Bones and Skeletal Tissues

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Human Anatomy & PhysiologySEVENTH EDITION

Elaine N. MariebKatja Hoehn

PowerPoint® Lecture Slides prepared by Vince Austin, Bluegrass Technical and Community College

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6Bones and Skeletal Tissues

P A R T A


Bones and Cartilages of the Human Body

Figure 6.1


Classification of Bones Axial skeleton – bones of the

___________________, ___________________, and ___________________

Appendicular skeleton – bones of the upper and lower ___________________, ___________________, and ___________________


Classification of Bones: By Shape ________________bone

s – longer than they are wide

Example: _________________ __________________ __________________

Figure 6.2a


Classification of Bones: By Shape

________________

bones Cube-shaped bones _________________ __________________ __________________

Figure 6.2b


Classification of Bones: By Shape _______________ bones

– thin, flattened, and a bit curved

_________________ __________________ __________________

Figure 6.2c


Classification of Bones: By Shape _______________bones –

bones with complicated shapes

_________________ __________________ __________________

Figure 6.2d


Function of Bones Support – form the framework that

____________________ the body and ____________________ soft organs

Protection – provide a protective case for the ____________________, ____________________, ____________________

Movement – provide ____________________ for muscles


Function of Bones Mineral storage – ____________________ for

minerals, especially ____________________ and ____________________

Blood cell formation – ____________________ occurs within the ____________________ cavities of bones


Bone Textures Compact bone – dense ____________________

that looks smooth and solid to the naked eye Spongy bone – ____________________which

looks like a honeycomb of small pieces –____________________

Spaces between trabeculae filled with ____________________


Structure of Long Bone

Figure 6.3a



Diaphysis: Tubular shaft that forms the axis of long bones Composed of ____________________ bone that

surrounds the ____________________ (marrow) cavity- contains yellow bone marrow (fat)


Structure of Long Bone Epiphyses:

Expanded ends of long bones Exterior- ____________________ bone Interior- ____________________ bone Joint surface is covered with

____________________ (hyaline) cartilage Epiphyseal line separates the diaphysis from the

epiphyses



Figure 6.3



Figure 6.3b



Figure 6.3c


Bone Membranes ____________________– double-layered protective

membrane on external surface of bone Outer fibrous layer - dense regular

____________________ tissue Inner layer- ____________________(“bone-making”)

and ____________________ (“bone-breaking”) Richly supplied with ____________________,

____________________, and lymphatic vessels, that enter the bone via nutrient foramina

Secured to underlying bone by Sharpey’s fibers


Bone Membranes ____________________ – delicate membrane

covering internal surfaces of bone


Structure of Short, Irregular, and Flat Bones Thin plates of _____________________________

compact bone on the outside ____________________ bone (diploë) on the

inside Have no ____________________ or

____________________ Contain bone marrow between the

____________________


Structure of a Flat Bone

Figure 6.4


Location of Hematopoietic Tissue (Red Marrow) In infants

Found in the medullary cavity and all areas of ____________________ bone

In adults Found in the diploë of flat bones, and the head of

the ________________________________ and _____________________________________


Microscopic Structure of Bone: Compact Bone Haversian system (osteon) – the structural unit of

compact bone ___________________________________ –

weight-bearing, column-like matrix tubes composed mainly of collagen

_______________________________________, or central canal – central channel containing blood vessels and nerves


Microscopic Structure of Bone: Compact Bone ____________________ – mature bone cells ____________________ – small cavities in bone

that contain osteocytes


Microscopic Structure of Bone: Compact Bone

Figure 6.6a, b



Figure 6.6a



Figure 6.6b



Figure 6.6c


Chemical Composition of Bone: Organic ____________________– bone-forming cells ____________________ – mature bone cells ____________________ – large cells that resorb

or break down bone matrix ____________________ – ground substance and

collagen fibers


Chemical Composition of Bone: Inorganic Mineral salts

Sixty-five percent of bone by mass Mainly calcium phosphates Responsible for bone ____________________ and

its resistance to ____________________


Bone Development ____________________ __________________ And ____________________________________

– the process of bone tissue formation, which leads to:

The formation of the bony skeleton in embryos Bone growth until early adulthood Bone thickness, remodeling, and repair


Formation of the Bony Skeleton Begins at week 8 of embryo development _____________________________ ossification –

bone develops from a fibrous membrane ____________________ _________ossification –

bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage


Intramembranous Ossification Formation of most of the flat bones of the skull and

the clavicles Fibrous connective tissue membranes are formed

by ____________________ _____________cells

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Bones and Skeletal Tissues

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