BOLETIM DO MUSEU NACIONA L NOVA SÉRI E RIO DE JANEIRO - BRASIL ISSN 0080-312 X ZOOLOGIA N° 374 17 DE JANEIRO DE 199 7 THE GENERA SARAMACIA AND SYNCRANAUS ROEWER, WITH NOTES ON THE STATUS OF THE MANAOSBIIDA E (OPILIONES, LANIATORES, GONYLEPTOIDEA) (1 ) (With 37 figures) ADRIANO B . KURY (2 ) Museu Nacional Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeir o The subfamily Manaosbiinae was created by ROEWER (1943) in Gonyleptidae fo r one species from Amazonia — Manaosbia scopulata Roewer, 1943 . The diagnosti c characters for the subfamily were expressed in a table (ROEWER, 1943 : 14) as follows : 1) common eye mound present ; 2) posterior tarsal claws unpectinate ; 3 ) scopula present in tarsi III-IV ; 4) coxa IV clearly visible beyond scute in dorsa l view ; 5) femur IV spiny and not strongly elongate ; 6) pedipalpal femur normally long and thicker than femur I . On basis on a nested set of derived character states, including some feature s overlooked or neglected by ROEWER (1923, 1943), a monophyletic grou p containing Manaosbia scopulata and many other species hitherto placed i n Cranainae and Prostygninae is for the first time recognized and herein proposed a s a new family of Gonyleptoidea . Although the Manaosbiidae in the present sens e differs widely from the Roewerian diagnosis and brings together for the first tim e various genera formerly scattered among Gonyleptoidea, the Roewerian name i s available and should be used . Likewise, the Stygnoleptinae Soares, 1972 appear as a spurious concept for a n unnatural group and should be dismantled, as will be shown below . Th e manaosbiid genera Saramacia Roewer and Syncranaus Roewer are rediagnosed an d some species have original descriptions complemented . The Brazilian States of Amazonas (AM), Mato Grosso (MT), Mato Grosso do Sul (MS ) and Pará (PA) are herein abbreviated and acronyms of repositories are America n Museum of Natural History, New York (AMNH), Helia Soares Private Collection , Botucatu (HS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo (IB), Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, (MCZ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) , Museu Nacional-Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (MNRJ), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG) , Received on May 22, 1996 . Accepted on September 25, 1996 . 2 Fellow of Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) .
Transcript
BOLETIM DO MUSEU NACIONA LNOVA SÉRI E
RIO DE JANEIRO - BRASIL
ISSN 0080-312 X
ZOOLOGIA
N° 374 17 DE JANEIRO DE 1997
THE GENERA SARAMACIA AND SYNCRANAUS ROEWER,WITH NOTES ON THE STATUS OF THE MANAOSBIIDA E
(OPILIONES, LANIATORES, GONYLEPTOIDEA) (1 )
(With 37 figures)
ADRIANO B. KURY (2)
Museu NacionalUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
The subfamily Manaosbiinae was created by ROEWER (1943) in Gonyleptidae fo rone species from Amazonia — Manaosbia scopulata Roewer, 1943 . The diagnosticcharacters for the subfamily were expressed in a table (ROEWER, 1943 : 14) asfollows: 1) common eye mound present ; 2) posterior tarsal claws unpectinate ; 3 )scopula present in tarsi III-IV ; 4) coxa IV clearly visible beyond scute in dorsa lview; 5) femur IV spiny and not strongly elongate ; 6) pedipalpal femur normallylong and thicker than femur I .On basis on a nested set of derived character states, including some feature soverlooked or neglected by ROEWER (1923, 1943), a monophyletic grou pcontaining Manaosbia scopulata and many other species hitherto placed i nCranainae and Prostygninae is for the first time recognized and herein proposed a sa new family of Gonyleptoidea . Although the Manaosbiidae in the present sens ediffers widely from the Roewerian diagnosis and brings together for the first tim evarious genera formerly scattered among Gonyleptoidea, the Roewerian name i savailable and should be used .Likewise, the Stygnoleptinae Soares, 1972 appear as a spurious concept for anunnatural group and should be dismantled, as will be shown below . Themanaosbiid genera Saramacia Roewer and Syncranaus Roewer are rediagnosed an dsome species have original descriptions complemented .The Brazilian States of Amazonas (AM), Mato Grosso (MT), Mato Grosso do Sul (MS )and Pará (PA) are herein abbreviated and acronyms of repositories are America nMuseum of Natural History, New York (AMNH), Helia Soares Private Collection ,Botucatu (HS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo (IB), Museum of ComparativeZoology, Cambridge, (MCZ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) ,Museu Nacional-Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (MNRJ), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG) ,
Received on May 22, 1996 . Accepted on September 25, 1996 .2 Fellow of Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) .
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A .B .KUR Y
Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt am Main (SMF), Zoological Museum, University o fCopenhagen (ZMUC) . All measurements are in mm . The new name "cheliceral bulla "(from Latin bulla= ball) is here proposed for the distal part of the basichelicerite which i soften swollen and dorsally projected in Gonyleptoidea . To avoid redundancy in thedescriptions, the dorsal scute - which is remarkably uniform - has not been illustrate dfor all species .
The complex story of the Stygnoleptina eThe concept of Stygnoleptinae Soares, 1972, created for including four Neotropica lgenera of Gonyleptoidea, corresponds to the diagnosis of Hernandariinae sensuMELLO-LEITÃO (1930) - that is, " Gonyleptidae with coxae IV hidden under scut eand with mesotergal grooves effaced" . RINGUELET (1959) showed that th eHernandariinae present instead the coxae IV largely surpassing ,the scute, but th econcept (neither the taxa nor the name) by Mello-Leitão was resurrected bySOARES (1972) for the Stygnoleptinae .The study of the four genera included in Stygnoleptinae results in two of them to b econsidered synonyms (Saramacia and Saramaciopsis) and newly referred to th eManaosbiidae, while the type genus (Stygnoleptes) should be included in the Zalmoxida e(KURY, in press), and the last (Glysteroides) belongs to the Gonyleptidae Pachylinae .The subfamily Hernandariinae was founded by SORENSEN (1884) as a monotypi ctaxon for Hernandaria scabricula Sorensen, 1884 from Argentina . ROEWER (1913 )added a few genera, described by older authors without regard to subfamily, so a sHernandariinae then included four monotypic Neotropical genera : HernandariaSere-nsen, 1884, Hernandria Banks, 1909, Hernandarioides Pickard-Cambridge ,1905 and Saramacia Roewer, 1913 . ROEWER (1931) described one more monotypi cgenus for the Hernandariinae - Glysterus - and added also Stygnoleptes Banks ,1914, both described from the Costa Rica, remarking that the material o fStygnoleptes analis should be revised, due to the poor diagnosis and its puzzlin gnon-fitness in Gonyleptidae . The hint by Roewer has been taken by GOODNIGHT &,GOODNIGHT (1947), who reexamined the type material of Stygnoleptes analis, placingit in the Phalangodidae Phalangodinae, and later (GOODNIGHT 86 GOODNIGHT, 1953 )synonymized Stygnoleptes under Cynortina Banks, 1909 . Stygnoleptes has beenfinally revalidated (GOODNIGHT &, GOODNIGHT, 1983) .MELLO-LEITÃO (1930) described the Apembolephaeninae for the Argentinea nApembolephaenus Holmberg, 1909 and Proampycus Roewer, 1916, both include dby ROEWER (1923) in Pachylinae . The diagnosis of Apembolephaeninae was based o nthe mistaken assumption that in the Hernandariinae the coxae were not apparen tunder dorsal scute . MELLO-LEITÃO (1939) synonymized Proampycus withApembolephaenus, which led CANALS (1943), to judge unnecessary a subfamili Aname for only one genus, and to consider Apembolephaenus as a Pachylinae . At thesame time ROEWER (1943) argued there was no sound difference betwee nApembolephaeninae and Hernandariinae, recommended their synonymy, and describe done more genus for Hernandariinae - Glysteroides - from Costa Rica and Guatemala .The Hernandariinae of SOARES SOARES, (1949 : 221) included Stygnolepte' .Glysteroides, Hernandaria and Saramacia, while Herna nd ria and Glysterus werelisted in the Gonyleptinae - without explanation - in the same paper .Hernandarioides reappeared only in the last part of the check list of SOARES &
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SOARES (1954) as a Pachylinae . These authors followed Canals and ignored th eApembolephaeninae, ranking Apembolephaenus in Pachylinae (SOARES 85 SOARES,1954) . RINGUELET (1959 : 152) finally considered Apembolephaenus jorgei to be ajunior synonym of Hernandaria scabricula, and synonymized also Hernandariinaeinto Pachylinae . SOARES (1972) agreed only partially with Ringuelet and consideredthat exclusively the type genus Hernandaria should be removed from theHernandariinae. She. proposed the name Stygnoleptinae for the remaining ex-Hernandariinae, namely Glysteroides Roewer, 1943, Saramacia and Stygnoleptes .She also described Saramaciopsis, from Brazilian Amazonia as a Stygnoleptinae .Ultimately, SOARES & SOARES (1984) , resurrected the Hernandariinae to includ eHernandaria, Ariaeus Sorensen, 1932 and Acrogonyleptes Roewer, 1916 (hitherto inGonyleptinae) .The reinterpretation of Saramacia (this paper) and Glysteroides Roewer (KURY, inprep.) resulted in a reappraisal of the status of the Stygnoleptinae. The case o fSaramacia Roewer, 1913 is astonishing, because the four species here deemed toform this genus have restrict geographic distribution and are morphologicall yeasily recognizable as a group . They were, nevertheless, along 80 years, put by fiv eauthors in eight genera, referred to four subfamilies . The genus Glysterus Roewer,1931 offers another example of geometric multiplication of genera : Based ondifferent individuals of a few closely related species - endemic to a small area - si xgenera have been described in 3 subfamilies (KURY, in prep .) .
-Manaosbiidae Roewer, 1943 new ran k
Mitobatinae (part) : SIMON, 1879:226Prostygninae (part) : ROEWER, 1913 :140 ; 1923:449; MELLO-LEITÃO, 1932 :103Cranainae (part) : ROEWER, 1913:349; 1923:536; MELLO-LEITÃO, 1932 :111 ;SOARES SOARES, 1948:583 ;Heterocranainae (part) : ROEWER, 1913 :417; 1923:567Hernandariinae (part) : ROEWER, 1913 :460; 1923:582 ; MELLO-LEITÃO, 1932 :129 ;SOARES & SOARES, 1949 :22 1Manaosbiinae : ROEWER, 1943 :56Stygnoleptinae (part) : SOARES, 1972 :68Diagnosis : Gonyleptoidea with opisthosomatic dorsal scute only a little wider tha nprosomatic carapace, eye mound small, without depression, armed with two smal lspines; scutal area I armed with a pair of small spines ; scutal area III armed with apair of stouter spines ; pedipalpus smooth, without strong armature in any of th esegments; pedipalpal femur cylindrical ; coxa IV barely visible under scute, dorsally ,covered with pointed tubercles and armed with spiniform apical apophysis ;trochanters I-III may bear ectal spines ; only proximal segments of basitarsus Ispindle-like swollen in male ; tarsi III-IV with a pair of smooth claws '(rarelypectinate) and occasionally sparse scopulae . Ventral plate of penis rectangularelongate, with distal border concave or entire, basal setae stout, slightly bent ,median two pairs of setae of ventral plate dorsally located, distal setae stronglycurved but not helycoidal ; stylus straight, usually bent in apex ; glans exposed ,without dorsal or ventral processes . See also table 1 .
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Distribution: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Surinam ,Trinidad & Tobago, Venezuela, Windward Is .
Sararnacia Roewer, 1913 :465 (Type species S. aurilimbata, by monotypy) ; 1923 :584 ;1931 :159 ; MELLO-LEITÃO, 1926 :370; 1932 :131 ; SOARES & SOARES, 1949 :22 2Rhopalocranoides Mello-Leitão, 1931 :118 (Type species R. annulatus, by originaldesignation) ; 1935:96 - NEW SYNONYMYAnticranaus Mello-Leitão, 1940 :1 ; SOARES & SOARES, 1948:588 (Type species A .annulipes, by original designation) - NEW SYNONYM YOranellius Mello-Leitão, 1941 :440 (Type species O. brasiliensis, by origina ldesignation) - NEW SYNONYMYCranaus (part) : SOARES & SOARES, 1948 :593Meridia (part) : SOARES & SOARES, 1948 :608Sararnaciopsis Soares, 1972 :68 (Type species S. harpachyloides, by origina ldesignation) - NEW SYNONYMYSylvialeptes Jim & Soares, 1991 :799 (Type species S . lucasae, by origina ldesignation) - NEW SYNONYMY
Diagnosis : Manaosbiidae with poorly defined scutal grooves, more or less eviden tonly in the median third ; color background uniform dark brown to blackoccasionally with . light yellow to white markings ; pedipalpal femur with ventrobasal setiferous tubercle, mesoapical spine reduced or wanting ; pedipalpal patell aunarmed ; pedipalpal tibia with five mesal (IiiIi) and four ectal (IiIi) spines ;pedipalpal tarsus with four mesal (IiIi) and four ectal (IiIi) spines ; coxa IV of malearmed with dorso-apical spiniform apophysis and small dorsal spines ; tarsus Iwith 5-7 joints, tarsus II with 10-13 joints, III and IV with 6-7 joints ; posteriortarsal claws unpectinate ; ventral plate of penis rectangular elongate with concav edistal margin ; basitarsus I with all segments but the last spindle-like swollen; ratioleg I-IV length/ scutal length respectively less than 2 .6, less than 3 .3, less than 2 .3 ,less than 3 .1 . See also schematic outline in figure 1 .
Included species . Saramacia aurilimbata Roewer, 1913 (type species) ,Rhopalocranoides annulatus Mello-Leitão, 1931, Sylvialeptes lucasae Jim & Soares ,1991 and the new species described below .
Distribution. Lower Amazonas basin (Brazil and Surinam), Central Brazil .
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Reasons for synonymies in Saramaci aIn table 5, a summary of the four meaningful characters from literature is given - thes ewere enough in the Roewerian system for the distinction of the eight presumable generato which specimens of Saramacia were assigned . The first character, number of scuta lareas, was reported diversely, because the authors could guess the number of the semi -effaced scutal grooves in the specimens, but their interpretations diverged . Character(2), number of tarsal joints in tarsus I, is "genus-worthy" in Roewerian system, so its us emisled the authors. The reduced femoral spine in pedipalpus of species of Saramacia le dauthors to regard it either as "armed" or "unarmed", another key concept in thiscontext . The unequally sized tubercles *of free tergites were reported randomly asgranules (="unarmed") or spines (="armed") .The fusion of scutal grooves is an apomorphic character state, which is mor eparsimoniously explained as a synapomorphy for the species . of Saramacia,convergent with Glysterus and some species of the Hernandariinae . One cannotdiscard the possibility that the segment fusion also occurs in other Manaosbiidae ,without being noticed and/or reported by some authors .Saramacia aurilimbata is known only by a female, and the diagnosis o fSaramaciopsis (Soares, 1972) is identical to that of Saramacia (Roewer, 1923) ,unless by the sexual dimorphic characters . Anticranaus was placed in Cranainae (4scutal areas), while Saramacia and Saramaciopsis were placed i nHernandariinae/Stygnoleptinae (2 scutal areas), although in all cases the groovesare obsolete . The problems of using number of areas as a major character havebeen widely discussed (e .g. KURY, 1990) . Descriptions, figures and localitiescoincide well for the supposed species which occur in Brazil .Different authors chose varied subfamilies for the genera here synonymized unde rSaramacia : MELLO-LEITÃO (1931, 1940, 1941) put his genera in Cranainae ;ROEWER (1913) put his in Hernandariinae, while SOARES (1972) chos eStygnoleptinae and JIM & SOARES, (1991) Prostygninae . The only seriouscandidates would be Cranainae and Prostygninae, and the Roewerian approachcould not be used to decide, since the faint scutal grooves may be viewed equallyas 4 or 5 . Saramacia shares many synapomorphies with the Manaosbiidae, whic hhave the scutal grooves complete, so the effacement of the grooves is considere dautapomorphic for the genus .
Key to the species of Saramacia (see also tables 3-4)
1. Abdominal scute with sinuous lateral yellow markings; tarsus I 7 -jointed S. aurilimbata
. Abdominal scute without sinuous lateral yellow markings; tarsus I mostly 5- or 6 -jointed (rarely 7 -jointed) 2
2. Posterior margin of scute with white transverse band ; tarsal spindle of leg Iforming a single piece due to effacing of the suture ; abdominal scute more than4 .8mm wide ; femur II more than 7 .0mm long S. lucasaePosterior margin of scute without white transverse band, body color uniform ;tarsal spindle of leg I made of two clearly distinct joints; abdominal scute les sthan 4.5mm wide ; femur II less than 6 .0mm long 3
. Trochanter III in both sexes unarmed new species
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Saramacia` aluarengai new specie s(Figs .2-13 )
Type material (Fig.37) : BRAZIL - MT, Chapada dos Guimarães (15°20 'S 55°44W) ,d holotype, 5 9 paratypes (MNRJ 05 .328), 11 .XI .1984, leg. W.Roth ; 1 9 paratyp e(MNRJ 6.241), 03 .II .1977, leg. W.Roth in Cornitermes nest ; MS, Nioaque (21°05 ' S55°50W), 2 9 paratypes (MNRJ 05 .327) ; IX.1983, leg . L .Alvarenga & W .Zwink .Etymology: Species name comes after Dr . Luiz Carlos Alvarenga (Malacology, MNRJ )who collected part of the type series and many other interesting laniatorids .Description . Body and appendages uniform dark brown without white or yello wmarkings. Cheliceral bulla with 2 + 2 ectal denticles, 2 posterior ones and a smal lsubdistal inner tooth . Frontal margin of carapace with 5 teeth (from inside iIIii )(Fig.2) . Trochanter I-III unarmed in both sexes (Fig .3) . Tarsal spindle of male leg Iformed by two well defined articles (Fig.4) . Tarsal joints d 6-10-6-7, 9 6-11/12-6- 7(Figs .4-11) . Distal border of ventral plate of penis with parabolic cleft, marginal spine sIi basal and iIIII distal + II inner . Stylus straight, with folded apex (Figs . 12-13) .
Saramacia annulata (Mello-Leitão, 1931) new combinatio n(Figs .14-24 )
Type locality : BRAZIL, PA - Rhopalocranoides annulatus ; Belém, Saramaciopsisharpachyloides ; "Pirituba" [Piratuba], Anticranaus annulipes; Au rá, Oranelliusbrasiliensis .Distribution (Fig .37) : BRAZIL, PA (Lower Amazonas basin) : Belém (01°27 ' S48°29W) ; Igarapé Aurá, Belém (01 °27'S - 48°25 'W) ; Igarapé Piratuba, tributary o fRio Moju (02°20 'S 49°03 'W) .Type material examined : BRAZIL, PA - Aurá, 2 syntypes of Oranellius brasiliensis(MNRJ 00 .473), leg . A . Leitão de Carvalho ; 11 syntypes of Oranellius brasiliensis(MNRJ 05.079) without collecting labels, but presumably the same as the othe rsyntypes; locality not specified, d holotype of Rhopalocranoides annulatus (MNRJ11 .388) leg . E . May.Other material examined : BRAZIL, PA - Belém (ZMUC 90 .056b) 1 2 leg . A. Goeldi i ntermites' nest ; Belém, Centro de Pesq. Trópico Úmido (MNRJ 6.084) 4 d 7 2 X.1981 leg .H . Cunha ; Belém, Utinga- (AMNH) 1 d '10-21 .XI .1963 leg. Oliveira 86 Wygodzinsky .Description : Body and appendages uniform dark brown to black, without white o ryellow markings. Tibiae ringed. Cheliceral bulla with 1 + 1 ectal denticles, 3posteriór ones and a small subdistal inner tooth . Frontal margin of carapace with
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3-4 teeth (from inside iIi or iIii) . Trochanter I-III armed with posterior proximalapophyses in both sexes, specially stout in leg III (Fig .14) . Tarsal spindle of maleleg I formed by two well defined articles (Fig . 15) . Tarsal joints d 6-13-7-7, 9 6-13-7-7 (Figs .15-22) . Distal border of ventral plate of penis with parabolic cleft, margina lspines Ii basal and iIII distal + II inner. Stylus straight, with folded apex (Figs.23-24) .
Saramacia lucasae (Jim & Soares, 1991) new combination(Figs 25-30 )
Sylvialeptes lucasae Jim & Soares, 1991 :799, figs .1-13. Type IB 921d holotype ,not examined .Type locality: BRAZIL, PA, Tucuruí, Usina Hidrelétrica .Distribution (Fig .37) : Brazil - AM, Puruzinho, Rio Madeira (0.5°52 'S 64°24W); PA :Canindé, Rio Gurupi (02°33 'S 46°30W) ; Santarém (02°26 'S 54°41W) ; Tucuruí, RioTocantins (03°42 'S 49°44 'W) .Material examined . BRAZIL - AM, Puruzinho, Rio Madeira (MZUSP 11 .876) 1 9 3-6 .XII .1975, leg. Expedição Permanente da Amazõnia (EPA) ; PA, Santarém, Faz .Taperinha (MZUSP 11 .874) 1 d , 1 9 , 1-11 .II .1968, leg . EPA; Canindé (AMNH), 19 , 7-15 .IV.1963, leg . Boris Malkin .Description : Body and appendages uniform dark brown to black, with yellowishwhite transverse band on posterior margin of scute . Cheliceral bulla with 7 (IIiiIII )ectal denticles, 3 posterior ones and no subdistal inner tooth . Frontal margin o fcarapace with 4 teeth (from inside iIii) . Trochanter I-III armed with small posteriorproximal apophyses in both sexes (Fig .25) . Tarsal spindle of male leg I formed by asingle piece, but former subdivision evidenced by faint suture (Fig .26) . Tarsal jointsd 5-12-7-7, 9 6-12-7-7 (Figs .26-30) . Distal border of ventral plate of penis wit hparabolic cleft, marginal spines Ii basal and iIII distal + II inner . Stylus straight,with folded apex.
Saramacia aurilimbata Roewer, 1913
Saramacia aurilirnbata Roewer, 1913: 466, fig 181 ; 1923: 584, fig 731 ; SOARESSOARES, 1949 : 222 (Type SMF RI 9 holotype, not examined) .Diagnosis : Abdominal scute black with sinuous bright golden yellow markings i ncorners of lateral margins ; no white stripe on posterior . margin; appendages paleyellow richly reticulated in black; femur IV ventro basal with a stout tubercle ;tarsal counts 7-12-7-7 . Males unknown .Type locality : SURINAM, Saramacca .Distribution (Fig 37) : Known only from the type locality.
Syncranaus Roewer, 191 3
Syncranaus Roewer, 1913 :420; 1923:569; MELLO-LEITÃO, 1923:177 ; 1926:41 ; 1932 :126 ;SOARES & SOARES, 1949:224 (Type species S. cribrurn Roewer, 1913, by monotypy)Belemicola Roewer, 1932:327 (Type species B. circulata Roewer, 1932, bymonotypy) ; MELLO-LEITÃO, 1935:96 - NEW SYNONYMYNeocranaus Roewer, 1913 (part) : SOARES & SOARES, 1948 :609
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Diagnosis : Manaosbiidae with scutal grooves apparent; coxa to patella IV of mal earmed with pointed tubercles, trochanter IV of male with distal inner spine, tarsa ljoints of legs I-IV 6-14-7-7 ; tarsal claws IIi-IV weakly pectinate ; color backgroundlight brown with white rings around granuls ; Ventral plate of penis rectangularelongate with distal margin entire ; stylus with tapering apex, bearing ventro-latera lspines .
Included species : Only Syncranaus cribrum.
Syncranaus cribrum Roewer, 191 3(Figs .31-36)
Syncranaus cribrum Roewer, 1913 :421, fig .7 ; 1923 :569, fig .713 ; MELLO-LEITÃO ,1923:177, 1932 :126, fig .66 ; SOARES 86 SOARES, 1949:224 (Types MNHN an dSMF RI d and 2 syntypes )Belemicola circulata Roewer, 1932 :328, fig .44 ; MELLO-LEITÃO, 1935 :97 (TypesSMF 1445/56 1 d 2 9 syntypes) NEW SYNONYMYNeocranaus cireulatus : SOARES 86 SOARES, 1948:61 0Type locality . BRAZIL, PA - Cametá, Rio Tocantins, Syncranaus cribrum; Belém ,Belemicola circulata.
Distribution (new records with asterisk) . BRAZIL, PA (Lower Amazon basin) - AldeiaAraçu (*) (02°33'S 46°24'W) ; Belém (01°27'S 48°29'W) ; Cametá (02°12'S 49°30W) ;Canindé (*), Rio Gurupi (02°33'S 46°30'W) ; Canoal (*), 35km S Tucuruí (03°59' S49°42W) ; Tucuruí (*), Rio Tocantins (03°42'S 49°44'W) . See map in figure 37 .Material examined . BRAZIL, PA - Aldeia Araçu, Igarapé Gurupi -Uma, Maranhão ,50km E of Canindé, Rio Gurupi (AMNH) 2 d 10 9 , 2-30 .V.1963, leg. B.Malkin ;Belém, (MCZ) 1 9 , VII .1971, leg. T. McGrath ; (MNRJ 6.116) 2 d , VII .1984, leg .W.Roth ; Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), (MNRJ 6 .062) 1 9 ,X.1981, leg. H. Cunha ; (ZMUC 90 .014-90.016) 1 d , 2 9 , VI-VIII 1894, leg. A.Goeldi ;Cametá, (ZMUC 90 .017) 1 9 (determined as Corycus annulatus by W.Sorensen) ;Canindé, Rio Gurupi, (AMNH) . 7 ex, 7-15 .IV.1963 and 2 9 , 1-5.XII .1964, leg .B .Malkin; Canoal, 35km S Tucuruí, left margin, (MPEG) 1 9 , 26.III .1984, leg .B .Mascarenhas et. al . ; Tucuruí, left margin, (MZUSP) 1 d 2 9 , 27.VI .1980, leg .B .Mascarenhas ; (MPEG) 1 9 , 27.VI .1984, leg . W.L.Overal ; (MPEG) 1 9 , 21 .VI .1984 ,leg . W.L.Overal ; (MPEG) 1 d , 18 . VI .1984, leg . W.L.Overal, tree canopy; (MPEG) 1 9 ,Acampamento Bagagem, tree canopy, 18 . VI .1984, leg . W.L.Overal; (MPEG) 2 d , 1 9 ,Bujuro, 19.VII .1984, leg. B.Mascarenhas; (MPEG) 1 d , Acampamento Bagagem ,9 .VI .1984, leg . H .A.Neto .Description of male genitalia (Figs .35-36) : Truncus long and slender ; ventral platedefined as a much elongate rectangle, with distal border entire, slightly concave ,lateral borders armed with 4 (two inner smaller ; two outer larger) straight + 3 recurvedsetae . Glans without dorsal or ventral processes . Stylus straight, elongate, with apexpapillate and narrowed ; armed with about 15 ventro-distal setae .Remarks : In the specimens of Syncranaus cribrum examined the tarsal claws areonly weakly pectinate (Figs .33-34) . It would be, nevertheless, a meaningfu ldifference to distinguish this species from Belemicola circulata, but even so, I
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propose here their identity because the impressing coincidence of all details of th edescriptions . The possible explanations are: 1) Roewer overlooked the faintlypectinate claws of B. circulata as he did other times ; 2) there is indeed someindividual variation, not present in my relatively small sample .
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Many thanks are due to Dr. Norman Platnick (American Museum of NaturalHistory, New York), Dr . Herbert Levi 'and Dr. Laura Leibensperger (Museum o fComparative Zoology, Cambridge), Dr . José Luiz Moreira Leme (Museu de Zoologia- Universidade de São Paulo) and Dr . Henrik Enghoff (Zoologic Museum of theUniversity of Copenhagen) for loan of material - the last named- helped also in th etransliteration of A .Goeldi's handwritten labels . Thanks to Dr . Ulisses Caramaschi(Museu Nacional/ UFRJ) for help with the localities of Antenor Leitão de Carvalho .This study has been supported by grant # 300175/94-9 from the ConselhoNacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) .
RESUMO
OS GÊNEROS SARA MA CIA E SYNCRANAUS ROEWER, COM NOTAS SOBRE OSTATUS DOS MANAOSBIIDAE (OPILIONES, LANIATORES, GONYLEPTOIDEA )
A subfamilia Manaosbiinae Roewer, 1943' até agora monotípica, e incluída e mGonyleptidae é elevada ao escalão de família incluindo os seguintes gênero s(previamente contidos em Cranainae, Heterocranainae e Prostygninae) : AzulamusRoewer, 1957, Barrona Goodnight 86 Goodnight, 1942, Belemnodes Strand, 1942 ,Belemulus Roewer, 1932, Bugabitia Roewer, 1915, Camelianus Roewer, 1912 ,Clavicranaus Roewer, 1915, Cranellus Roewer, 1932, Cucutacola Mello-Leitão ,1940, Gonogotus Roewer, 1943, Manaosbia Roewer, 1943, Mazarunius Roewer ,1943, Meridia Roewer, 1913, Paramicrocranaus Soares, 1970, Pentacranau sRoewer, 1963, Poecilocranaus Roewer, 1943 ; Rhopalocranaus Roewer, 1913 ,Rhopalocranellus Roewer, 1925, Sanvicentia Roewer, 1943, Saramacia Roewer ,1913, Semostrus Roewer, 1943 e Syncranaus Roewer, 1913. Os gêneros BelemulusRoewer, 1932, Rhopalocranoides Mello-Leitão, 1931 . é Rhopalocranaus Roewer ,1913 são removidos da sinonímia de Cranaus Simon, 1879 e revalidados, e ogênero Oranellius Mello-Leitão, 1941 é removido 'da sinonímia de Meridia Roewer,1913 . 0 conceito de Saramacia Roewer, 1913 é reinterpretado e expandido par aincluir como sinônimos juniores os gêneros Saramaciopsis Soares, 1972 (d eStygnoleptinae), Syluialeptes Jim 86 Soares, 1991 (de Prostygninae) e Rhopalocranoide sMello-Leitão, 1931, Anticranaus Mello-Leitão, 1940 e Oranellius Mello-LeitãQ, 194 1(todos de Cranainae) . Anticranaus annulipes Mello-Leitão, 1940, Oranelliusbrasiliensis Mello-Leitão, 1941 e Saramaciopsis harpachyloides Soares, 1972 sãoconsideradas sinônimos juniores subjetivos de Rhopalocranoides annulatus Mello-Leitão, 1931, para a qual a nova combinação Saramacia annulata é proposta . ' Anova combinação Saramacia lucasae é proposta para Sylvialeptes lucasae Jim 86 Soares ,1991 . Saramacia alvarengai sp . n. é descrita do Brasül central . Belemicola circulata
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A .B .KUR Y
Roewer, 1932 é considerada um sinônimo júnior subjetivo de Syncranaus cribrumRoewer, 1913, conseqüentemente, Belemicola Roewer, 1932 é considerado sinônimo d eSyncranaus .
The hitherto monotypic subfamily of Gonyleptidae Manaosbiinae Roewer, 1943 i selevated to family rank to include the following genera (formerly contained i nCranainae, Heterocranainae and Prostygninae) : Azulamus Roewer, 1957, BarronaGoodnight & Goodnight, 1942, Belemnodes Strand, 1942, Belemulus Roewer ,1932, Bugabitia Roewer, 1915, Camelianus Roewer, 1912, Clavicranaus Roewer ,1915, Cranellus Roewer, 1932, Cucutacola Mello-Leitão, 1940, Gonogotus Roewer ,1943, Manaosbia Roewer, 1943, Mazarunius Roewer, 1943, Meridia Roewer, 1913 ,Paramicrocranaus Soares, 1970, Pentacranaus Roewer, 1963, PoecilocranausRoewer, 1943 ; -Rhopalocranaus Roewer, 1913, Rhopalocranellus Roewer, 1925 ,Sanvicentia Roewer, 1943, Saramacia Roewer, 1913, Semostrus Roewer, 1943 an dSyncranaus Roewer, 1913. The genera Belemulus Roewer, 1932, Rhopalocranoide sMello-Leitão, 1931 and Rhopalocranaus Roewer, 1913 are removed from thesynonymy of Cranaus Simon, 1879 and revalidated, and the genus OranelliusMello-Leitão, 1941 is removed from the synonymy of Meridia Roewer, 1913 . Theconcept of Saramacia Roewer, 1913 is reinterpreted and expanded to newly includeas junior subjective synonyms the Stygnoleptinae Saramaciopsis H . Soares, 1972 ,the Prostygninae Sylvialeptes Jim & Soares, 1991 and the CranainaeRhopalocranoides Mello-Leitão, 1931, Anticranaus Mello-Leitão, 1940 andOranellius Mello-Leitão, 1941 . Anticranaus annulipes Mello-Leitão, 1940, Oranelliusbrasiliensis Mello-Leitão, 1941 and Saramaciopsis harpachyloides Soares, 1972 areconsidered new junior subjective synonyms of Rhopalocranoides annulatus Mello -Leitão, 1931, for which the new combination Saramacia annulata is proposed . Thenew combination Saramacia lucasae is proposed for Sylvialeptes lucasae Jim &Soares, 1991 . Saramacia alvarengai is newly described from central Brazil .Belemicola circulata Roewer, 1932 is newly proposed as a junior subjectiv esynonym of Syncranaus cribrum Roewer, 1913, accordingly, Belemicola Roewer,1932 is newly synonymized with Syncranaus .
Key words : Gonyleptidae, Cranaidae, Stygnoleptinae, Amazonia, Neotropicalarachnofauna .
LITERATURE CITE D
CANALS, J., 1943 - Descripción de nuevos generos y especies de opiliones de l asubfamilia "Pachylinae" . Notas Mus . La Plata Zool ., La Plata, 8(63) :1-22, figs .1-9 .
GOODNIGHT, J.C . &, GOODNIGHT, M .L., 1947 - Studies on the phalangid fauna ofCentral America . Am. Mus . Novit., New York, 1340 :1-21, figs .1-30 .
GOODNIGHT, J.C . & GOODNIGHT, M .L., 1953 - The opilionid fauna of Chiapas ,Mexico, and adjacent areas. Am. Mus . Novit., New York, 1610 :1-81, figs .1-63
Bo/. Mus . Nac., N.S., Zool ., Rio de Janeiro (374)
1 1
GOODNIGHT, J .C . 86 GOODNIGHT, M.L., 1983 - Opiliones of the familyPhalangodidae found in Costa Rica . J . Arachnol ., 11(2) :201-242, figs .1-113 .
JIM, R.L .S . 86 SOARES, H .E.M . , 1991 - Novo gênero e espécie de Prostygninae do Brasi l(Opiliones, Gonyleptidae) . Revta bras. Ent ., São Paulo, 35(4) :799-802, figs . 1-13 .
KURY, A.B., 1990 - Synonymic notes on Mitobates Sund. with redescription of th etype species M. conspersus (Perty) (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae) . Bull. Br.arachnol . Soc., Oxon, 8(6) :194-200, figs .1-14 .
KURY, A.B ., (in press) - The spade, the balcony and the wall : a new diagnosis fo rZalmoxidae (Opiliones, Laniatores) . J . Arachnol .
MELLO-LEITÃO, C .F ., 1923 - Opiliões Laniatores do Brasil . Arq. Mus. Nac ., Rio deJaneiro, 24:107-197, figs .1-34 .
MELLO-LEITÃO, C.F ., 1926 - Notas sobre Opiliones Laniatores sul- americanos .Revta Mus . paul ., São Paulo, 14:327-383 .
MELLO-LEITÃO, C.F ., 1930 - Nota sobre arachnideos argentinos . Annais Acad.Bras. Cienc ., Rio de Janeiro, 2(4) :211-214 .
MELLO-LEITÃO, C. F ., 1931 - Opiliões novos ou críticos . Arq. Mus. Nac ., Rio deJaneiro, 33(3) :117-148, figs .1-19 .
MELLO-LEITÃO, C .F., 1932 - Opiliões do Brasil . Revta Mus. paul., São Paulo ,17(2) :1-505, figs . 1-283 + suppl . 1-16 .
MELLO-LEITÃO, C.F ., 1935 - Algumas notas sobre os Laniatores . Arq. Mus. Nac . ,Rio de Janeiro, 36 (4) :87-116 .
MELLO-LEITÃO, C.F ., 1939 - Les arachnides et la zoogéographie de l 'Argentine .Physis, Buenos Aires, 17 : 601-630 .
MELLO-LEITÃO, C .F ., 1940 - Sete gêneros e vinte e oito spécies de Gonyleptidae .Archos Zool . Est . S . Paulo, São Paulo, 1(1) :1-52 .
MELLO-LEITAO, C . F ., 1941 - Opiliões coligidos por A. L . Carvalho no Tapirapés .Revta bras . Biol ., Rio de Janeiro, 1(4) :435-442 .
RINGUELET, R.A ., 1959 - Los aracnidos argentinos del orden Opiliones . RevtaMus. argent . Cienc. natur ., Buenos Aires, 5(2) :125-439, figs .1-62 + p1.1-20 .
ROEWER, C .F., 1913 - Die Familie der Gonyleptiden der Opiliones-Laniatores .Arch. Naturgesch., Berlin, 79A(4) :257-472, figs . l -181 - p1.1-2 .
ROEWER, C .F., 1923 - Die Weberknechte der Erde . Sistematische Bearbeitun gder bisher bekannten Opiliones . Gustav Fischer, Jena, 1116 p ., figs .1-1212.
ROEWER, C .F., 1931 - Weitere Weberknechte V . (5 . Erganzung der Weberknechte de rErde, 1923) . Abh. Naturw . Ver . Bremen, Bremen, 28(2-3) :101-164, figs .1-26 .
ROEWER, C .F ., 1932 - Weitere Weberknechte VII (7 . Ergãnzung der Weberknechteder Erde, 1923) . Arch. Naturgesch ., Berlin, 1(2) :275-350, figs.1-66 .
ROEWER, C.F., 1943 - Weitere Weberknechte XI . Ober Gonyleptiden .Senckenbergiana, Frankfurt a.M ., 26(1-3) :12-68, figs .1-81 .
SIMON, E., 1879 - Essai d'une classification des Opiliones Mecostethi . Remarquessynonymiques et descriptions d'espèces nouvelles . Ann. Soc. Ent. Belgique ,Brussels, 22 :183-241 .
SORENSEN, W., 1884 - Opiliones Laniatores (Gonyleptides W .S .olim) MuseiHauniensis . Naturhist . Tiddskr ., Copenhagen, 14(3) :555-646 .
SOARES, B.A .M., 1945 - Opiliões . da coleção do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro .Archos Zool . Est . S . Paulo, São Paulo, 4(9) :341-394 .
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A .B .KUR Y
SOARES, B.A .M. & SOARES H.E .M . 1948 - Monografia dos gêneros de opiliõesneotrópicos I . Archos Zool . Est . S . Paulo, São Paulo, 5 (9) :553-636 .
SOARES, B.A .M . 86 SOARES, H .E.M., 1949 - Monografia dos gêneros de opiliõesneotrópicos II . Archos Zool . Est . S . Paulo, São Paulo, 7(2) :149-240 .
SOARES, B.A .M . 86 SOARES, H.E.M., 1954 - Monografia dos gêneros de opiliõesneotrópicos III . Archos Zool . Est. S . Paulo, São Paulo, 8(9) :225-302 .
SOARES, B.A .M. 86 SOARES, H.E.M., 1984 - Opera opiliologica varia XXV .(Opiliones, Gonyleptidae) . Revta bras . Ent ., São Paulo, 28(3) :301-314, figs .1-38 .
SOARES, H .E.M., 1972 - Opera Opiliologica Varia II (Opiliones : Gonyleptidae ,Phalangiidae, Phalangodidae) . Revta bras . Biol ., Rio de Janeiro, 32(1) :65-74 ,figs . 1-22 .
Bo/ . Mus. Nac ., N.S., Zool ., Rio de Janeiro (374)
1 3
TABLE 1
MAIN DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS SEPARATING MANAOSBIIDAE, ROEWER, 194 3FROM CRANAIDAE AND GONYLEPTIDAE
Chars /families
Manaosbiidae Cranaidae Gonyleptidae
Fye mound Narrow, low, with apair of weak tubercles .
Often very large and high ,unarmed or armed with
powerful spines.
Narrow, low, with a pair o ftubercles, spines or
median spine or hook orentirely unarmed .
Mesotergalarmature
Area I with pair ofsmall spines, area II I
with pair of large rspines .
Mesotergum unarmed, orlike in Manaosbiidae . In afew species with geminate
spines in area III .
Unarmed, or with mainarmature in area III or IV .
Scutal outline Abdominal scute withsides convex, little
wider tha ncephalothorax .Posterior borde r
substraight .
Abdominal scute withsides convex, little wider
than cephalothorax .Posterior borde r
substraight.
Usually abdominal scutemuch wider than
cephalothorax, withposterior border concave .
Free tergites II-III often with a pai rof small spines .
Generally unarmed, bu tpaired spines appea r
occasionally .
With highly variabl earmature, not like
Manaosbiidae . Sometime simmensely stout cones .
Chelicerae Weakly developed i nboth sexes, with Min a
variably armed .
Often immensely swollenin male, and with bulla
armed with tubercles an dteeth .
Weakly developed in bothsexes, with bulla variably
armed .
Pedipalpus Cylindrical, with weakarmature in femur.
Usually powerful, sexuallydimorphic . Femur may b ekeeled and bear rows o fspines, including a stou t
dorso apical one .
Cylindrical, with wea karmature in femur.
Basitarsus I With basal two jointsspindle-like swollen ,sometimes fused in a
single piece .
All joints uniformly more orless conspicuously thickerand/or longer than thos e
of distitarsus.
All joints uniformly more orless conspicuously thickerand/or longer than those
of distitarsus.Femur IV Unarmed, straight or a
little crooked .Mostly sinuous and weaklyarmed . May bear more orless large spines, usually
not forming rows .
Highly derived, stronglycurved or straight, highlyelongate, may bear many
strong rows of spines .Ventral
plateof penis
Very long, straigh tcontinuing truncus,
rectangular ,sometimes with border
concave.
Short, more or les squadrate, oblique i n
relation to truncus, may beconcave.
Mostly pyriform ,conunuing truncus axis,border straight, but may
be concave in some .
Glans penis Long, with apex bent ,without dorsal o rventral processes .
Stylus may be spined .
Short with apex swolle nand dorsal process in
Prostygninae, long, withwinglets in apex in theothers. Ventral proces s
always absent.
May be short, with swollenapex or moderately long .
Ventral and dorsalprocesses may be present .
Stylus may be spined.
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TABLE 2
SYNOPSIS OF GENERA HEREIN ALLOCATED TO THE MANAOSBIIDAE ROEWER, 194 3WITH FORMER TAXONOMIC INCLUSION AND GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION . ALL FAMILIA L
ASSIGNMENTS ARE NEW EXCEPTED FOR THAT OF MANAOSBIA ROEWER, 1943
CHARACTERS USED IN THE ROEWERIAN SYSTEM TO DISTINGUISH THE 8 CANONICALGENERA TO WHICH THE SPEC11';S OF SARAMACIA HAVE BEEN REFERRE D
GENUS/CHARACTER (1) Number o fscutal areas
(2) Joints oftarsus I
(3) Pedipalpa lFemur
(4) Free tergiteII I
Saramacia 2 7 - v v
Saramaciopsis 2 6 - v v
Anticranaus 4 6 vv v v
Rhopalocranoides 4 6 - v v
Oranellius 4 6 - -
Meridia 4 6/7 - -
Cranaus 4 5/6 - oo / vv
Sylvialeptes 5 5 vv vv
vv = pair of spines, oo= pair of tubercles .
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Saramacia annulata (Mello-Leitão) : fig .1- body outline showing diagnostic features of th eexternal morphology of Manaosbiidae . a=spindle-like swollen basitarsomeres I 1-2 ;b=pedipalps short, weak ; c=chelicerae weak ; d= eye mound domed, with pair of pointe dtubercles; e=scutal areas I and III armed with pair of tubercles ; f=outline of scute plus freetergites ovoid ; g=free tergites armed with transverse rows of pointed tubercles and distinc tparamedian pair ; h=coxa IV barely visible under scute, dorsally with sharp spines, an dspiniform apical apophysis .
Bo/. Mus. Nac ., N.S., Zool ., Rio de Janeiro (374)
1 7
Saramacia alvarengai new species (holotype, MNRJ 5 .328) : fig .2- habitus lateral view . Scalebar : 1 mm .
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A .B .KURY
11
' 13
Saramacia alvarengai new species (holotype, MNRJ 5 .328) : fig .3- d trochanter III, dorsal view ;fig .4- d tarsus I ; fig .5- d tarsus II ; fig .6- d tarsus III ; fig.7- d tarsus IV; fig .8- 9 tarsus I ;fig .9 9 tarsus II ; fig.10 9 tarsus III ; fig.11- 9 tarsus IV ; distal part of penis ; fig .12 dorsalview; fig .13- lateral view . Scale bars : 1 mm, figs .3-11 ; 0 .1 mm, figs .12-13 .
Bo/ . Illus . Nac., N.S., Zool ., Rio de Janeiro (374)
1 9
Saramacia annulata (Mello-Leitão) (MNRJ 6 .084) : fig. 14- d trochanter III, dorsal view ; fig . 15 -d tarsus I ; fig .16- d tarsus II ; fig .17- d tarsus III ; tïg .18- d tarsus IV ; fig .19- 9 tarsus I ;fig.20- 9 tarsus II ; fig .21- 9 tarsus III ; fig .22- 9 tarsus IV ; distal part of penis ; fig .23- dorsalview; fig .24- lateral view. Scale bars : 1 mm, figs . 14-22 ; 0 .1 mm . figs . 23-24 .
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25
29
Saramacia lucasae (Jim & Soares) (MZUSP 11 .874) : fig .25- d trochanter III, dorsal view ;fig .26- d tarsus I ; fig .27- d tarsus III ; fig .28- d tarsus IV ; fig .29- 9 tarsus I ; fig .3O- 9tarsus IV . Scale bars: 1 mm .
Boi. Mus. Nac., N.S., Zool ., Rio de Janeiro (374)
2 1
34
Syrtcpranaus cribrum Roewer (AMNH) : úg.31- d tarsus I ; tig.3? tarsus I ; úg .33- d tarsus IV ;fig .34- 9 tarsus IV. d (MNRJ) distal part of penis : fig .35- dorsal vteW ; fig .36- Same, detail of apex ofstylus, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1mm, figs .31-34 ; 0 .1mm, fig .35 ; 0 .0 I mm, fig.36 .
