPlease give us your full attention and we will make this briefing as short as possible

What should be in your bag? Water bottle Umbrella or Poncho Insect repellant Pencils and erasers

Optional things Sketchbook Binoculars Camera

Do’s and Don'ts Listen to ALL instructions carefully Be quiet at all times in the reserve Watch out for your “Buddy” Maintain a healthy distance from wildlife Walk carefully on uneven terrain Do not go off without telling anybody Do not eat during the trail, only do so

during break time Do not litter

Dangerous Animals Poisonous Animals like snakes Aggressive monkeys What should you do?

Let’s move on to the more interesting stuff Animals you might see today Colorful Kingfishers Beautiful Butterflies Cute Squirrels Perhaps even a monitor lizard!

Note: Please do not touch ANY of them, especially the poisonous animals and monkeys

Plants and others you might seeNative tree speciesTree climbersFernsNative flowering plantsMany different fungi

Note: Please do not destroy or pluck any plants or fungi

Have fun, And Lastly….