Bone Markings
-Bone markings can be classified as either a depression, a projection that helps forms joints (articulation), or projections that are sites of muscle and ligament attachment.
*see page 115 Table 5.1 in text book for further reference.
Projections that are sites of muscle and ligament attachment
Tuberosity• Large rounded projection,
may be roughened.– Palpable – Ex. Tibial Tuberosity
Crest• Narrow ridge of bone
usually prominent.– Palpable– Ex. Iliac Crest
Trochanter • Very large, blunt irregular
shaped process.– Palpable – Ex. Greater and lesser
Trochanter of the Femur
Line• Narrow ridge of bone, less
prominent than a crest.– Not Palpable– Intertrochanteric Line
Tubercle• Small rounded projection or process
– Palpable– Ex. Greater and lesser tubercle of the
Humerus
Epicondyle
• Raised area on or above a condyle.
• Is a site of ligament attachment– Palpable– Ex. Medial and Lateral
epicondyle of the Humerus
Spine
• Sharp, slender often pointed projection. – Palpable– Ex. Scapular Spine
Ramus• Arm-like bar of bone
– Palpable– Ex. Mandibular Ramus
Projections that help to form Joints (articulation)
Head• Bony expansion carried on a
narrow neck.– Not palpable in the Femur or
Humerus, but is palpable in the Radius
– Ex. Femoral Head
Facet • Smooth nearly flat articular
surface. – Not Palpable – Ex. Rib Facet ( connects to the
vertebrae)
Condyle• Rounded articular
projection– Palpable– Ex. Femoral condyle
Depressions (allow passage of blood vessels and nerves)
Meatus• Canal-like passage way
– Palpable– Ex. External Auditory Meatus
Sinus• Cavity within a bone filled
with air and lined with mucous membrane. – Not Palpable– Ex. Sinus in Cranium
Fossa
• Shallow basin-like depression in bone, often serving as an articular surface. – Not Palpable– Ex. Glenoid Fossa in Scapula
Groove
• Slit-like furrow– Not Palpable– Ex. Bicipital Groove in
Humerus
Fissure
• Narrow slit-like opening • Allows for blood vessel and
nerve passage. – Not Palpable– Ex. Located in Skull
Foramen
• Round or oval opening through bone. – Not Palpable– Ex. Vertebral Foramen.
Picture Sources • http://redsports.sg/wp-content/uploads/2008/06/tibial-tuberosity.jpg• http://stemcelldoc.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/iliac_crest_model.jpg• http://www.pediatric-orthopedics.com/Topics/Bones/Femur/Upper_Posterior_Lab.j
pg
• http://img.tfd.com/vet/thumbs/gr208.jpg http://www.courses.vcu.edu/DANC291-003/scapula_spine.jpg
• http://www.courses.vcu.edu/DANC291-003/scapula_spine.jpg • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Femur_head.png • http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_15-2o9FAeCE/SATS864PRJI/AAAAAAAAAN0/fcFKrwwO5
2A/s400/rib1.jpg
• http://www.health-res.com/EX/07-28-00/knee_OCD_anatomy01.jpg • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/
Human_skull_lateral_view.jpg • http://www.health.com/health/static/hw/media/medical/hw/n1808.jpg • http://www.chionline.com/anatomy/anat37.gif • http://mial.fas.sfu.ca/Files/BGHumerus.jpg • http://en.wikivisual.com/images/4/4e/Gray_190_-_The_skull_from_the_front.png
http://www.apparelyzed.com/_images/content/spine/vertebrae-spine.jpg
Bibliography
• Marieb, E. N. (2000). Overview of the Skeleton. Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology (pp. 47). Reading: An Imprint of Addison Wesley Longman Inc. .
