BOOK OF ABSTRACTS · 4th International Conference on Rheology and Modeling of Materials 15 PLENARY...

4th International Conference on Rheology and

Modeling of Materials

Miskolc-Lillafüred, Hungary

October 7-11, 2019

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

Edited by

László A. GÖMZE

ic-rmm4

Copyright C2019 by IGREX Engineering Service Ltd.

Copyright C2019 by IGREX Engineering Service Ltd.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication must be reproduced without a written

permission from the copyright holder.

4th International Conference on Rheology and Modeling of Materials

Book of Abstracts

Miskolc-Lillafüred, Hungary

October 7-11, 2019

Edited by: Prof. Dr. László A. GÖMZE

Citation of abstracts in this volume should be cited as follows:

(2019) . In L.A. Gömze (Editor) 4th International Conference on Rheology

and Modeling of Materials, Miskolc-Lillafüred, Hungary, pp.

ISBN 978-615-6071-00-2

Book of Abstracts 4th International Conference on Rheology and Modeling of Materials

Published in Hungary – Igrex Ltd, Igrici, Hungary

Printed in Hungary – Passzer 2000 Ltd, Miskolc, Hungary,


3

SPONSERED BY

https://www.agoratrans.hu/

www.hotelpalota.hu

http://en.epitoanyag.org.hu/

https://www.agoratrans.hu/http://www.hotelpalota.hu/http://en.epitoanyag.org.hu/


4

ORGANIZED BY

The conference ic-rmm4 is organized by the members of the International Scientific

Advisory Board (ISAB) and the International Organizing Committee (IOC) as well as by

chairs of sessions and symposiums.

THE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD (ISAB)

Prof. Dr. Igor EMRI - University of Ljubljana (Slovenia)

Prof. Arkadii ARINSTEIN - Technion - Israel Institute of Techbology (Israel)

Prof. Dr. Sergei N. KULKOV - Tomsk State University (Russia)

Academician Prof. Valerii KULICHIKHIN - Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia)

Prof. Anil SAIGAL - Tufts University (USA)

Prof. Dr. László A. GÖMZE - University of Miskolc (Hungary)


5

THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE (IOC)

Prof. Dr. Sergei N. KULKOV - Tomsk State University, (Russia)

Dr. Tünde KOVÁCS - University Óbuda, (Hungary)

Dr. Nicky ESHTIAGHI - RMIT University Melbourne (Australia)

Dr. Cristina PAUSELLI - University of Perugia, (Italy)

Prof. Anna KNYAZEVA - Tomsk Polytechnic University, (Russia)

Prof. Evguenia KOROBKO - N. Academy of Science of Belarus, (Belarus)

As. Prof. Ursula WINDBERGER - Medical University of Vienna, (Austria)

Prof. Amirullah MAMEDOV - Bilket University, (Turkey)

Mrs. Emese KUROVICS - University of Miskolc, (Hungary)

Dr. Ludmila N. GÖMZE - IGREX Engineering Service Ltd, (Hungary)

rof. Marek DZIUBINSKI - University of Technology, (Poland)

Prof. Arkedii ARINSTEIN - Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, (Israel)

Dr. Ivica DURETEK - Montanuniversity Leoben, (Austria)

Dr. Ladislav FOJTL - Tomas Bata University, (Czech Republic)

Dr. Laurence NOIREZ - Laboratorie Léon Brilloum Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)

Prof. Mónica NACCACHE - Pontificia Universidade Catolica, (Brazil)

Academician Prof. Valerii KULICHIKHIN - Russian Academy of Science, (Russia)

CHAIR OF THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Prof. Dr. László A. GÖMZE - University of Miskolc, (Hungary) and IGREX Engineering

Service Ltd. (Hungary)


6

SYMPOSIA

SYMPOSIUM 1: Rheology of Soils, Clays, Minerals and Rocks

SYMPOSIUM 2: Rheology of Powders and Granuls

SYMPOSIUM 3: Rheology of Asphalt, Concrete and Construction Materials

SYMPOSIUM 4: Experimental Mechanics and Cracks in Solids

SYMPOSIUM 5: Rheology of Polymers and Melts

SYMPOSIUM 6: Rheology of Micro- and Nanofluids, Colloids and Suspensions

SYMPOSIUM 7: Rheology of Biomaterials and Biological Systems

SYMPOSIUM 8: Rheology of Complex Materials and Composites

SYMPOSIUM 9: Industrial and Applied Rheology

SYMPOSIUM 10: Measurement Methods and Modeling of Materials in Rheology

SYMPOSIUM 11: Non Newtonian Fluid Mechanics and Flow Instabilities

SYMPOSIUM 12: Rheology of Gels, Foams, Emulsions, Creams and Pastes

SYMPOSIUM 13: Earth Rheology and Mantle Rheology

SYMPOSIUM 14: Posters

SYMPOSIUM 15: Short Orals

SYMPOSIUM 16: Miscellaneous. - Other Results in Research, Developmentand

Application of Rheology

SYMPOSIUM 17: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation


7

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the name of ic-rmm4 Conference Boards I would like acknowledge and say many thanks to all member societies of The International Committee on Rheology (ICR) who supported us in the orgonazing work. I would like also say many thanks to our sponsors and the following organizations: IGREX Engineering Service Ltd, (Hungary) ME – Miskolci Egyetem - University of Miskolc, (Hungary) RAS – Russian Academy of Science - Institute of Strength Physics and Materials

Science (Russia) TBU - Tomas Bata University in Zlín (Czech Republic) TSU - Tomsk State University, (Russia) Many thanks to colleagues of ISAB, IOC and to chairs of the SYMPOSIA for their support and help in organization work and in successful transaction of conference ic-rmm4 the 4th International Conference on Rheology and Modeling of Materials. Miskolc, 2019 August

Prof. Dr. László A. Gömze

chair, ic-rmm4 conference


8

CONTENTS

PLENARY LECTURES 10

KEYNOTE LECTURES 20

ORAL PRESENTATIONS 32

SHORT ORALS 49

POSTER PRESENTATIONS 63


9


10

PLENARY LECTURES


11


12

PLENARY 1.

Rheology of Polymer Solutions and Their Processing to Fibers and Films

Valery KULICHIKHIN

[email protected]

Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences 119991 Moscow, RUSSIA

There exist some features of polymer solutions composition and specific behavior in rheological

testing and processing. They are at least bicomponent systems the definite level of interaction

between polymer and solvent. This interaction is varied from dispersive interaction (traditional

salvation) to strong electrostatic or donor-acceptor binding. In some cases, it is possible to describe a

character of interaction by Flory-Huggins parameter that plays a role of the main thermodynamic

characteristics at plotting the phase diagrams of polymer solvent pair. There are three typical kinds of

the phase diagrams: amorphous, crystalline and liquid-crystalline, and their superpositions. The

rheological characteristics are different in each phase state, and in some cases, they could be used

as criteria in recognition of the phase state.

Coming to films and fibers spinning it should be indicated that the most popular methods are (so-

called) dry (or solvent casting for preparing films), wet, when liquid coagulant uses for the phase

separation and isolation of polymer product as well as dry-wet jet, when solution jet passed through

the air gap before coagulant. The phase state of wet spinning fibers has to be described by the

ternary phase diagram (polymer-solvent-coagulant). Rheological properties of the material under

preparation change drastically along the way of spinning, that is why some new approaches to their

estimation are considered in this presentation.

Rheological method is neither structural and nor thermodynamic, but very often some features of the

flow curves or strain and frequency dependences of the complex modulus of elasticity components

may indicate on some structural features of the systems under investigation. In addition, the intensive

strain action, especially at high shear or extension rates could cause the change of the phase state of

the polymer solutions. It may be shift of the binodal or liquidus lines or even induce the phase

separation. The last case of such influence gave us chance to develop the new method, named

mechanotropic spinning. It consists in phase separation of the solution jet on polymer and solvent

phases under action of strong extension flow. Due to fast diffusion of the solvent molecules onto

periphery of extended jet the core transforms to the solid oriented fiber. This method allowed us to

spin fibers from different polymers, such as polyacrilonitrile (PAN), polyvinylalcohol, cellulose

derivatives and others. This approach is the most interesting for spinning PAN precursors of the

carbon fibers, because removing coagulation stage leads to preparing fibers without any signs of the

sheath-core structure, i.e. with perfect morphology.

In conclusion, some examples of the laboratory equipment including stands for fiber spinning and

their description will be considered.

mailto:[email protected]


13

PLENARY 2.

Rheology of Hydraulic Lime Grouts for Conservation of Stone Masonry

Luis G. Baltazar1,2, Fernando M.A. Henriques1, Maria Teresa Cidade2

[email protected]

1Dpto Engenharia Civil, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, PORTUGAL.

2Dpto Ciência dos Materiais e Cenimat/I3N, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, PORTUGAL

Stone masonries represent a large portion of the construction area in many urban centers across

Europe. However, stone masonry has particular weaknesses which, associated with the absence of

maintenance, increase the vulnerability of its structural integrity. The performance of old stone

masonry walls relies on their monolithic behaviour rather than on the mechanical properties of its

individual elements. This means that the good condition of the connections between elements is

essential towards good mechanical performance. Grout injection or grouting is one consolidation

technique that allows an increase in masonry compactness and to improve the masonry integrity by

bonding the separated elements together, which also increases the masonry’s load bearing capacity

to vertical loads and horizontal actions. Grouts are concentrated suspensions that can be seen as

mixtures of binder and admixtures with water. To ensure an adequate flow of the grout inside the

masonry, it is essential to assure good fresh grout properties. For that purpose, controlling the

rheological properties of grouts is crucial for successfully grouting process.

An extensive experimental program, insert in a research project involving the Civil Engineerinmelg

Department and the Materials Science Department at Faculty of Sciences and Technology, NOVA

University of Lisbon, was carried out to improve the knowledge over hydraulic grouts. The research

project aim was to optimize the performance of hydraulic lime-based grouts for injection and

consolidation of old stone masonry walls. This presentation will review the main progress made on

this topic and has been organized in four research stages. In the first stage, focus on the optimization

of grout composition and injection capacity were carried out, in which the combined effect of

admixtures such as superplasticizer, silica fume and fly ash and water dosage was studied. To

improve the knowledge about the physical mechanisms that take place during injection and to

determine the penetration of the grout in the masonry, reproducible masonry samples were tested at

different environmental temperatures.

In the second stage a comparison between the numerical simulation and experimental results of

flow tests (usually measured in the field such as Marsh cone and slump test) was made. Numerical

models were developed with the main purpose of predict and control the rheological properties of

grouts just performing simple flow tests traditionally used in the field. Furthermore, the proposed

models can be very useful to smooth the grout design methodology, since these models enable the

prediction of rheological properties of the grout without the need for expensive equipment.



14

Grouts are complex materials and a complete understanding of the structural behaviour on the

macro scale requires a detailed understanding of the material behaviour on the nano and micro

scales. To do so, a detailed study on grouts proportioned with nano-silica and hydrophobic silica fume

was carried out in the third stage.

Following the recent trends in the development of ecofriendly binders to reduce environmental

pollution and the dependence on traditional binders, the goal of the fourth stage was to develop an

injection grout based on geopolymer. Geopolymers is a new type of binder with three-dimensional

network structure which is prepared from silica-alumina components together with an alkaline

activator. The effects of replacement of natural hydraulic lime by the fly ash-based geopolymer on the

grouts’ rheological performance are discussed.


15

PLENARY 3.

Rheological Properties of Polymer Solutions and Melts for Membrane Fabrication

U.A. Handge1, Lara Grünig1, O. Gronwald,2 M. Weber,2 B. Hankiewicz,3 M. Schulze1,

V. Abetz1,3 1 [email protected] 1 [email protected] 1 [email protected]

2 [email protected] 2 [email protected] 3 [email protected]

1Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Polymer Research, Max-Planck-Strasse 1,

21502 Geesthacht, GERMANY 2BASF SE, Advanced Materials & Systems, Performance Polymer Blends &

Membranes RAP/OUB, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, GERMANY 3University of Hamburg, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6,

20146 Hamburg, GERMANY Liquid and gas phase separation processes efficiently contribute to a sustainable use of energy and

materials. Porous polymer membranes can be applied in a wide range of filtration tasks. For example,

ultrafiltration membranes are used for wastewater treatment. Currently, intensive efforts are

undertaken to optimise the fabrication of polymer membranes and the complete separation process,

e.g., in order to reduce membrane fouling.

Different methods can be applied for preparation of polymer membranes. Technologically, non-

solvent induced phase separation is used for membrane fabrication based on polymer solutions. The

composition of the solution strongly affects its rheological properties. In this lecture, the influence of

composition of the solution on the processing properties during hollow fiber spinning is discussed [1].

In particular, the appearance of pronounced elastic properties which is associated with the existence

of a miscibility gap is presented for a solution which is intended for fabrication of high-performance

membranes with an enhanced resistance against fouling. Furthermore, it is shown that the rheological

data are in agreement with results of dynamic light scattering experiments.

The second part of the lecture is devoted to the preparation of polymer foams. Open-celled polymer

foams can be used for filtration purposes. In this work, we focus on block copolymer foams [2]. Block

copolymer melts in the microphase-separated state are associated with pronounced strain-softening

in extensional flows. Strain-softening favours rupture of cell walls during foaming and consequently

the preparation of open-celled foams. It is shown that the combination of the physical blowing agents

carbon dioxide and water can be used to prepare open-celled block copolymer foams [3].

Keywords: Polymer membranes, Polymer foams, Polymer rheology Acknowledgement The financial support of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF project MABMEM,

grant no. 03XP0043E) is gratefully acknowledged.

References [1] U.A. Handge, O. Gronwald, M. Weber, B. Hankiewicz, V. Abetz (submitted). [2] M. Schulze, U.A. Handge, S. Rangou, J. Lillepärg, V. Abetz. Polymer, 2015, 70: 88. [3] M. Schulze, U.A. Handge, V. Abetz. Polymer, 2017, 108: 400.

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


16

PLENARY 4.

Flow of non-Newtonian fluids through and over a porous medium: A rheological approach

Mario Minale

Dept. of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, ITALY

Multiphase fluids and highly non-Newtonian fluids often show wall slip. A common approach to

prevent or alleviate wall slip in rotational rheometry is to utilize roughened geometries. While this is a

helpful strategy, the presence of the roughness introduces in itself an apparent wall slip due to the

flow within the porous layer. This brings in the modelling a fundamentally different boundary condition.

We show that the fluid flows within the roughened layer and that the flow in the gap of the rheometer

can be modelled as a flow over and through a porous medium. Stokes’ equation, governing the flow

over the rough layer, and Brinkman’s equation, governing the flow within the porous layer, can be

coupled at the interface through a suitable stress boundary condition recently developed in the

literature [1]. The new boundary condition states that the stress is transferred both to the fluid within

the porous medium and to the solid skeleton. A zero-stress jump is obtained so that the total stress is

preserved at the interface. The boundary condition is obtained with the volume averaging method

following the approach of Ochoa-Tapia and Whitaker [2].

In the present work we investigate the use of rough surfaces in rheometry, starting with simple

Newtonian fluids. Both structured and randomly structured surfaces are used, i.e. a cross-hatched

plate and a sandpaper disc, respectively. To account for wall slip typically rheological measurements

must be run at several gaps in a plate-plate device. We here show tha the agreement between data

and predictions is very satisfactory. Thus, with Newtonian fluids the apparent wall slip can be

conveniently accounted for in the measurements at a single gap since it can be accurately predicted

using the developed models describing the flow of Newtonian fluids through and over porous media.

Here, we also extend this approach to viscoelastic fluids by using Minale’s model [3, 4] for the flow of

Second Order Fluids (SOF) through and over a porous medium. Minale modified both Brinkman’s

equation and the stress boundary condition at the interface between the free fluid and the porous

medium to account for fluid viscoelasticity. From the experimental point of view, two Boger fluids are

here used as model SOF fluids, and three different rough geometries are considered: Two

commercial cross-hatched plates and a home-made pillared one. In agreement with a general

theoretical prediction, the apparent wall slip is shown to be reduced by the viscoelasticity. Moreover,

the agreement between data ant predictions results to be excellent.

References [1] M. Minale, Momentum transfer within a porous medium. II. Stress boundary condition, Phys. Fluids, 26

(2014) 123102. [2] J.A. Ochoa-Tapia, S. Whitaker, Momentum transfer at the boundary between a porous medium and a

homogeneous fluid--I. Theoretical development, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 38 (1995) 2635-2646. [3] M. Minale, Modelling the flow of a second order fluid through and over a porous medium using the volume

averages. II. The stress boundary condition, Phys. Fluids, 28 (2016) 023103.

[4] M. Minale, Modelling the flow of a second order fluid through and over a porous medium using the volume averages. I. The generalized Brinkman’s equation, Phys. Fluids, 28 (2016) 023102.


17

PLENARY 5.

Yield Stress Fluids in the Oil Industry

Mônica F. NACCACHE [email protected]

Department of Mechanical Engineering Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL

Yield stress fluids have a complex mechanical behavior. The main characteristic of these fluids is

that below a critical threshold stress, the so-called yield stress, they present a solid-like behavior, and

above this yield stress they present a liquid-like behavior. Moreover, elasticity and thixotropy can

appear and play an important role close to the yield stress. These fluids are present in several

processes in a large number of industries, from the oil to pharmaceutical or cosmetics industries. The

knowledge of fluid mechanical behavior is necessary to understand and optimize these processes.

Moreover, it is important to analyze the flow characteristics as a function of the governing parameters.

Examples of fluids rheological characterization, and flow simulation in different processes in the oil

industry are presented and discussed. The examples shown include: the displacement flow in drilling

and cementation process; the rheological characterization and stability of drilling fluids; experimental

and numerical analysis of cement plug process for oil well abandonment; bubble displacement in

cementing operations; hydrates slurries rheology.



18

PLENARY 6.

Melt Rheology as Foundation for Mechanics of Polymers in both Liquid and Solid States

Shi-Qing Wang

College of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA

This talk presents an overview of the latest understanding on nonlinear rheology of entangled

polymer melts1 and its role to guide the formulation of molecular mechanics of solid (glassy and

semicrystalline) polymers. We will describe the coherent and unifying experimental foundation for all

aspects of polymer rheology in terms of intriguing observations, theoretical implications and

contradictions to many results in the literature. The re-established knowledge is shown to enable us

to explore the processing-structure-property relation from upstream (melt rheology) to the

downstream (solidification) and end use (mechanical performance) of thermoplastics.


19


20

KEYNOTE LECTURES


21


22

KEYNOTE 1.

The Self-Ordering in a Mixture of Two Oppositely Charged Polyelectrolytes

Arkadii Arinstein

[email protected]

Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000, ISRAEL

Self-ordering in the system consisting of two oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, is discussed. It is

well known that in the case of strongly charged polyelectrolytes, the electrostatic interaction of

oppositely charged macromolecules results in formation of neutral complexes (ladders or scrambled-

eggs) which are not connected each other. However, if the ionization level of the one of these

polyelectrolytes is enough low (whereas the other one remains strongly charged), only charged

monomers of the weakly charged polymer will form the coupled pairs with the oppositely charged

monomers of strong polyelectrolyte. In such a case, the macromolecules of the weakly charged

polymer can form reversible bonds with different macromolecules of strongly charged polyelectrolyte,

playing a role of tie molecules. As a result, a percolated macromolecular network arises. Note that this

network can be formed even at low polymer concentrations which correspond, in the case of neutral

polymers, to dilute solutions.

The above macromolecular network was analyzed in the 2D-case with the help of a relative simple

model of a regular lattice consisting of identical quantity of two types of springs having different

elasticities and equilibrium lengths. It turned out that the system in question can demonstrate an

orientational self-ordering when most springs of the one type will be orientated along one direction (for

example, along x-axis), whereas most springs of other type will be orientated along other direction

(along y-axis). The reorganization of the disordered system into the ordered one (and back) occurs,

for example, under variation of the ionization level of weakly charged polymer by variation in the

system pH. This system cross-over can occur as a phase transition both of the first and second kind

depending on the system parameter values.



23

KEYNOTE 2.

On the Interest of Piezorheology to Reveal the Mechanical Properties of Soft Solids

Dominique Collin

Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047,

67034 Strasbourg Cedex2, FRANCE

In the design and development of soft solids with functional properties, the knowledge of the

mechanical strength is essential. This parameter is generally measured with conventional rheology

devices. In some cases, this mechanical strength cannot be measured using such rheometers: when

the sample is anisotropic with a mechanical strength depending on the shear direction applied, when

the surface of the sample is irregular in shape or when the available amount of product is too small.

For such samples, the mechanical properties can be determined with an unusual, home-made shear

rheometer, called “piezorheometer”. It is a strain applied rheometer, of the plane-plane type, where

piezoelectric elements vibrate in translation mode to shear the sample and measured the strain

transmitted through it. This device is entirely electrical unlike conventional rheometers. It allows

measurements up to very high frequencies (a few kHz), out of reach from conventional rheometer,

and requires only small amount of compound for a rheology experience (sample size: thickness < 50

µm and surface


24

KEYNOTE 3.

Melt Compounding of Cellulose Based Polymer Nanocomposites: main issues to overcome

Nadia El Kissi1 and Alain Dufresne2

[email protected]

1Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LRP, F-38000 Grenoble, FRANCE CNRS, LRP, F-38000 Grenoble, FRANCE

2Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, FRANCE CNRS, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, FRANCE

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are biosourced fillers that, added to polymer matrices, allow a

significant improvement in their mechanical properties. For this, it is necessary to have a

homogeneous dispersion of the CNCs. If this is easy by casting-evaporation processes, obtaining

such a dispersion by industrial processes offers one of the interesting challenges of recent years.

Though, despite numerous studies on CNCs, there is currently no satisfactory method for mapping

CNCs within a polymer matrix.

This study focused on some aspects of the preparation of polymer nanocomposites based on

cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). Different approaches were explored, including melt processing. Always

aiming to use accessible and inexpensive preparation techniques, the priority was to use simple

methodologies according to the particularities of different polymers.

Main issues to overcome for an efficient melt processing of CNC reinforced polymer

nanocomposites are: Irreversible aggregation of nanofiller upon drying prior to melt processing; non-

uniform dispersion within the polymer melt, thermal stability, structural integrity and orientation.

Different ways were investigated to understand, characterize and pass the restrictions. To do so,

thermal, rheological and mechanical properties of these new materials were studied. The obtained

results were compared to available data and supported by a broad literature review.

Some strategies allow in fact the homogeneous dispersion of the nanoparticles within the polymeric

matrix and their thermal protection during processing. However, poor mechanical properties, far from

expectations and from what is observed for wet-processed nanocomposites, are obtained. The main

problem being related to difficulties in forming a percolating nanoparticle network during melt

processing. The different potential solutions will be described and analyzed.

Acknowledgement The authors acknowledge the financial support from Institut Carnot PolyNat (ANR N° 16-CARN-025-01)

References De Menezes A.J, Siqueira G, Curvelo A.A.S, Dufresne A. Polymer 2009, 50, 4552–4563 Bendahou A, Kaddami H, Dufresne A. Eur. Polym. J. 2010, 46, 609. Mariana Pereda M, El Kissi N, Dufresne A. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014, 6, 9365−9375. Lewandowska A.E, Eichhorn S.J. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 2016, 11, 1337-1342.



25

KEYNOTE 4.

Porous Ceramics as Mechanical Metamaterial: Structure, Properties and Fractal Characteristics

Sergei KULKOV

[email protected]

Tomsk State University and Institute of Strength Physics and Material Sciences RAS RUSSIA

It has been studied porous ceramics sintered using nano-powders obtained by plasma spray

technique. The porosity of ceramic was up to 75 %. It has been shown that structure of the sintered

ceramic has a system of cell and rod elements. These structures formed by stacking hollow powder

particles. There were three types of pores in ceramics: large cellular hollow spaces, small interparticle

pores which are not filled with powder particles and the smallest pores in the shells of cells. The cells

generally did not have regular shapes.

The size of the interior of the cells many times exceeded the thickness of the walls which was a

single-layer packing grain. The increase of the pore space in the ceramics was accompanied by the

decrease of the average size of voids inside the cells and the average grain size.

The fractal dimension Df of the surface of porous ceramic materials has been determined. The

dependence of Df on the total porous volume space exhibits two critical points, which reflects a

change in the porosity character which changes from isolated pores to connected pore clusters and to

very large pores with smooth boundaries. This behavior reveals a correlation between the fractal

dimension and some well-known features in the properties of porous solid. It has been shown a

correlation between porosity and CDD sizes this is due to a percolation threshold in a system.

It has been studied a percularities of strain behaviour for these porous materials: the stress-strain

diagrams for ceramics with porosity higher than 20 % are non-liner. It has been found a micro-

mechanical instubility of cell-like and rod-like structures: there are critical value of porosity after which

material are divided on two sub-systems with different stress-strain macro-behavior and very high

macro strain of porous solid in elastic region due to instubility deformation of micro-elements. Such

properties of brittle ceramic correspond to macro-metamaterial.



26

KEYNOTE 5.

A New Formulation of the Time-Temperature Equivalent Principle for the Description of Thermo-rheologically Complex Behaviour

L. Qiao*1, U. Herbrich*2, S. Nagelschmidt*3, C. Keller*4

1 [email protected] , 2 [email protected] , 3 [email protected] , 4 [email protected]

*Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), 12200 Berlin, GERMANY

For temperature accelerated processes under isothermal conditions, the time-temperature

superposition principle (TTS) is often used to describe certain time- and temperature-depended

processes, for example, creep rupture or relaxation of materials. The mathematical form of the TTS is

defined as 𝑓(𝜏, 𝜗) = 𝑓0(�̂�; 𝜗0) . Here, the time 𝜏 and the absolute temperature 𝜗 are independent

variables and the master time �̂� is related to 𝜏 by a temperature-dependent scale factor 𝛼(𝜗) with �̂� =

𝛼(𝜗)𝜏 respectively shift factor ln(𝛼(𝜗)) with 𝑙𝑛(�̂�) = 𝑙𝑛(𝛼(𝜗)) + 𝑙𝑛(𝜏). Furthermore, the parameter 𝜗0

is an arbitrarily chosen reference temperature. The function of two variables 𝑓(𝜏, 𝜗) defines a rule that

assigns to each incoming pair of time 𝜏 and temperature 𝜗 a uniquely defined value for a state

variable and is represented graphically by a surface. Mathematically, this function can be projected to

a function 𝑓0(�̂�; 𝜗0) of one variable �̂� and can be represented as a curve by the so-called master

function. If a material or process behaviour can be simplified and described with such an approach, it

is referred to as thermo-rheologically simple behaviour. Otherwise, it is referred to as thermo-

rheologically complex behaviour, which is often described with the time-temperature equivalent

principle (TTE). Typical well-known representatives for the TTE are parametric relationships

formulated by Orr-Sherby-Dorn, Larson-Miller, Manson-Haferd, Manson-Succop and the more

general Mendelson-Roberts-Manson.

In this work, a new formulation of the TTE is defined as 𝑓(𝜏, 𝜗) = 𝑓0(�̃�; 𝜗0), where the master time �̃�

is related to the time 𝜏 by a temperature-dependent scale factor 𝛼(𝜗) as well as a temperature-

dependent form factor 𝛽(𝜗) with �̃� = 𝛼(𝜗)𝜏𝛽(𝜗) respectively shift factor ln(𝛼(𝜗)) as well as rotation

factor 𝛽(𝜗) with 𝑙𝑛(�̃�) = 𝑙𝑛(𝛼(𝜗)) + 𝛽(𝜗) 𝑙𝑛(𝜏) . The mathematical expression �̃� = 𝛼(𝜗)𝜏𝛽(𝜗) we call

power-law time-temperature equivalent formulation and it is shown that most of the TTE formulations

known from the literature, e.g. the ones mentioned above, are special cases that can be derived from

this more general formulation. The new formulation of the TTE is not limited to the use of the

Arrhenius relation. In fact, it allows the application of different modified Arrhenius relations. Another

advantage is the physical meaning of the master time �̃� as a time compared to non-physical

parameters of other formulations of the TTE (e.g. the Larson-Miller parameter). Applications will show

quantitative results in comparison.

Keywords: Time-temperature superposition/equivalent principle, thermo-rheologically

simple/complex behaviour, scale/shift factor, form/rotation factor.

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


27

KEYNOTE 6. Formation of Phase-Chemical Composition at Synthesis of Materials is a Basis

of their Rheological Properties

Alexander Slobodov1,2, Andrey Evdokimov3, Alexander Uspensky1, Alexey Krasikov2, Mikhail Radin2, Alexey Mischenko1,2, Vladimir Sibirtsev1,2, Iulia Vorozhtsova1

[email protected]

1ITMO University, St. Petersburg, 197101 RUSSIA 2Institute of Technology, St. Petersburg, 190013 RUSSIA

3University of Technology and Design, St. Petersburg, 191186 RUSSIA Rheological properties of materials are defined by phase-chemical composition and properties,

formed under synthesis. So let’s considered equilibrium state of arbitrary, with phase and chemical

transformations, m-component system - in conditions of isolation (constancy) on one or another, set

of its state variables, unequivocally determining this condition. It’s shown that the state is described by

one of interconnected (with Legendre conversions, i.e., actually, equivalent among themselves)

problems of conditional extreme (minimum) for corresponding (to these variables) characteristic

thermodynamic function of the system: internal energy U - at a constancy of system’ general

analytical composition yo, volume V, entropy S; Gibbs energy G - constancy for yo, temperature T,

pressure P; etc.

All of them are reduced to minimization, instead of characteristic, corresponding LaGrange functions

L, that has allowed all conditions of isolation to exclude from explicit consideration and to keep only

“natural restrictions” (non-negativity of quantities for each of components). And these problems, in

turn, are reduced to equations and inequalities systems, common (independent on minimized

function) “kernel” of which - determined only by internal state variables (i.e. phase-chemical

composition) of the system – is a subsystem (relative only to composition variables {𝑦𝑖(𝑘)

=, … , 𝑦𝑛(𝑘)

=},

k = 1..r) of form:

=

=m

j

jij

k

i a1

)( ,

(i,k) I0 : 𝑦𝑖(𝑘)

>0 (1)

=

m

j

jij

k

i a1

)( ,

(i,k) I0 : 𝑦𝑖(𝑘)

=0 (2)

= =

=r

k

n

i

o

j

k

iij yya1 1

)(

j = 1..m (3)

where: r – a number of possible phases; n – a number of the different chemical forms of a system,

which are determined on m source components by means of stoichiometric matrix {a ij}; I0 - required

set of system’ phase-chemical forms realized (among all possible ones) in equilibrium.



28

These relationships express properly conditions of isolation on composition (material balance (MB))

– of type (3), and corresponding to them differential conditions (1), (2) of minimum L (generalized law

of acting masses (LAM)). It’s shown, that the specificity of different (on external state variables - S, V,

P, etc.) problems can be taken into account without reduction of consideration’ generality - directly in

(1)-(3).Proposed methodology of iterative solution for this system is based on solution of two

subproblems of (1)-(3).

They are “phase” (determination of qualitative composition of I0) and “chemical” (quantitative account

of I0 composition) ones. The first subproblem is defined by inequalities in (1), (2), second one - by

equations: (3) and in (1), (2). General criterion, “manager” of iterative process, is the condition of

“descent” (decreasing) for function L. Procedures are offered, which realize each of the problem’

stages and the phase-chemical problem as a whole. Their efficiency and correctness are illustrated by

results received for a row of inorganic and water-inorganic systems with different nature. As a result

are defined correlations between rheological and phase-chemical characteristics of different functional

materials (glasses, polymers, composites, etc.).


29

KEYNOTE 7.

Known Drugs as Factors of Rheology of Liquid, Thick and Dried Blood

Alexandr Urakov1,2

[email protected]

1Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Izhevsk 416054, RUSSIA 2 Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural branch of RAS, Izhevsk 426034, RUSSIA

Pharmaceutical companies still produce solutions for injection based on their introduction into the

blood only at a patient's body temperature of about +37°C and ambient temperature +24 - +26°C.

However, sometimes you have to use conventional drugs at an unusual external, General and local

temperature. At the same time, modern medical standards do not contain information about the

dynamics of blood rheology at different body temperatures of people, both before and after

intravenous injections of drug solutions with different temperatures. There is no information about the

dynamics of rheology of solutions of drugs themselves inside systems designed for intravenous

injections, especially at temperatures below +24 – +26°C, which is typical for Northern latitudes. At

the same time, known systems for intravenous injections, known plasma-substituting liquids and

some known solutions for injections can not be used at a temperature below +10°C, since they

change their elasticity very significantly.

The aim of the work is to study the dynamics of blood rheology before and after direct interaction

with known solutions of drugs at different local temperatures. To achieve this goal, the analysis of

patent and scientific literature, as well as the results of their own research. In the laboratory, the

dynamics of the viscosity of donor blood and solutions of known drugs before and after mixing at

different temperatures was studied in intravenous infusion systems.

The results show that the viscosity of blood and the viscosity of solutions of some known drugs

varies with changes in their temperature, as well as with their interaction. Thus, lowering the local

temperature below +24°C most significantly increases blood viscosity, plasma viscosity and colloidal

fluids, as well as greatly decreases the elasticity of plastic tubes, which consist of systems for

intravenous injections, and greatly decreases the elasticity of intravascular catheters. It is shown that

all modern systems for intravenous injections, all modern intravascular catheters anв some modern

solutions for injections are not adapted for use at temperatures below +15°C. On the other hand, at

intravenous administration one part of the solutions for intravenous injections increases blood

viscosity, and the other part of the solutions for injections reduces blood viscosity. However, the final

result of the interaction is not always unidirectional, because it often depends on the temperature

regime, as well as on the osmotic activity and on the effect on the volume of red blood cells. Solutions

of drugs that most significantly reduce and increase blood viscosity at a certain temperature were

found. Indicated drugs suitable for intravenous injections in the cold conditions and invented a system

for intravenous injections in the frosty weather.

Keywords: rheology, blood, drugs, solutions for injection.



30

KEYNOTE 8.

Rheological Principles of Development Self-healing Ceramic Based Composites for Armor Shells

László A. Gömze1,2 and Ludmila N. Gömze2

[email protected] and [email protected]

1University of Miskolc, Institute of Ceramics and Polymer Engineering; Miskolc, HUNGARY 2IGREX Engineering Service Ltd, Igrici; HUNGARY

The materials have different modules of elasticity and melting temperatures depending on their

chemical compositions, morphological and crystalline structures [1-3]. Because of these the

composite materials from components of different melting temperatures and modules of elasticity

have better ability to absorb and dissipate kinetic energy under high speed collisions. Applying the

rheo-mechanical principles the authors first have developed new corundum-matrix composite

materials reinforced with Si2ON2, Si3N4, SiAlON and AlN submicron and nanoparticles [4-5], and after

impregnated with light metal alloys. During the high energy collisions, the phase transformation of

submicron and nanoparticles of alpha and beta silicone-nitride crystals into diamond-like cubic c-

Si3N4 particles [4, 6] were observed.

Based on the rheological principles the authors successfully developed a new generation of hetero-

modulus, hetero-viscous and hetero-plastic complex materials with extreme dynamic strength. These

new composite materials generally are based on traditional ceramic matrixes like Al2O3x2SiO2, Al2O3,

Si3N4, SiC, and non-ceramic components with different melting temperatures and modules of

elasticity of light metals like Mg, Al, Si, Ti… During and after the high speed (high energy) collisions

these light metals are making these complex composites to self-healing.

Analytical methods applied in this research were scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractions

and energy dispersive spectrometry. Digital image analysis was applied to microscopy results to

enhance the results of transformations.

References

[1] László A Gömze et al 2018 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1045 012001 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1045/1/012001

[2] László A. Gömze and Emese Kurovics 2018 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1045 012011 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1045/1/012011

[3] L A Gömze and L N Gömze 2017 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 175 012001 https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/175/1/012001

[4] L. A. Gömze and L. N. Gömze 2009 Alumina-based hetero-modulus ceramic composites with extreme dynamic strength – phase transformation of Si3N4 during high speed collisions with metallic bodies, Építőanyag 61 38 http://dx.doi.org/10.14382/epitoanyag-jsbcm.2009.7

[5] L. A. Gömze and L. N. Gömze 2011 Hetero-modulus alumina matrix nanoceramics and CMCs with extreme dynamic strength http://iopscience.iop.org/1757-899X/18/8/082001

[6] V.V. Yakushev, A. V. Utkin and A. N. Zhukov 2009 Proceeding of Int. Conf. XI Kharinton’s Readings, Extreme States of Substance, pp. 204

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1045/1/012001https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1045/1/012011https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/175/1/012001http://dx.doi.org/10.14382/epitoanyag-jsbcm.2009.7http://iopscience.iop.org/1757-899X/18/8/082001


31


32

ORAL PRESENTATIONS


33


34

Microstructural Changes of Nanocrystalline NbC0.93 Powders Prepared by High-Energy Ball Milling

M Mhadhbi1, H Abderrazak2

1 [email protected] , 2 [email protected]

1,2Laboratory of Useful Materials, National Institute of Research and Physical-chemical Analysis, Technopole, Sidi Thabet 2020 Ariana, TUNISIA

In the present work, nanocrystalline NbC0.93 powders were produced through high-energy ball milling

from the mixture of Nb and C elemental powders under argon atmosphere. The milling process was

carried out in a high-energy planetary ball mill Fritsch Pulverisette 7, at room temperature. The effect

of milling on the particle size and morphology is studied. The phase transformation and powder

morphology characteristics were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron

microscopy (SEM). Microstructure changes, such as crystallite size, microstrains were determined

from the Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction patterns. The results showed that nanocrystalline

powders of nonstoichiometric niobium carbide with average nanocrystallite size of 20 nm were

fabricated by 20 h milling. The SEM data indicated the agglomeration of powder particles.

Keywords: Milling; Nanocrystalline; Microstructure; Carbide; Powders.

Acknowledgement We would like to acknowledge the support of our Institute.

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


35

Rheological Behaviour Modeling of Cement Paste with Nanotubes and Plasticizer

G Skripkiunas1, E Karpova1, M Dauksys2 1 [email protected] , 2 [email protected] and 3 [email protected]

1Civil Engineering Faculty, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius 10223, LITHUANIA

2Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas 51367, LITHUANIA

Rheological properties of cement pastes determine the technological properties of concrete mixtures

and have a significant influence on the concrete placement, including pumping, self-compacting, 3D

printing and others.

The lignosulphonate (LS), sulphonated naphthalene and melamine formaldehyde (NF),

polycarboxylate ether (PCE) and acrylic polymer plasticizers, which change the consistency of

concrete mixtures, are more widely used like plasticizing admixtures in construction practice

nowadays.

The carbon nanotubes is a perspective tool in managing by the rheological and technological

properties of concrete in view of their outstanding mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical and some

other properties.

The rheological behaviour of cement pastes with nanotubes and different types of polymer

plasticizing admixtures was analyzed in the course of the current research using rotating rheometer

with coaxial cylinders. The different rheological models can be used to describe of rheological

behaviour of cement pastes. The Bingham model is one of the more widely used models for cement

pastes and concrete mixtures, where yield stress and plastic viscosity are the main rheological

parameters. However, cement pastes and concrete mixtures with polymer plasticizing admixtures

have the non-linear shear rate and shear stress dependence. This article is focused on the analysis of

the influence of different types of plasticizing admixtures and nanotubes on the non-linear rheological

behaviour including thixotropy and dilatancy characteristics. The rheological parameters were

evaluated either after mixing or after long time maturing of cement paste. The cement paste with

different polymer plasticizers in combination with nanotubes showed different deviation from the

Bingham rheological model and different thixotropy and dilatancy characteristics.

The plasticizing admixtures based on lignosulphonate and naphthalene formaldehyde increased the

dilatancy of cement paste. The addition of polycarboxylate ether led to the increase of thixotropy of

cement paste.

The addition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in combination with plasticizers increased the values

of yield stress and plastic viscosity in the specified dosage of nanotubes. The multi-walled carbon

nanotubes did not change the dilatancy of cement pastes with LS and NF plasticizers, but decreased

the thixotropy in the case of PCE plasticizer.

Keywords: cement paste; plasticizer; nanotubes; yield stress; viscosity; rheological model

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


36

Ternary Heusler Compounds as Multifunctional Topological Insulators

Selami Palaz1, Amirullah M.Mamedov2,3, Ekmel Ozbay3 [email protected]

1Department of Physics, Harran University, 63300, Sanli Urfa, Turkey 2Baku State University, International Scientific Center, Baku, Azerbaijan

3Bilkent University, Nanotechnology Research Center, 06800, Ankara, Turkey

Heusler compounds are remarkable class of materials with more than 600 members and a wide

range of extraordinary multi-functionalities including halfmetallic high temperature ferri- and

ferromagnats, multiferroics, and tunable topological insulators with a high potential for spintronics,

energy technologies, and other applications. Many Heusler compounds with C1b structure are ternary

semiconductors that are structurally and electronically related to the binary semiconductors. The

diversity of heusler materials open a wide possibilities for tuning of bandgap and setting the desired

band inversion by choosing compounds with appropriate hybridization strength (by the lattice

parameter) and magnitude of spin orbit coupling (by the atomic charge. Based on the first-principle

calculations we demonstrate that some Heusler compounds show band inversion similar to that of

Bi2Te3. The topological state of these zero-gap semiconductors can be created by applying strain or

by designin an appropriate quantum-well structure, similar to the case of Bi2Te3. Many of these

ternary zero-gap semiconductors contain the rare-earth element. It can open new research directions

in realizing the topological superconductors.

In the present study, the first principle calculations have been used to evaluate the structural,

electronic, magnetic and elastic properties. The computed equilibrium properties are in good

agreement with reported experimental and theoretical results. The calculated band gap values for

XYZ, and X2YZ (X=Cr, Ni, Pd; Y=Fe, Mn; Z=Si,Sn, Ge) are found to be larger with GGA method as

compared to the results obtained using the GGA + U approximation. The calculation showed the

dependence of the magnetic properties on the Z element in the investigated half-Heusler systems.

The half-metallicity of the three families have also been confirmed. It is found that the

antiferromagnetic state is more stable than the nonmagnetic and ferromagnetic configurations in the

C1b structure. Furthermore, the studied compounds have demonstrated a certain mechanical stability

performance against compression. Overall, our calculations revealed novel properties of the XYZ half-

Heusler alloys. Since, there are no experimental studies on elastic properties of such compounds in

the C1b structure available in the literaruture to compare with, future experimental may be realized

using appropriate synthesis conditions. These compounds can be considered as an ideal electrode

material for magnetic tunnel junctions, giant magnetoresistance devices, and for injecting spin

polarized currents into semiconductors.

Keywords: Heusler compounds, Topological insulator, ab initio calculation



37

The Influence of Pressure Dependent Viscosity on the Powder Injection

Molding Process Simulation

Ivica Duretek1, Thomas Lucyshyn1, Clemens Holzer1 [email protected]

1Department of Polymer Engineering and Science, Chair of Polymer Processing,

Montanuniversitaet Leoben, 8700 Leoben, AUSTRIA

Powder injection molding (PIM) is a manufacturing process for the series production of metal or

ceramic parts. PIM is an alternative to machining and investment casting and an ideal fabrication

process for manufacturing complex, functional components in large quantities and with high material

requirements; widely applied in various industries and applications. The shaping phase is realized

using injection molding. During the filling phase high injection rates are required to fill the cavity in the

shortest possible time, thus resulting in relatively high injection pressures which leads to the

compression of the free volume of polymer chains of the feedstock-binder component, therefore the

viscosity will increase.

With the help of the injection molding simulation it is possible already in the early phase of the

development and construction to detect and avoid wrong design decisions. This can only be achieved

if reliable and accurate rheological material data are available. The flow behavior of PIM-feedstocks

depends on shear rate, temperature and pressure. However, the effect of pressure is often neglected.

The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of pressure-dependent viscosity on the results

of the powder injection molding process simulation. For this purpose, viscosity measurements of a

commercial PIM-feedstock, Ti48Al, at different temperatures without counter pressure and different

counter pressures were carried out by means of a high-pressure capillary rheometer and a

commercial counter pressure chamber. Furthermore, a sensitivity study was performed with the

injection molding simulation software Autodesk Moldflow Insight 2019 by Autodesk Inc. to evaluate

the importance of the pressure dependent viscosity on the predicted injection pressure required to fill

a tensile test specimen mold.

Figure 1: left: Measured and approximated viscosity curves with and without counter pressure at

180 °C; right: Simulated sprue injection pressure with and without pressure dependence (D3=0)

1E+1

1E+2

1E+3

1E+4

1E+1 1E+2 1E+3 1E+4

Vis

cosi

ty (

Pa·s

)

Shear rate (s-1)

p2=0 barp2=50 barp2=150 barp2=250 barp2=0 bar, Cross-WLFp2=50 bar, Cross-WLFp2=150 bar, Cross-WLFp2=250 bar, Cross-WLF

Ti48Al feedstockT=180 °C

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 0,5 1 1,5 2

Pre

ssure

(M

Pa)

Time (s)

Cross-WLF with pressure dependence

Cross-WLF; D3=0



38

The measurement results clearly show the pressure and temperature dependence of the viscosity. An

increase of the counter pressure from 0 to 250 bar results in a viscosity increase by approx. 2 times

(Fig. 1 left). The coefficient D3 in the Cross-WLF model, which is related to the polymer

compressibility and the pressure influence on viscosity, respectively, was calculated and is approx.

9.7×10-7 K/Pa, which is a relatively high value. The importance of pressure dependent viscosity in the

filling simulation of PIM was confirmed in the simulation (Fig. 1 right).

Keywords: rheology, viscosity, powder injection molding, injection molding simulation, feedstock


39

Unexpected Rheological Behavior of Detonation Nanodiamond Hydrosols

N.M. Kuznetsov1, S.I. Belousov1, S.N. Chvalun1,2, E.D. Eidelman3,4, E.B. Yudina3, A.Ya. Vul'3

[email protected]

1 National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, RUSSIA 2 Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials of the Russian Academy of Sciences,

Moscow, RUSSIA 3 Ioffe Institute, St. Petersburg, RUSSIA

4 St. Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, St. Petersburg, RUSSIA Detonation nanodiamond (DND) is one of attractive advanced carbon nanostructures [1]. Nanosize,

thermal conductivity, biocompatibility, high surface area, various surface modifications etc. open the

opportunity for wide applications in science and technology. Pristine commercial DND trend to form

clusters and aggregates with sizes about hundreds of nanometers. The most of practical applications

require DND be purified and deagglomerated [2]. The method [2] allows to produce individual DND

particles of 4-5 nm forming unusually high stable hydrosols [3]. It is very intriguing that hydrosols

show sol-gel transition at really low particles concentration (about 5-6 wt%) [4]. Even more

suspensions reveal the yield at concentration less than 1 wt% [5]. Such behavior of low filled

suspensions is typical for fillers with high aspect ratio and cannot be easy explained for DNDs. It was

suggested that particles form chains and extended fractal strictures leading to “spongy” percolation

network and to unique rheological properties of hydrosols, due to non-symmetric shape of individual

particle and double electrical layer.

The presentation submits the structure of hydrosols studied by various methods such as rheology,

X-ray analysis, dynamic light scattering and directly confirmed by transmission electron microscopy

and cryo-electron tomography. The rheological behavior and possible mechanisms of sol-gel

transition depending on surface of DND particles is discussed.

Keywords: detonation .nanodiamond, sol-gel transition, thixotropy, cryoTEM

Acknowledgement

This work partially supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Researches, project 18-29-19117 mk.

References

[1] V.N. Mochalin et al. Nature Nanotechnology, 2012, 7: 11.

[2] Detonation Nanodiamonds - Science and Applications. ed. A. Ya. Vul`, O. A. Shenderova, Pan

Stanford Publishing, 2013.

[3] A.T. Dideikin et al. Carbon, 2017, 122: 737.

[4] A.Ya. Vul’ et al. Carbon, 2017, 114: 242.

[5] N.M. Kuznetsov et al. Diamond & Related Materials, 2018, 83: 141.



40

Rheological Properties of Bentonite Based Drilling Fluid under the Small and Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear

Ali Ettehadi1, Meltem Tezcan2, Gursat Altun3 and Nusret Kaya4

1 [email protected] , 2 [email protected] , 3 [email protected] , 4 [email protected]

1Petroleum and Natural Gas Eng. Dept, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, TURKEY,

2Energy Engineering Department, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, TURKEY, 3Petroleum and Natural Gas Eng. Dept, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, TURKEY,

4Central Research Laboratories, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, TURKEY

Drilling fluids are time-dependent and exhibit both viscous and elastic characteristics when

undergoing deformation. Conceptual understanding of some critical properties such as gel strength,

barite sag, hydraulic optimization, and hole cleaning stems from evaluating viscoelastic properties of

drilling fluids. The viscoelastic properties of drilling fluid in viscoelastic range have still not been

understood well due to the lack of suitable measurement system. This study experimentally evaluates

the rheological behavior of frequently used bentonite based drilling fluid under the small and large

amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS and LAOS).

The general standard dynamic tests including creep, periodic oscillatory (mechanical vibration),

stress relaxation and start-up tests were performed using Discovery Hybrid Rheometer (DHR -

product by TA instruments) to evaluate linear viscoelastic properties of bentonite based drilling fluid.

Creep test is required to determine immediate and delayed elastic deformation responses and steady-

state deformation response. Periodic oscillatory tests including amplitude, frequency, temperature,

and oscillatory time sweep tests were also performed to determine linear range, dynamic viscosity,

complex modulus, and complex viscosity of selected fluid sample. Amplitude sweep tests are used to

identify where the sample structure is undisturbed, and to determine gel strength and yield point of

samples. Frequency sweep tests are conducted to determine sedimentation stability and gel structure

of samples at different temperatures. Temperature sweep tests indicating the effect of temperature on

apparent viscosity values and gel structure of samples were carried out. Oscillatory time sweep test

provided the necessary information about how the drilling fluid structure changes with time.

Nonlinear material properties that control the system response are so important when the

deformation is large and rapid. Therefore, full sample characterization requires well-defined nonlinear

test protocols. Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear (LAOS) tests were applied to investigate and

measure the nonlinear viscoelastic behavior and to understand if there is any correlation between the

non-linear rheological properties and fluid samples.

Evolution at rest in rheological properties of bentonite based drilling fluid characterized using SAOS

leaded to different results with what obtained based on API procedures. LAOS rheological procedure

applied for the first time provided a promising technique dealing with non-linear properties of bentonite

based drilling fluid.

Keywords: Drilling fluid, viscoelasticity, small and large amplitude oscillatory shear Acknowledgement: The authors would like to sincerely thank Scientific and Technological Research Council of

Turkey (TÜBITAK-217M723) and Scientific Research Project Coordinatorship in Izmir Katip Celebi University

(IKCU-BAP) as the lead sponsor of this R&D project.



41

Preparation and Characterization of PVA Membranes with Nanodiamonds

Tomáš Remiš1, Jaroslav Kadlec1, Tomáš Kovářík1

[email protected]

1New Technologies - Research Center, University of West Bohemia, Plzeň 306 14, CZECH REPUBLIC

Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membranes have found wide application in biomedicine and pharmacy for

their unique properties such as biocompatibility, elasticity and the ability to absorb large amounts of

water. Also, carbon nanomaterials have shown great potential in a number of applications in

regenerative medicine. Nanodiamonds (ND) are a unique class of carbon nanoparticles that have

become known thanks to their biocompatibility, highly functional surface and unique physical,

chemical and optical properties. Nanocomposite membranes based on PVA and ND were prepared

by a solution casting method to achieve an even distribution of ND in the PVA matrix. The resulting

nanocomposites have excellent properties derived from ND and PVA. The mechanical properties of

the membranes improved significantly with an increase in ND, suggesting a strong chemical

interaction between ND and PVA. The SEM showed a uniform distribution of ND in the PVA

membrane. From the results of the work we assume that ND are a suitable nano-filler for PVA

membranes. This work examines the properties of ND-reinforced PVA membranes and their potential

use in biomedical applications.

Keywords: nanodiamonds, nanocomposite, membrane, poly(vinyl alcohol)

Acknowledgement The result was developed within the CENTEM project, reg. no. CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0088, cofunded by the ERDF as part of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports OP RDI programme and, in the follow-up sustainability stage, supported through CENTEM PLUS (LO1402) by financial means from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports under the National Sustainability Programme I.



42

Rheological Properties of PVDF-GO Composites and Their Vibration Sensing Capability

Miroslav Mrlík1, Milan Masař1, Josef Osička1, Erika Kutálková1, Pavel Tofel2

[email protected]

1 Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida T. Bati 5678, Zlín 760 01, CZECH REPUBLIC

2 Brno University of Technology, Dept. of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Technická 10, 616 00, Brno, CZECH REPUBLIC

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is polymer attracting the attention of the researchers last two

decades, due to its huge industrial potential. PVDF can be used for various applications and forms,

such as solution casted film, extruded sheet or in form of fibers prepared by various techniques i.e.

(electrospinning, melt-blown technique or melt-electrowriting technique). These unique properties can

serve various applications like filtration membranes or actuating sheets or films [1].

PVDF as a semi-crystalline polymer as provide unique behaviour called piezoelectric effect. The

sample can change its dimensions upon when electric voltage is applied reversibly or if the sample is

mechanically deformed, certain electric output can be achieved. However, PVDF forms primarily

crystalline phase, which is unfortunately non-piezoelectric. With the help of additional treatment

(polling, stretching, filler addition or combination of all mentioned approaches) the electro-active

crystalline phase can be formed [2]. However, in order to provide the system with good processing

parameters, the rheological properties of neat PVDF polymer melt as well as its composites with

graphene oxide (GO) is very important factor.

Therefore, the effect of the various GO content on the crystalline phase of PVDF will be investigated

by Fourier infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction measurement. Rheological properties at various

temperatures will be disscused in connection to further possible processing. Dielectric properties will

show how the GO particles influences the polymer chain mobility and thus secondary influencing the

processing parameters. Finally, the vibration sensing capabilities will be elucidated using d33 electro-

mechanical coupling coefficient.

Keywords: poly(vinylidene fluoride); graphene oxide; rheology; vibration sensing; dielectric properties Acknowledgement The authors gratefully acknowledge to the Czech Science Foundation grant no. 19-17457S. References [1] Florczak, S., Lorson, T., Zheng, T., Mrlik, M., Hutmacher, D.W., Higgins, M.J., Luxenhofer, R., Dalton, P.D. Polymer International, 2019, 68(4): 735. [2] Issa, A.A., Al-Maadeed, M.A.S., Mrlik, M., Luyt, A.S. Journal of Polymer Research, 2016, 23(8): 232



43

Investigation Rubber Elasticity and Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Elastomers with Different Silicon Carbide Content

Patcharapon Somdee1,a, Tímea Lassú-Kuknyó2,b, Csaba Kónya2,c, Kálmán Marossy1,2,d

a [email protected] , b [email protected] , c [email protected] and d [email protected]

1 Institute of Ceramics and Polymer Engineering, University of Miskolc 3515, HUNGARY

2 BorsodChem Zrt., Kazincbarcika 3700, HUNGARY

Silicon carbide (SiC) was added to a flexible polyurethane elastomer to produce the composites.

Flexible polyurethane elastomer was synthesized by polyether polyol (PETP, Mw = 6000 g/mol) and

4,4′diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). Silicon carbide content was loaded until 30 wt.%. Stress-

strain curve are carried out for estimating the effect of SiC on rubber elasticity behavior of flexible

polyurethane elastomer composites. Besides, Shore A and D hardness, density and Young’s modulus

were examined in this study. Rubber elasticity region from stress-strain curve of the composites show

tends to decrease when increasing SiC content that clearly see in stress-strain curve. This due to

effect of SiC particle distribution and its content obstruct cross-linking chain mobility of polyurethane

elastomers, therefore, affect on the deformation while stretching. Furthermore, this result related to

the decreasing in elongation at break that indicated hindrance by SiC to molecular mobility of

polyurethane elastomer chain or deformability of the composites. Shore A and D hardness increase

by increasing SiC content up to 88 Shore A and 37 Shore D at 30 wt.%. This may be due to SiC

particles act as active filler in flexible polyurethane elastomer matrix. Tensile strength slightly

increases when SiC content is increased. Young’s modulus is increased of 1.7 times at 30 wt.% SiC

content when compared to pure flexible polyurethane elastomers. These observations support that

SiC particles act as reinforcement filler and affect on stiffness in elastic deformation of flexible

polyurethane elastomers. Furthermore, the density of the composites increases linear when SiC

content is increased as expected.

Keywords: Polyurethane elastomers, Silicon carbide, Rubber elasticity, Mechanical properties Acknowledgement This work was supported partly by the European Union, co-financed by the European Social Fund in the framework of the EFOP-3.6.1-16-2016-00011 “Younger and Renewing University-Innovative Knowledge City-institutional development of the University of Miskolc aiming at intelligent specialization” project implemented in the framework of the Szechenyi 2020 program.



44

The Dependence of Actual Laser Cutting Speed on CNC Sheet Equipment on Number of NC Program Commands for Metal Grades 1.0114 and AWAIMg3

Petunin A.A.1,2, Tavaeva A.F.1,3

1 [email protected] , 3 [email protected]

1Ural Federal University, 620002, Yekaterinburg, RUSSIA 2Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics of the UBr RAS, 620990, Yekaterinburg, RUSSIA

3JSC „Production Association „Ural Optical and Mechanical Plant named after E.S. Yalamov”, 620100, Yekaterinburg, RUSSIA

One of the complex optimization problems arising in technical applications is the cutting path

problem for CNC sheet metal cutting machines. This problem is to optimize the route of tool for the

CNC technological equipment when cutting a fixed set of parts allocated on sheet metal. The time of

cutting process is one of objective function of the problem. This objective function depends on six

parameters of cutting process: 1) speed of cutting; 2) lengths of cutting path; 3) speed of tool idling

motion; 4) length of idling motion; 5) number of piercings of metal; 6) time of one piercing. When

programming NC program, the cutting speed is defined by the user of the CAM (Computer-Aided-

Manufacturing) system and considered as a constant. However, this is actually not the case (see, in

particular, [1]). Consequently, the problem of exact calculation of objective function is arisen. In order

to solve this problem, the correction coefficients for the cutting speed value must been calculated.

Obviously, these coefficients will vary for different thicknesses and grades of metal.

The paper presents the results of investigates, which made it possible to find the functional

dependences of the cutting speed for CNC laser metal cutting machine ByStar3015 on the number of

NC program commands for the following metal grades: 1.0114 (thickness Δ = 1-10 mm) and

AWAIMg3 (Δ = 1-5 mm).

The statistical materials of experiments have been processed by using software “Mathcad”. The

received results showed that the actual average value of cutting speed is monotonically decreasing

function depended on number of NC program commands.

In addition, the calculation of the actual cutting speed provides not only an accurate calculation of the

value of the objective function, but also the correct optimal cutting path.

Keywords: CNC laser cutting machines, sheet metal 1.0114 and AWAIMg3, cutting speed

Acknowledgement The work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant № 19-01-00573) and by Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation, contract №02.A03.21.0006. References [1] Tavaeva A.F., Kurrenov D.V. Cost minimizing of cutting process for CNC thermal and water-jet machines. AIP Conference Proceedings 1690, 020003 (2015); http://doi.org/10.1063/1.4936681

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://doi.org/10.1063/1.4936681


45

Numerical Simulation Prediction and Validation 2-D Model Weld Pipe Using Hardness Test Measurement

Mahmood Hasan Alhafadhi1 and Gyorgy Krallics2

[email protected] and [email protected]

1Intsitute of physical Metallurgy, Metal Forming, and Nanotechnology Miskolc University 3515, HUNGARY

In this research, the investigates residual stresses induced in the weld joint of pipe using Manual

metal welding (MMAW). A moving distributed heat source model based on Goldak’s double-ellipsoid

heat flux distribution is implemented in Finite Element (FE) simulation of the welding process.

Thermo-elastic– plastic FE methods are applied to modelling the thermal and mechanical behaviour

of the welded pipe during the welding process. Prediction of temperature variations, fusion zone, heat

affected zone and phase transformation as well as longitudinal and transverse residual stress is

obtained. Numerical analysis results of hardness simulation are compared with existing experimental

and empirical predictions.

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


46

Desing of a Transperent Counter-Rotating Eccentric Couette Cell to Study the Flow of Viscous Fluids

Prashanth THIRUNAVUKKARASU1,2, Romain CASTELLANI1, Bruno VERGNES1, Rudy VALETTE1,

Edith PEUVREL-DISDIER1

[email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected]

1Mines ParisTech, PSL Research University, CEMEF - Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux, UMR

CNRS 7635, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia-Antipolis, FRANCE 2Manufacture Française des Pneumatiques Michelin, Place des Carmes-Déchaux, 63000 Clermont-

Ferrand Mixing is a key step in the manufacturing of multiphase materials ((nano)composites, polymer

blends, rubber compounds…) since it determines the final properties of the product. The mixing

process is complex as it involves the mixing of solid and liquid phases in a partially filled confined

volume. The objective is to incorporate, disperse and distribute the components to obtain a

homogenous mixture. The efficiency of this step depends on the kinematics of the flow, the bulk

rheological behavior of the matrix but also on the interfacial behavior of the matrix at the wall

(slippage and adhesion). The modeling of such a process is complex. Few (or no) models take into

account the interfacial phenomena at the walls of the mixer. Some studies reported on the flow in

transparent internal mixers [1-3]. The objective of the present work was to design a flow geometry in

order to investigate the behavior of the triple line at the interface wall/mix/air and determine

constitutive equations describing the interface behavior.

A transparent counter-rotating eccentric Couette cell was developed to characterize interfacial

phenomena in conditions close to the ones in an internal mixer. Dimensions were chosen to observe

the flow behavior of the fluid in the minimal gap region between the two cylinders. Observations are

performed along the vorticity axis by light transmission through two glass windows. The flow cell was

designed to fix the location of the triple line relative to the laboratory framework. Therefore, internal

and external walls of the Couette cell can rotate. The system is thus very flexible, as the rotation

speeds and directions can be varied independently. The flow geometry can be heated above 70°C.

Preliminary experiments were carried out on highly viscous fluids (104 Pa.s).

First experiments concerned the study of flow stability conditions of a small volume of fluid in the

small gap region in counter-rotating conditions. The parameters driving the flow stability will be

discussed and the flow in the small gap region will be interpreted using a hydrodynamic lubrication

model.

Keywords: flow behavior, interfacial behavior, prototype, hydrodynamic lubrication model.

Acknowledgement The authors are grateful to Michelin – MFP for funding the PhD project. This work was executed in the framework of the project OSUM supported by BPiFrance

References [1] P.K. Freakley and W.Y. Wan Idris, Rubber Chemical Technology, 1979, 52,134. [2] J.L. White, K. Min, C.Y. Ma, R. Brzoskowski, Journal of Polymer. Engineering, 1986, 6(1-4), 79. [3] K. Min and K. G. Suh, Polymer Engineering and Science, 1991, 31(11), 779.



47

Effect of Addition of Hydrogen Peroxide Solution with Sodium Bicarbonate on Rheological Behavior of Blood Clot

A Urakov1,2, M Alies2, N Urakova1

1 [email protected] , 2 [email protected] , 3 [email protected]

1Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Izhevsk 416054, RUSSIA 2Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural branch of RAS, Izhevsk 426034, RUSSIA

The purpose of this work was to develop new tools and technologies for the urgent dilution of dry

blood spots, blood clots, blood crusts and to remove traces of blood from the bloody bandages,

clothing and skin surface, as well as for urgent discoloration of the skin and nails in the field of

bruises, bruises and bruises.

It is established that liquid arterial or venous blood, as well as gauze bandages, clothing tissue, the

surface of the skin of pigs and people, "painted" with blood in red, brown and/or blue, can be urgently

discolored with alkaline solutions of hydrogen peroxide.

New drugs have been developed to dilute thick blood and dry blood spots, as well as for urgent

blood discoloration, which allows to completely eliminate all traces of blood from all studied tissues.

This group of drugs was called "bleaches of bruises".

The inventions providing urgent liquefaction of blood clots, blood crusts and dry blood spots,

discoloration of blood-stained tissues and elimination of blood traces were created. Tools and

methods for immediate dissolution of blood clots inside the veins and restoration of vein patency have

been developed. Means and methods of emergency removal of bloodied bandages from the surface

of the skin and wound surface, urgent removal of blood from the skin with intradermal bruises and

hematomas, urgent cleaning of clothing from traces and blood stains have been developed.

The main ingredients of the invented original drugs that provide urgent dissolution and removal of

blood clots, dry blood crusts, spots and traces of blood of blood-brown color from clothing and skin, as

well as urgent discoloration of the skin and nails with bruises and hematomas are shown. The

essence of the invented methods of skin and nail plate discoloration in the area of bruises, bruises

and hemorrhages is presented.

The alkaline solution of hydrogen peroxide can be used for emergency dilution of blood crusts, blood

spots, blood clots, blood clots in order to restore the patency of blood vessels in thrombosis, as well

as for urgent discoloration of the skin in the area of bruises, discoloration of the nail with hematoma

and discoloration of clothes and bandages stained with blood.

Keywords: blood clot solvent, blood bleach, bruise bleach



48


49

SHORT ORALS (and Posters)


50


51

SO-6 (P44)

Using Crumb Rubber Waste to Improve the Bituminous Mixes: Experimental Investigation of Rutting Behaviour for Flexible Asphalt Mix for

Road Construction

Wissam Qassim Al-Salih

[email protected]

BME University, Faculty of Transportation Engineering and Vehicle Engineering, Bud

Date post:	19-Oct-2020
Category:	Documents
Upload:	others
View:	0 times
Download:	0 times

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS · 4th International Conference on Rheology and Modeling of Materials 15 PLENARY...

Documents