BONIFACIO AND THE KATIPUNAN

OBJECTIVES OF THE LECTURE• To trace the founding and purpose of

Katipunan in the face of Philippine history• To appreciate the lives of the founding

fathers of the Philippine revolution• To correct some misconceptions about

Bonifacio• To be able to grasp the ideals and values

that one can learn from the Katipunan

BONIFACIO?• Beggar• Muscle man (Gym tone body)• Illiterate (others say “bobo”)• No military strategy• Hot tempered• Always wanted violence

KATIPUNAN?• It literally means an association which is derived

from the root word “tipon” a word which means gather together• Kataastaasan, Kagalang-galangan Katipunan ng

mga Anak ng Bayan• High and Honorable Society of the Children of the

Nation,• Suprema y Venerable Asociación de los Hijos del

Pueblo

Sampung utos ng mga frayle• Ang mga utos nang Prayle ay sampu:

Ang una: Sambahin mo ang Prayle na lalo sa lahat.

Ang ikalawa: Huwag kang magpapahamak o manumba ng ngalang deretsos.

Ang ikatlo: Manalangin ka sa Prayle Linggo man at piyesta.

• Ang ikapat: Isanla mo ang katauhan mo sa pagpapalibing sa ama't ina,

Ang ikalima: Huwag kang mamamatay kung wala pang salaping panlibing.

Ang ika-anim: Huwag kang makiapid sa kanyang asawa.

• Ang ikapito: Huwag kang makinakaw.

Ang ikawalo: Huwag mo silang pagbibintangan, kahit ka masinungalingan.

Ang ikasiyam: Huwag mong ipagkait ang iyong asawa.Ang ikapulo: Huwag mong itangi ang iyong ari.

• Itong sampong utos ng Prayle'y dalawa ang kinauuwian.

Ang isa: Sambahin mo ang Prayle lalo sa lahat.

Ang ikalawa: Ihain mo naman sa kaniya ang puri mo't kayamanan. Siya nawa.

The Founding of the Katipunan

•On the night of July 7, 1892, when Rizal was exiled to Dapitan in Mindanao, Andrés Bonifacio, Valentin Diaz, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, Deodato Arellano, and a few others, founded the Katipunan in a house in Azcarraga (Claro M. Recto Avenue), near Elcano Street, Tondo.

A house in Azcarraga

After Before

• The men gathered around a flickering table lamp, performed the ancient blood compact, and signed their membership papers with their own blood.

• Any person who wished to join the Katipunan was subjected to certain initiation rites, resembling those of Masonic rites, to test his courage, patriotism, and loyalty. New recruits underwent the initiation rite three at a time so that no member knew more than two other members of the society.

• The neophyte was first blindfolded and then led into a dimly-lighted room with black curtains where his folded cloth was removed from his eyes. An admonition, in Tagalog, was posted at the entrance to the room:

• Kung may lakás at tapang, ìkaw'y makatutuloy!

• Kung ang pag-uusisa ang̃ nagdalá sa iyó dito'y umurong ka.

• Kung di ka marunong pumigil ng̃ iyong masasamang hilig, umurong ka; kailan man ang pintuan ng̃May-kapangyarihan at Kagalanggalang Katipunan ng̃ mg̃á Anak ng̃ Baya'y bubuksan dahil sa iyó.

The Triangle Method

The Katipunan Objectives

• Political• working for the separation of the

Philippines from Spain• Moral• Teaching of good manners, hygiene,

good morals, and attacking obscurantism, religious fanaticism, and weakness of character

• Civic• Principle of self-help and the

defense of the poor and oppressed

The Structure of the Katipunan

• Three Governing Bodies

–Kataastaasang Sanggunian or the Supreme Council

–Sangguniang Bayan or Provincial Council

–Sangguniang Balangay or Popular Council

The Structure of the Katipunan

• Sangguniang Hukuman or Judicial Council -Judicial matters affecting the members of the society were referred to a sort of court.

• It sat as a court of justice to pass judgment on any member who violated the rules of the society

•Mediate between quarrelling brethren or factions.

Kinds of Membership

• First grade (Katipon)password: Anak ng Bayan

• Second grade (Kawal)password: GOMBURZA

• Third grade (Bayani)password: Rizal

The Structure of the Katipunan

• The Katipon could graduate to the Kawal class if he had brought several members into the society, while the Kawal could become a Bayani upon being elected as an officer of the society.

The First Supremo of the Katipunan

DEODATO ARELLANO

FLAGS OF THE KATIPUNANThe first official flag

of the society Bonifacio’s personal flag

General Mariano Llanera’s banner

General Pio del Pilar’s Flag

Flag of the Magdalo Faction

Flag of the Magdiwang faction

Flag with only one “K” at the center. All version had a red background to denote the revolutionary character of the Katipunan

An early version of the Katipunan Flag. It has the 3 Ks arranged in an equilateral traingle

The first official revision of the flag took place after the 1897 Naic conference presided by Aguinaldo.

Gregorio Del Pilar’s Flag. The design was patterned after the flag of Cuba, then in revolt against Spain.

Andres Bonifacio and Emilio Jacinto

Andres D. Bonifacio• Born on November 30, 1863

• He had three brothers and two sisters: Ciriaco, Procopio, Espiridiona, Troadio and Maxima.

• Member of Rizal’s La Liga Filipina

• One of the founders of Katipunan

Andres D. Bonifacio

•He read Rizal’s two novels•Hugo’s Les Miserables• Eugene Sue’s The Wandering Jew• The lives of the Presidents of the United States• International law, the Penal and Civil Codes and book on the French Revolution

Emilio D. Jacinto• “Brains of the Katipunan”• Born in Tondo on December 15,

1875• The son of Mariano Jacinto and

Josefa Dizon• He joined the Katipunan at the age

of 18• He was the trusted friend and

adviser of Bonifacio• He wrote the Kartilla/Kartilya

which embodies the teachings of the katipunan

• He was the editor of the Kalayaan, the newspaper of katipunan• He also wrote • Liwanag at Dilim• Pahayag• Sa mga Kababayan• Ang Kasalanan ni Cain• Pagkatatag ng Pamahalaan sa Hukuman ng Silangan• Samahan ng Bayan sa Pangangalakal

KATIPUNAN’S KARTILYA

“Ang buhay na hindi ginugugol sa isang malaki at banal na kadahilanan ay kahoy na walang lilim, kundi (man) damong makamandag."

(A life that is not dedicated to a noble cause is like a tree without a shade but a poisonous weed.)

"Sa taong may hiya, salita'y panunumpa." (To a [person] of honor, his/her word is a pledge.)

“Huwag mong sayangin ang panahon; ang ya mang nawala'y mangyayaring mag balik; ngunit panahong nagdaan na'y di na muli pang magda daan."

(Don't waste time; lost wealth can be retrireved, but time lost is lost forever.)

"Ang taong matalino'y ang may pag-iingat sa bawat sasabihin; matutong ipaglihim ang dapat ipaglihim."

(The wise man is careful in all he has to say and is discreet about things that need to be kept secret.)

"Ang babae ay huwag mong tingnang isang bagay na libangan lamang, kundi isang katuwang at karamay (ng lalaki) sa mga kahirapan nitong buhay; gamitin mo nang buong pagpipitagan ang kanyang (pisikal na) kahinaan, at alalahanin ang inang pinagbuhatan at nag-iwi sa iyong kasang gulan.”

(Never regard a woman as an object for you to trifle with; rather you should consider her as a partner and helpmate. Give proper considerations to a woman's frailty and never forget that your own mother, who brought you forth and nurtured you from infancy, is herself such a person.)

Teachings of the Katipunan• Jacinto’s Kartilla /Kartilya• A word adopted from the Spanish cartilla • Consisted of “teachings” of the katipunan

• Bonifacio’s Katungkulang Gawain ng mga Z. Ll. B.• Is also considered to be a reference of the

teachings of the katipuneros

ANDRES BONIFACIO, Dekalogo ng Katipunan

• "ANG KASIPAGAN SA PAGHAHANAP BUHAY AY PAGMAMAHAL DIN SA SARILI, SA ASAWA, ANAK AT KAPATID O KABABAYAN."

(Diligence in the work that gives sustenance to thee is the true basis of love -- love for thine own self, for thine wife and children, for thine brothers and countrymen.)

The Women’s Chapter of the Katipunan• It is limited to the wives, daughters, and

sisters of the male members• Its their duty to take in new members; to

see to it that the meetings of the male members were not disturbed by authorities• Acted as a front for the clandestine goings-

on of the Katipuneros.

The Women’s Chapter of the Katipunan

JOSEFA RIZAL PRESIDENT

GREGORIA DE JESUSVICE PRESIDENT

Bonifacio to Oriang

•"In case I fall in battle, re-marry so you will be protected, but choose a man who will have the same love and affection which I have for you."

Ang mga aral ni Oriang1. Igalang at mahalin ang magulang pagka’t ito ang pangalawang Dios sa lupa.

2. Alalahanin tuwina ang mga banal na aral ng mga bayani na nasawi dahil sa pag-ibig sa bayan.

3. Huwag magaksaya ng panahon ng di pamarisan.

4. Pagsikapang magkaroon ng anomang karunungan na tumutugon sa kanyang hilig upang paki-nabangan ng bayan.

5. Ang kabaitan ay alalahaning isang malaking kayamanan.

6. Igalang ang mga gurong nagpapamulat ng isip pagka’t kung utang sa magulang ang pagiging tao ay utang naman sa nagturo ang pagpapakatao.

7. Iligtas ang api sa panganib.

8. Matakot sa kasaysayan pagka’t walang lihim na di nahahayag.

9. Kapag napagingatan ang kasamaan ay doon manggagaling ang malaking karangalan.

10. Sikapin ang ikapagkakaisa ng lahat at ika uunlad ng bayan upang huwag magkaroon ng sagabal ang kasarinlan."

PAG-IBIG SA TINUBUANG LUPA (ANDRES BONIFACIO)

“Aling pag-ibig pa ang hihigit kaya

sa pagkadalisay at pagkadakilaGaya ng pag-ibig sa tinubuang lupa? Aling pag-ibig pa? Wala

na nga, wala.”

FACTIONS OF KATIPUNANin CAVITE

MARIANO ALVAREZMAGDIWANG FACTION

BALDOMERO AGUINALDOMAGDALO FACTION

Some famous members of the Katipunan

Dr. Pio Valenzuela

Rescue attempts of Katipunan on Dr. Jose Rizal in Dapitan and Rizal’s advice to the Katipunan

•Get the support of the wealthy people

•Seek the help of Antonio Luna

Some famous members of the Katipunan

Some famous members of the Katipunan

How the Katipunan discovered?

DISCOVERY OF THE KATIPUNAN• In August 1896, two katipuneros

who were working at Diario De Manila had a quarrel. They are Apolinio Dela Cruz and Teodoro Patiño• Patiño, being a weakling told his

sister Honoria about the existence of a secret society that has an intention of overthrowing the Spanish government in the Philippines

DISCOVERY OF THE KATIPUNAN•Honoria told the same to the Spanish friar Mariano Gil who then reported it to Spanish authorities• The lockers and documents of the Katipunan were then discovered• Several persons were arrested including innocent civilians suspected as members of the organization

DISCOVERY OF THE KATIPUNAN• Although the revolution was pre-

mature, Bonifacio proceeded to fight the Spanirads• He called for a meeting and the

Katipuneros in a symbolic act of disgust tore their cedulas in the so called Cry of Pugadlawin (Hawk’s nest) to show that they separated from Spain• Rebels then started to attack

several places as the start of the revolution

CRY OF BALINTAWAK

GOVERNOR-GENERAL RAMON BLANCO DECLARES MARTIAL LAW

Dr. Jose Rizal said:

“Why independence, if the slaves of today will be the tyrants of tomorrow?”

Dr. Jose Rizal said:

“It is a useless life that is not consecrated to a great ideal. It is like a stone wasted in the field without becoming part of an edifice.”