Bonding & Hydrocarbon Notes

Interactions of

Matter

9/15/09

Review from Atomic Structure:

Define an atom. Describe the 3 sub-atomic properties. Ex. P (Phosphorus) State the # of p, n & e- in P: 15

P 31

Atoms will gain, lose, or share electrons in order to gain stability!

Atoms need a FULL outer energy shell. 8 valence e-Full Octet Rule. Exception: H, it only needs 2 valence

electrons.

BondsIonic Bonds: The transfer of electrons

from one atom to another. The opposite charged atoms have a

strong attraction. Example NaCl (Sodium Chloride) and LiO

(Lithium Oxide).Na (2, 8, 1) 1 valence electronCl (2, 8 , 7) 7 valence electrons

Bonds

2. Covalent Bonds: The sharing of electrons so both energy levels are filled.Very strong bond.Found in most living things

BondsBonds

Single bonds: single pair of electrons is shared.Ex: H2O CH4

Double bonds: two pairs (4 electrons) are shared Example: CO2 or O2

Molecule: collection of two or more atoms. Example: C6H12O6 (Glucose)

Inorganic MoleculesDo not contain CarbonExamples: Water, minerals, salt,

and sand.

Organic Molecules

Carbon-containing molecules

2 Million different compounds

Ability to form strong and stable covalent bonds.

Carbon chains -- unlimited length

Carbon rings

HydrocarbonsCompound consisting of only carbon

and hydrogenSimplest organic molecule

Alkane AlkeneAlkyne

Naming Hydrocarbons

Based on the number of carbons

Prefixes: 1 - Meth 2 - Eth 3 - Prop 4 - But 5 - Pent 6 - Hex 7 - Hept 8 - Oct 9 - Non 10 - Dec

Suffixes:-ane Single Bonds-ene Double Bonds-yne Triple Bonds

How do we figure out the # of H’s & C’s????

Formulas: n = Number of Carbons (C)-ane (all single bonds) CnH2(n) + 2-ene (double bond) CnH2(n)

-yne (triple bond) CnH2(n) - 2

Ex: Ethane Prefix – Eth Suffix – ane What do these tell us?

2 Carbons (surrounded by H)Single bonds

Using the formula for alkanes: CnH2(n) + 2 Eth = 2 Carbons C2H6

Draw Ethane:

Try another…… Propane

Using the formula for alkanes: CnH2(n) + 2 Prop = 3 Carbons C3H8

Draw Propane:

One more…… Propene

Using the formula for alkenes: CnH2(n) (One Double Bond!) Prop = 3 Carbons C3H6

Draw Propene: