BOOK NOTESof the

MISSIONARY RESEARCH LIBRARY3041 Broadway, New York, New York 10027

OCTOBER, 1973 Compiled by M. O. Williams, except as noted XXIII, No. 12

I. THEOLOGYOF MISSIONS AND PRINCIPLESOF MISSIONARYOUTREACH

SHAKEN FOUNDATlONS: THEOLOGICALFOUNDATIONS FORMISSION. Peter Beyerhaus. Grand Rapids: Zondervan PublishingHouse. 1972. viii / 195 pp. paper. $1. 95. A solid sta tement of the confessing evangelical Chriatian position against thebackground of modernizing theological trends as exemplified by Bultmann in Germany and by the WeC Uppsala statements.As professor of Missions at the University of Tubingen, he was one of the leaders in developing the "Frankfurt Declaration"which sets forth a theology of mission, "based on the finality of God's revelation, upon his atoning work in Jesus Christ, andupon the validity of Jesus Christ as the unchanging norm of our Christian outreach." He is convinced of the unchangingnature of "the missionary mandate to the Church and the content of its message." In this book, he discusses the error in theWCC statements and related efforts by conciliar missions, sets forth the basis for his convictions, and applies this theology tothe missionary outreach today. A recent visit to Asia demonstrated to him the real need and openness to the sort of missionhe affirms, and he calls for a world-wide fellowship of like-minded Christians. His closing chapter on race shows his abilityto enter the sufferings of the oppressed (he was a missionary in South Africa) and to call the Church to action on their behalf.A significant book. deserving wide study.

THE SECULARWITNESS OF E.V. MATHEW. Introduced by J. R. Chandran. Madras: CLS. 1972. xi / 267 pp. Rs. 10. 00.Another very significant book, eighth in the series, "Confessing the Faith in India, " produced by C.I. S. R.s. E. V. Mathew,1917-1971, was a distinguished Christian lawyer who came to regard "politics and law as God's instrument of redemption, "and who acted out his conviction that dialogue must take place in the context of secular concerns. He also insisted that thechurch was called to take sides with the oppressed in revolutionary struggles, with an acceptance of the costs of polarizationthat might ensue. Some fifty pages tell about him; over two hundred pages are his own writing.

CHOSENAND SENT: CALLINGTHE CHURCH TO MISSION. A. Theodore Eastman, Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1971.144 pp. paper. $2.45. "Here," says Pierce Beaver in the forward, "in the perspective of the Bible and Church history isa clear and convincing statement of the meaning of God's calling and sending his Church into the totality of human society. "This book is commended for its Biblical and theological base with strong emphasis on the work of the Holy Spirit, its clari-fication of the function and style of the Church, its emphasis on wholeness -- in the person, the Church. and the world. Theauthor has very good grasp of the issues and of today's best writing in this field; for twelve years he was an overseas missionexecutive, and is now rector of the Church of the Mediator (Episcopal) in Allentown, Pa,

A WORLDTO WIN. Leslie Lyall. London. Inter-Varsity Press. 1972. 144 pp. paper. t, 0.40. An Inter-Varisty paperback,prepared for individual or group study and discussion, focusing on the world's continuing need for Christ, the "race" that ison with Communism, concerns in mission strategy and approach, new methods of proclamation. The writer is familiarwith world conditions and with theological and mission trends, and this book has much to contribute to the dialogue betweenEvangelicals and WCC-related persons, for he says things that both should heed. This reader, however, did not catch in fulldimension the sharp pain or revolutionary upsurge of the Third World, or the conviction that Christian compassion can meanidentifying with oppressed people in their struggles; thus the writer provided rather wholesale criticism and rejection ofUppsala without full understanding. In the closing section on the means available for meeting the world's need, all with theexception of medical work, relate to the communication of words and pictures, i,e., proclamation. Very good casematerial is presented with each chapter, e. g., problems to ponder in evangelizing or reaching given groups.

CRUCIAL ISSUES IN MISSIONS TOMORROW. Edited by Donald McGavran. Chicago: Moody Press. 1972. 272 pp. $4. 95. Alook ahead strongly favoring proclamation-decision-church-planting as the continuing central thrust in missions. The pro-fessors and mission executives based in America represent well the Evangelical position; they provide more of an in-groupdiscussion of issues rather than dialogue with those who might ditrer on various points. John Mbiti of Uganda speaks out forunderstanding and appreciation for traditional religions in Africa. Peter Beyerhaus provides an excellent chapter on "Mission,Humanization and the Kingdom, " expressing deep concern at the directions he feels the WCC is moving and calling for thecentrality of evangelism in a mission ministry that seeks to "open up new areas of life by witness and service. "

EYEOF THE STORM: THE GREATDEBATEIN MISSION. Edited by Donald McGavran. Waco, Texas: Word Books. 1972. 299 pp.$6.95. Various viewpoints are presented by recognized leaders in response to the key question: What part does the propaga-tion of the gospel properly play in the mission of God today? Issues are defined under these headings: What is evangelism?Are conversion missions outmoded? Church growth and mission strategy. Presence and proclamation as forms of mission.The Uppsala controversy and the Frankfurt Declaration on Missions. The section on church growth is one of the best all arounddiscussions of this topic. Dr. McGavran contributes five chapters, and in each one argues forcefully for his position. Recom-mended for thoughtful reading and group discussion.

THEOLOGICALBATTLEGROUNDIN ASIA AND AFRICA: THE ISSUESFACINGTHE CHURCHESAND THE EFFORTSTOOVERCOMEWESTERNDIVISIONS. G. C. Oosthuizen. London: C. Hurst & ce., 1972. vi / 444 pp. l2.50.A study of great scholarly sweep commended by Gerald H. Anderson in the Foreword, as "a major contribution tohelping break down the walls of western theological provincialism and to encouraging further doctrinal develop-ments in Asia and Africa. As both a source- book and guide, it is an indispensable tool for exploring scholars. "There is a wealth of carefully researched material with documentation clearly indicated. The author believesthat the main emphasis in these churches has been "on message rather than on doctrine. • • on a union thatwould concentrate on a common mission to the world." Believing that theology should be "both relevant andcompetent, " he is convinced that "Africans should describe the truths of the Gospel as they see them" yet herecognizes the "danger in adaptations of the Gospel which give rise to syncretistic interpretations of the faith. "Thus, "the churches of Asia and Africa must stand firmly on the Christian inheritance, " with the insight andexperience of the Universal Church as guide, even if some limiting and directing of doctrinal freedom be in-volved. (pp. 321and 395-6) Dr. Oosthuizen is Professor of Divinity, University College, Durban.

FREEDOMTO BEFREE. Arturo Paoli. Translated by Charles U. Quinn. Maryknoll: Orbis Books. 1973. $7.95.Messages growing out of years of action/ contemplation, pointing to the liberation of the individual and the totalhuman family. Fr. Paoli is an Italian priest in the Congregation of the Little Brothers, serving among the poorin Argentina. He is not writing ~ Latin America, but is seeking to communicate the fullness of the Gospelto Latin Americans and to the Church in that area. For the perceptive reader this book says much about themission of the church, there and throughout the world. His material is strongly Biblical and combines a deeppiety with a vigorous social outreach. He sees man's struggle for political liberation as an arena in which Christis at work and to which Christ calls his followers. He feels deeply, yet is able to maintain good balance, as inhis discussion of Medellin 1968, between critical analysis and appreciation.

A BIBUCALTHEOLOGYOF MISSIONS. George W. Peters. Chicago: Moody Press. 1972. 368 pp. $6.95. An"exposition of the mission intent of God" as expressed through missions, with the author's long experience andstudy much in evidence. Because of the Biblical focus, there are many sections of this book with which personsof various theological viewpoints will find themselves in agreement, yet on basic issues he consistently comesdown on the conservative-evangelical side. It is an individual salvation which he proclaims with too littleattention to the total needs of man in his society: Luke 4: 18, 19 is seen only as a preaching function; there is nomention of Luke 7: 22 (blind see, lame walk, lepers cleansed, etc. as signs of Messiahship); Matthew 25:31-46is listed twice for its imagery about the Last Judgement without mentioning him who was hungry, a stranger,naked, sick, or in prison; there is too little recognition of the Lordship of Christ over all of life. Much is warmand helpful. and this reader hopes dialogue can continue.

THE THEOLOGYOF A. G. HOGG. Eric Sharpe. Madras: CLS. 1971. xiii / 254 pp. Paper. Rs. 9.00. This verysignificant book is the seventh in the series, "Confessing the Faith in India, " produced by the Christian Institutefor the Study of Religion and Society. A. G. Hogg, of missionary parents, taught philosophy and then servedas Principal of Madras Christian College until retirement in 1938after more than thirty years in India. Sharpe'sessay covers one-third of the book, writings from Hogg the remainder. Sharpe, in discussing Hogg's Karmaand Redemption (1909), describes it as "one of the most powerful and original works of Christian Theologyto come out of the missionary enterprise, " In the Preface, M. M. Thomas and T. K. Thomas commendSharpe for his intellectual sensitivity and refer to Hogg as "perhaps the first Western theologian who pointedto a theology of mission which transcends those of Farquhar and Kraemer ••. "

FRONTIERSIN MISSIONSTRATEGY. C. Peter Wagner. Chicago. Moody Press 1971. 223 pp. $4.95. A well-organ-ized and forcefully written setting forth of the church-growth position for the 1970's, This statement, page 134,strikes a responsive chord in many circles: "The mission of the church is to so incarnate itself in the world thatthe gospel of Christ is effectively communicated by word and deed towards the end that men and women becomefaithful disciples of Christ and responsible members of His church." Throughout he maintains clear focus on thisgoal, challenging even Evangelism-in-Depth for its emphasis on activities rather than on persons won for Christ,There are other challenges and helpful guidelines for a strategy in mission, yet this reader felt an inadequategrasp of (1) the significance of the indigenous church -- the mission thrust is described primarily as what mission-aries do; (2) of the importance of services and work for social change as an integral part of a Gospel ministry.His description of the theology and thrust of the "standard denominations" suggests more the political rival deal-ing with an opponent than the brother reaching out for dialogue.

CHURCH/MISSIONTENSIONSTODAY. Edited by C. Peter Wagner. Chicago: Moody Press. 1972. 238 pp. $4.95.Statements by thirteen mission leaders of EFMAand IFMAsetting forth issues and convictions emerging from theirGreen Lake Conference, 1971, the first major consultations of Evangelicals on this theme. There are some differ-ences of viewpoint but consensus on these points: That too little has been done to develop strong, indigenouschurches; that the prime focus must be on evangelism, with the church, as it develops, becoming the major meansfor reaching the unevangelized; that the mission, if the indigenous church does not have such a priority, must avoidgetting bogged down in trying to develop the church; that the mission must be sufficiently independent of the churchto maintain its evangelistic intensity. Helpful examples of church development are given from the experience ofthe Latin American Mission and the Sudan Interior Mission. Let us hope that at the next consultation, leaders fromThird World Churches will have a much more central position than this report shows them having at Green Lake '71.

MISSIONSIN CREATIVETENSION: THE GREENLAKE'71 COMPENDIUM. Edited by Vergil Gerber. Pasadena, Calif:William Carey Library. 1971. 383 pp., plus 64 pp. Appendix. $3.62. Working documents for the Conference

on Church/Misslon Tensions referred to above: Sjudies from a preliminary retreat, with outline of questions;Advance Study papers for delegates; Conference handbook; sampling of early responses, summary of discussiongroup findings; samples of evaluations. The editors are to be commended for drawing together this materialand making it available. It is hoped that persons responsible for mission consultations will make it an im-portant part of their agenda to see that position papers, summaries of discussions, findings and open questionsare drawn together and reproduced in some usable form for those engaged in mission planning and research.

II. THE MISSIONARY

MISSIONARYSERVICEIN ASIA TODAY: A REPORTOFA CONSULTATION. Hong Kong: Asia Methodist AdvisoryCommittee (57 Peking Road, 5/F Kowloon) 1971. ix + 155 pp. Paper. Here is the report and recommenda-tions, together with the defining of issues, background material, papers and addresses, of the consultationheld by the Asia Methodist Advisory Committee in February 1971at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in cooperationwith the Life, Message, Unity Committee of the EACC. There were 110participants from eleven Asiancountries, including 41 Asians and 57 missionaries from US and UK; in the total were 27 women and 18persons under 35. There are many indications of deep searching of heart, together with honesty and forth-rightness in the effort to find ways to "enable the Church in Asia to achieve selfhood and respond freely toGod's call to mission in Christ." Two alternatives were seen: (1) To dismantle the missionary-sendingsystem, with churches free to opt for this way; (2) radically change the system to make it more ecumenicaland to see that the Asian churches have greatly enlarged responsibility for the selection, orientation andpastoral care of missionaries, for determination of salary and support, and for publicity in the sending country.Here is highly significant material for all seriously concerned for mission overseas today.

AMERICANMISSIONARIESIN ClllNA: PAPERSFROMHARVARDSEMINARS. Harvard East Asia Monograph 21.Edited by Kwang-ching Liu, cambridge. Harvard University Press 1970. 310pp. 8 1/2 x 11. Typed andoffset. Paper. A drawing together and reprinting of seven of the most Significant studies on "missionarysubjects" that have appeared in the Harvard "Papers on China" 1950-66 (a total of seventeen are listed).The editor concludes, "The reading of these papers leaves one with increased respect for missionaries. "While there is evidence the "the nineteenth-century mind did not surrender easily, " these papers show break-throughs in acceptance of education and science as valid aspects of Christian mission, in the need for devo-lution, positive response to Chinese nationalism, and genuine concern for the "plight of the rural masses. "For students of libraries that do not have the "Papers on China, " here is a valuable historical collection.

THE MISSIONARIES. Geoffrey Moorhouse. Philadelphia. J. B. Lippincott co., 1973. 368 pp. Illus. Maps.$7. 95. The story of the Christian missionaries in Africa, largely during the 19th century, with someaccount of the period 1900-1920, but with only the 8-page Epilogue bringing the account to the present.The author, former features writer for the Manchester Guardian did most of his research in England with a3-months' trip, covering 5, 000 miles in Africa. His account shows that these missionaries were people oftheir time and culture, inspired by a vision of converting a continent, improving education, health andliving conditions, yet carrying much sense of white superiority and the manifest destiny of their own nations.He sees the Separatist Oturches as a genuine expression of African spirit and marking the probably courseof Chrlstian growth. He was impressed on his trip by the high qualifications and sensitivity of Catholicmissionaries, which he considered on both counts, superior to that of the Protestants.

PRESCRIPTIONFORTODAY'S MISSIONARY. Kenneth Roundhill. London: Marshall, Morgan & Scott. 1972.157pp. paper. 90p. A wise, perceptive and spiritually oriented setting forth of the qualities needed bythe overseas missionary today, with emphasis on call and deep commitment, adaptability and initiative,openness to people and culture, unstinted yet guided service, dying to self, the life of faith and victorythrough the Holy Spirit. In his discussion of Otristianity unity, there is mixed approval and criticism forboth WCC-related and Evangelical efforts. There is lack of emphasis on the missionary's need to under-stand broader social trends and movements with resulting responsibility to decide about his possible in-volvement at appropriate points. For thirteen years Mr. Roundhill was Field Director for the Japan World-wide Evangelistic Crusade, and for nineteen years a staff worker in Japan for Inter-Varsity.

III. CHURCHAND STATE

CHURCHAND POWERIN BRAZIL. Charles Antoine. Translated by Peter Nelson. Maryknoll: Orbis Books.1973. xi / 275 pp. paper. $4. 95. The story of the confrontation and then domination of the CatholicChurch in Brazil by the military regime, March 1964-through October 1969, highly commended byRichard Shaull in the Foreword: "This book was almost overwhelming. The author's careful, thoroughand objective reporting presented a photographic picture which portrayed in a powerful way, the gradualinstitutionalization of repression, the vacillation and eventual failure of the hierachy to stand firmly forits own human values over against that regime, and the fate of those Otristians who dared to speak and actin line with their new social commitments." Dom Helder Camara is in this last group. The writer, aFrench priest, served for five years in a workers' parish in sac Paulo and his stand has led to his exile from

Brazil. An important book, not only for Brazil, but for all threatened by the domination of repressive power.

CROSSAND SWORD: THE POUTICAL ROLEOF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS IN THE BELGIANCONGO, 1908-1960.Marvin D. Markowitz. Stanford: Hoover Irst, Press. 1973. xiv / 223 pp. 8 1/2 x 11, typed and photo-copied. $12. 00. A critical, historical study of church-state relationships, with major attention to Catholicmissions because of their more massive impact. The author indicates that until the 1950's, missionaries,both catholic and Protestant. "were reformers in regards to African tradition and traditionalists in regard tothe colonial situation." Missionaries nurtured the Congolese elite who revolted, but they had failed to pro-vide basis for governing or for national integration. He shows that Cathclics led out more than did Protestants.This reader wonders if more field-work might not have revealed a greater part played by Protestants inpreparing leadership in Katanga as revealed, for example, in the popular elections [ust before Independence.Very good bibliography is provided.

CHURCH AND STATE IN ETHIOPIA 1270-1527. Taddesse 'I'arnrat, Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1972. xv / 327 pp.Maps. Illus, I:.5.50. This study, based on careful historical research, traces the history of ChristianEthiopia from the new dynasty formed in 1270 through some 200 years of strength, expansion and evangeliza-tion, followed then by a period of decline until the conquest of Ethiopia by the Muslim forces led by AhmadGragn. Most material has come from the biographies of the saints and from the royal chronicles. Interestinginsights are provided into the interaction of CIristian, Muslim and pagan peoples, the use of the politicalpower to spread Christian influence, the work of the monastaries and devoted monks in the real evangelismand teaching of the people.