Bone Mineral Density Measurements and Risk Factor Assessment for Osteoporosis in

Saudi FemalesPresenter: Jamilah Al-Saedan, Bsc. Pharm

Advisor: Dr. Hisham Abou Auda, PhDCo-Advisor: Maha M Al-Rasheed, Msc. Pharm

Introduction

• Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and micro architectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture.

• Osteoporotic bone changes are initially silent and can progress undetected until a low trauma fraction occurs.

Introduction

• The bones in our skeleton are made of a thick outer shell and a strong inner mesh filled with collagen (protein), calcium salts and other minerals.

• •The inside looks like honeycomb, with blood vessels and bone marrow in the spaces between bone.

Introduction

• Osteoporosis results from an unhealthy imbalance between two normal activities of bone: bone resorption and bone formation.

• •These activities rely on two major types of cells: osteoblasts for bone formation and osteoclasts for bone resorption.

• •These combined processes are referred to as bone remodeling or bone turnover.

Introduction

• Under normal circumstances, bone remodeling should not lead to a net loss of bone.

• Conditions that increase bone resorption or decrease bone formation can cause uncoupling of the remodeling process and lead to bone loss.

Research Question

• Are Bone Mineral Density measurements associated with local cultural risk factors for osteoporosis in healthy Saudi females?

Logistical Procedures

Centers

KSU Malaz PSC Al-Manahil

•Study Design is cross sectional, prospective.

•Participants included 160 healthy Saudi female volunteers from three centers.

Instruments

• 1)Quantitative Ultrasound Device (QUS): SAHARA ultrasound bone densitometer (Hologic, Waltham, USA).

• 2) A scale to measure the weight and height of the entrants.

• 3) Data collection sheet, via a structured interview as a checklist for obtaining the pertinent information.

SAHARA QUS

Exercise Status

Group 1n (%)

Group 2n (%)

Sedentary29(28.7)15(25.4)

Mildly Active

38(37.6)26(44.1)

Moderately Active

25(24.8)10(16)

Very Active

9(8.9)8(13.6)

Total101(100)59(100)

Characteristics of Participants

Participant CharacteristicsExposure to sun (mins/day)

Group 1 (n)

Group 1 (%)

Group 2 (n)

Group 2 (%)

< 159796%5389.8%

15-3033%58.5%

> 3011%11.7%

Total101100%59100%

Participant CharacteristicsReproductiveHistory

Group 1 (n)

Group 1 (%)

Group 2 (n)

Group 2 (%)

Amenorrhea>3month87.9%23.4%

Irregular Menstrual Periods

2726.7%813.6%

Menopause0058.5%

Late menarche (onset>13 yr)

2625.8%2033.9%

Hx of oral contraceptives

98.9%1220.3%

Family Hx of osteoporosis

1716.8%813.6%

Participant CharacteristicsBMD and T-score

Group 1 (Mean)

Group 1 (SD)

Group 2 (Mean)

Group 2 (SD)

BMD0.5690.1230.540.1069

T-Score-0.0771.1-0.350.961

Participant Characteristics

T-ScoreGroup 1 (n)

Group 1 (%)

Group 2 (n)

Group 2 (%)

Normal>17978.2%4169.5%

Osteopenia (-1 to -2.4)

1918.8%1728.8%

Osteoporosis ( >2.5)

11%11.7%

Total101100%59100%