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“Bonaparte,” 1798
Jacques Louis David
FIRST CONSUL
“Bonaparte,” 1798
Jacques Louis David
FIRST CONSUL
Europe in 1800Europe in 1800
Haitian Independence, 1792-1804
Haitian Independence, 1792-1804
Toussaint L’OuvertureToussaint L’Ouverture
Louisiana Purchase, 1803Louisiana Purchase, 1803
$15,000,000$15,000,000
“Consecration of the Emperor Napoléon & the Empress
Josephine,” 1806 by David
“Consecration of the Emperor Napoléon & the Empress
Josephine,” 1806 by David
December 2, 1804December 2, 1804
“Consecration of the Emperor Napoléon & the
Empress Josephine,”
1806 by David
“Consecration of the Emperor Napoléon & the
Empress Josephine,”
1806 by David
Napoléon’s Throne
Napoléon’s Throne
The Imperial ImageThe Imperial Image
The “Empire” StyleThe “Empire” Style
Madame Recamier by David, 1808Madame Recamier by David, 1808
Napoleonic EuropeNapoleonic Europe
Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns
Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns
Trafalgar (Lord Nelson: Fr. Navy lost!)
BritainFrance 1805:Sea
PowerSea
Power
Battle of TrafalgarBattle of Trafalgar
“Crossing the Alps,”
1805
Paul Delaroche
“Crossing the Alps,”
1805
Paul Delaroche
Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns
Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns
Britain Austria Russia
(3rd Coalition)
France 1805: -Danube-Italy-Danube-Italy
e ULM: France defeated Austria.
e AUSTERLITZ: France defeated Austria & Russia.
e ULM: France defeated Austria.
e AUSTERLITZ: France defeated Austria & Russia.
Crowned “King of Italy” on May 6, 1805Crowned “King of Italy” on May 6, 1805
Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns
Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns
JENA: French Troops in Berlin!
BERLIN DECREES(“Continental System”)
PrussiaFrance 1806:Confed.Confed.of theof theRhineRhine
Confed.Confed.of theof theRhineRhine
4th Coalition created4th Coalition created
British Cartoon British Cartoon
“Continental System” (1806-1812)“Continental System” (1806-1812)
Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns
Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns
Grand Duchy of Warsaw
FRIEDLAND: France defeated Russian troops : France occupied Konigsberg, capital of East Prussia!
RussiaFrance 1806: PolandPolandPolandPoland
“Napoléon on His Imperial
Throne”
1806
By Jean AugusteDominique
Ingres
“Napoléon on His Imperial
Throne”
1806
By Jean AugusteDominique
Ingres
Marie Louise(of Austria)
married Napoléon on
March 12, 1810
in Vienna
Marie Louise(of Austria)
married Napoléon on
March 12, 1810
in Vienna
Marie Louise(of Austria)
withNapoléon’s
Son
(Napoléon Francis Joseph Charles:
1811-1832)
Marie Louise(of Austria)
withNapoléon’s
Son
(Napoléon Francis Joseph Charles:
1811-1832)
Peninsular Campaign: 1807-1810
Peninsular Campaign: 1807-1810
e Portugal did not comply with the Continental System.
e France wanted Spain’s support to invade Portugal.
e Spain refused, so Napoleon invaded Spain as well!
Spain Portugal
France 1806: ContinentalContinentalSystemSystem
ContinentalContinentalSystemSystem
The Surrender of MadridMay, 1809
The Surrender of MadridMay, 1809
“Third of May, 1808” by Goya (1810)
“Third of May, 1808” by Goya (1810)
“Napoléon in His
Study”
1812
by David
“Napoléon in His
Study”
1812
by David
Napoléon’s Empire in 1810Napoléon’s Empire in 1810
Napoléon’s Family Rules!Napoléon’s Family Rules!
e Jerome Bonaparte King of Westphalia.
e Joseph Bonaparte King of Spaine Louise Bonaparte King of Hollande Pauline Bonaparte Princess of Italye Napoléon Francis Joseph Charles
(son) King of Romee Elisa Bonaparte Grand Duchess of
Tuscanye Caroline Bonaparte Queen of Naples
Napoléon Invades Russia: 1812
Napoléon Invades Russia: 1812
614,000 French troops614,000 French troops
Moscow on Fire!Moscow on Fire!
Napoléon & His Grand Arméeat the Gates of Moscow
Napoléon & His Grand Arméeat the Gates of Moscow
Russian General KutuzovRussian General Kutuzov
The Russian army defeated the French at Borodino.The Russian army defeated the French at Borodino.
Napoléon’s Retreat from Moscow (Early 1813)
Napoléon’s Retreat from Moscow (Early 1813)
100,000 French troops retreat—40,000 survive!100,000 French troops retreat—40,000 survive!
The 6th CoalitionThe 6th Coalition
Britain, Russia. Spain, Portugal, Prussia, Austria, Sweden, smaller German states
France 1813-1814:
Napoléon’sNapoléon’sDefeatDefeat
Napoléon’sNapoléon’sDefeatDefeat
Battle of Dresden (Aug., 26-27, 1813)
Battle of Dresden (Aug., 26-27, 1813)
e Coalition Russians, Prussians, Austrians.
e Napoléon’s forces regrouped with Polish reinforcements.
e 100,000 coalition casualties; 30,000 French casualties.
e French victory.
e Coalition Russians, Prussians, Austrians.
e Napoléon’s forces regrouped with Polish reinforcements.
e 100,000 coalition casualties; 30,000 French casualties.
e French victory.
Napoléon’s Defeat at Leipzig(October 16-17, 1813)
Napoléon’s Defeat at Leipzig(October 16-17, 1813)
“Battle of the Nations” Memorial
“Battle of the Nations” Memorial
Napoléon Abdicates!Napoléon Abdicates!
e Allied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814.
e Napoléon abdicated on April 6 in favor of his son, but the Allies insisted on unconditional surrender.
e Napoléon abdicated again on April 11.
e Treaty of Fontainbleau exiles Napoléon to Elba with an annual income of 2,000,000 francs.
e The royalists took control and restored Louis XVIII to the throne.
e Allied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814.
e Napoléon abdicated on April 6 in favor of his son, but the Allies insisted on unconditional surrender.
e Napoléon abdicated again on April 11.
e Treaty of Fontainbleau exiles Napoléon to Elba with an annual income of 2,000,000 francs.
e The royalists took control and restored Louis XVIII to the throne.
Napoléon in Exile on ElbaNapoléon in Exile on Elba
Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824)Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824)
“The War of the 7th Coalition”
“The War of the 7th Coalition”
Britain, Russia. Prussia, Austria, Sweden, smaller
German states
France 1815: Napoleon’sNapoleon’s“100 Days”“100 Days”Napoleon’sNapoleon’s“100 Days”“100 Days”
e Napoléon escaped Elba and landed in France on March 1, 1815 the beginning of his 100 Days.
e Marie Louise & his son were in the hands of the Austrians.
e Napoléon escaped Elba and landed in France on March 1, 1815 the beginning of his 100 Days.
e Marie Louise & his son were in the hands of the Austrians.
The Congress of Vienna(September 1, 1814 – June 9, 1815)The Congress of Vienna(September 1, 1814 – June 9, 1815)
e It’s job was to undo everything that Napoléon had done:
V Reduce France to its old boundaries her frontiers were pushed back to 1790 level.
V Restore as many of the old monarchies as possible that had lost their thrones during the Napoléonic era.
e Supported the resolution: There is always an alternative to conflict.
e It’s job was to undo everything that Napoléon had done:
V Reduce France to its old boundaries her frontiers were pushed back to 1790 level.
V Restore as many of the old monarchies as possible that had lost their thrones during the Napoléonic era.
e Supported the resolution: There is always an alternative to conflict.
Key Players at Vienna
Key Players at Vienna
The “Host”Prince Klemens von Metternich (Aus.)
Foreign Minister, Viscount Castlereagh
(Br.)
Tsar Alexander I (Rus.)
King Frederick William III (Prus.)
Foreign Minister, Charles Maurice
de Tallyrand (Fr.)
Key Principles Established at Vienna
Key Principles Established at Vienna
V Balance of Power
V Legitimacy
V Compensation
V Balance of Power
V Legitimacy
V Compensation
e Coalition forces would occupy France for 3-5 years.
e France would have to pay an indemnity of 700,000,000 francs.
e Coalition forces would occupy France for 3-5 years.
e France would have to pay an indemnity of 700,000,000 francs.
Napoléon’s Defeat at Waterloo
(June 18, 1815)
Napoléon’s Defeat at Waterloo
(June 18, 1815)
Duke of Wellington Prus. General Blücher Duke of Wellington Prus. General Blücher
Napoléon on His
Way to HisFinal Exile
onSt. Helena
Napoléon on His
Way to HisFinal Exile
onSt. Helena
V France was deprived of all territory conquered by Napoléon.
V Russia was given most of Duchy of Warsaw (Poland).
V Prussia was given half of Saxony, parts of Poland, and other German territories.
V A Germanic Confederation of 39 states (including Prussia) was created from the previous 300, under Austrian rule.
V Austria was given back territory it had lost recently, plus more in Germany and Italy.
V The House of Orange was given the Dutch Republic and the Austrian Netherlands to rule.
Changes Made at Vienna (1)Changes Made at Vienna (1)
Changes Made at Vienna (2)Changes Made at Vienna (2)V Norway and Sweden were joined.V The neutrality of Switzerland was guaranteed.V Hanover was enlarged, and made a kingdom.V Britain was given Cape Colony, South Africa,
and various other colonies in Africa and Asia.V Sardinia was given Piedmont, Nice, Savoy,
and Genoa.V The Bourbon Ferdinand I was restored in the
Two Sicilies.V The Duchy of Parma was given to Marie
Louise.V The slave trade was condemned (at British
urging).V Freedom of navigation was guaranteed for
many rivers.
Europe After the Congress of Vienna
Europe After the Congress of Vienna
Napoléon’s TombNapoléon’s Tomb
What is What is NapoléoNapoléo
n’s n’s Legacy?Legacy?
What is What is NapoléoNapoléo
n’s n’s Legacy?Legacy?