Book Two

New Horizon College English

Unit SixUnit Six

As His Name Is, So Is He!Section ASection A

• Aims:

• 1. To help the students understand the text structure.

• 2. To help the students the main idea of the text.

• 3. To help the students learn the use of the active Band-4 words, some important phrases and sentence structures in the text.

• 4. To help the students understand the difficult sentences in the text:

• (1) (L10) Naturally, the name…• (2) (L19) For better or worse,…• (3) (L25) The latter name …• (4) (L39-40)Confess: Wouldn’t you be surp

rised to meet a carpenter named Nigel? A physicist called Bertha? A Pope Mel?

• (5) (L53) A companion study showed…• 5. To help the students master the writing of

a paragraph of comparison.• 6. To guide the students in their discussion

about names.

• Preview:

• 1. Read the text again and again, trying to get the main idea of it.

• 2. Try to understand the use of the band-4 words in the text.

• 3. Try to answer the questions about the text on Page 153.

• 4. Pay special attention to the difficult sentences:

• (1) (L10) Naturally, the name…

• (2) (L19) For better or worse,…

• (3) (L25) The latter name …

• (4) (L39-40)Confess: Wouldn’t you be surprised to meet a carpenter named Nigel? A physicist called Bertha? A Pope Mel?

• (5) (L53) A companion study showed…

• 5. Give some examples of people’s judging others by their names or of the ways names can make a difference?

• • *Lead-in• Sometimes we judge people by their mirages, such

as appearances, words, names, etc. , so many people make use of mirages to achieve their goals. For example, a clean-cut pickpocket can easily dust people’s eyes; tricky advertisers gain customers’ confidence by their inflated language; some Hollywood stars change their real names into “ winning names”, which help them become famous. Can you give some other examples of people’s judging others by their names or of the ways names can make a difference?

• *Text Structure

• Section One (Paras.1-7): Some of the ways names can make a difference.

• Section Two (Para. 8) : You can change your name if it doesn’t suit you. (the author’s suggestion)

• *Difficult Sentences

• 1.(L10) Naturally, the name…

• 2. (L19) For better or worse,…

• 3. (L25) The latter name …

• 4. (L39-40)Confess: Wouldn’t you be surprised to meet a carpenter named Nigel? A physicist called Bertha? A Pope Mel?

• 5. (L53) A companion study showed…

Background knowledge for 4 (L39-40):

Nigel: represents the personality characteristics of imaginative, creative, inconsistent, insecure, gullible,talkative and is an Italian form of Neil,or a French name meaning “ hero”. It is sometimes associated with the Latin niger, meaning “ black”.

Bertha: represents the personality characteristics of idealistic, generous, kind, caring, possessive and comes from German, meaning “bright, famous”. Bertha is well known in German legends as a character who sneaks into nurseries and rocks children to sleep.

• Pope Mel : is a humorous reference, meant to show how foolish it would be to put the two names together. “ Pope” is a title given to the highest authority of the Roman Catholic Church in Rome: “Mel” is probably a short form of either Melvin, or Melanie.or Melissa and is a playful name which has no meaning in and of itself.

• *An Important Sentence Structure

• 1. (L4) One day, while (she was) filling out an application form for a publishing job, the young woman impulsively substituted her middle name, Lynne, for her first name Debbie.

• 2. (L41) Often, we project name-based stereotypes on people, as one woman friend discovered while (she was) taking charge of a nursery-school’s group of four-year-olds.

• Do Exercise on P156Ⅷ

• * Important Words and Phrases• 1. As his name is, so is he! ( the title)• used to express parallelism or proportionality ( 表示

类比 )• Partially inverted:• e. g. As is the teacher, so is the pupil.• As is the father, so is the son.• ( Like father, like son.)• As the desert is like a sea, so is the camel like a

ship. ( 沙漠似海，骆驼似舟。 )

•

•

• Natural order:• e.g. As you treat me, so I shall treat you.• As time went on, so their hopes began to decrease.• 2. feel like (L3): feel as if…were, seem to be; seem like

when touched; have a wish for• e.g. I felt like an idiot when I answered wrong.• I feel like catching cold.• It feels like rain.• It feels like velvet( 丝绒 ).• Do you feel like ( having ) a walk with me?• I don’t feel like a president.•

•

feel like oneself : feel at ease; feel well; feel calm; be in one’s right mind

e.g. She hasn’t been feeling like herself since the accident.

自从那次不幸事件之后，她一直心情不好。

I didn’t feel like myself when I got up this morning, so I asked for four classes’ sick leave.

• 3. an application form (L4)

• an application letter

• an applicant

• apply for a job

• 4. substitute … for… (L5): put (something or someone) in place of another

• substitute for: be used instead of, act as a substitute

• e.g. We substituted red balls for blue, to see if the baby would notice.

• Dayton was substituted for Williams in the second half of the match.

• We should substitute dialogue for violence.

• Can you substitute for me at her birthday party ?

• 5. approval / disapproval

• the prefix dis- added to a noun or a verb meaning the opposite of [noun]or[verb]

• Other examples:

• comfort/discomfort

• order/disorder

• trust/distrust

• agree/disagree

• appear/disappear

• continue/discontinue

• approve/disapprove

• arm/disarm

•

• The prefix un- added to nouns meaning “ the absence of [noun]

• e.g. uncertainty• unemployment• unwisdom• (See P154-155 to learn more prefixes.)• 7. (be) qualified to do sth. (L26) : • (be) qualified for sth.• have suitable knowledge or qualifications esp.for a job• e.g. She is qualified by training and natural gifts to u

ndertake the job.• • •

• He is highly qualified for the task.

• qualify (…) as…

• qualify (…) for… :

• make sb. qualified for…;

• be qualified to do (for)…

• e.g. His training qualifies her as a teacher of English.

• Will our team qualify for the second round of the competition?

Structure Analysis

Tips for Writing

Structure AnalysisStructure Analysis

A Paragraph of ComparisonA Paragraph of Comparison

Sample: ( Para. 7, Section A)

The main idea: People’s names are related to their achievement or behavior.

The main idea: People’s names are related to their achievement or behavior.

Point A: affect classroom

achievement

Comparison: grades on the same essays written by boys with good names and bad names;

Result: lower

Point B: other sources of classroom difference

Comparison: 1) performance of girls with appealing names and less appealing names; 2) popularity of the girls is related to their names;

Result: better

Decide how many comparisons will be made. Try not to start a new comparison before getting a result from the previous one. List parts to be compared. Choose familiar verbs and adjectives and develop your sentences on them.

Tips for WritingTips for Writing

• * Homework• 1. Make a sentence with each of the above i

mportant structures, words and phrases.• 2. Make a sentence using each of the active

words in Section A.• 3.Write a paragraph using the following wo

rds and expressions:• an application form, an application letter, a

pply for, applicant, a job interview, be qualified for, turn down, press for , be ill at ease.

44 。。 Write a paragraph of Write a paragraph of comparison.comparison.Topics:Topics:

（（ 11 ）） Living in CitiesLiving in Cities

（（ 22 ）） Studying AbroadStudying Abroad

• *Supplementary Knowledge• 1. Names• an assumed name （化名）• a false name （假名）• a pen name （笔名）• a real name （真名）• a pet name （昵称，小名）• an alternative name （别名）• a big name （要人，名演员）• a family name （姓）• ( a surname, a second name)• a first name （名）• •

• ( a proper name, a given name, a Christian name)

• a middle name （中间名）• a double-barreled name （双姓）

• 2. Idioms and Proverbs with “Name”:

•

1. They call each other all sorts of names.

他们用各种恶言恶语互骂。

2. He was a chairman only in name.

他是个名义上的主席。

3. His name is mud.

他声名狼藉。

4. Thomas Edison was a great name in science.

托玛斯 · 爱迪生是个科学伟人。

5. In fishing, patience is the name of the game.

钓鱼时，耐心是最重要的。

6. He doesn’t have a penny to his name.

他一文不名。

• 7. An ill wound is cured, not an ill name.

• 恶伤易治，恶名难除。• 8. A good name keeps its lustre in the dark.

• 美名在黑暗中也会闪闪发光。• 9. A good name is better than great riches.

• 美名胜于财富。• 10. A good name is sooner lost than won.

• 美名难得而易失。

• * A Discussion(Choose one of the topics.)• 1. Some names tell us the special periods of time i

n history in which people with these names were born, such as Jianguo （建国） , Jiefang （解放） , Qige （旗歌） , Weihong （卫红 ), Weiguo（卫国） etc. ; some imply the name givers’ good wishes, such as Aimin （爱民） , Pandi （盼弟） , Zhipeng （志鹏）， Beijia （贝佳） , Qiaolin （乔林） ; some show the sex of the person with the name, such as Jiani （佳妮） ,Huniu（虎妞） , Gouwa （狗娃） , Ziye （子也） , Erzhu （二柱） ; some remind people of the season or the time when the person with the name was born, such as Chunxiao （春晓） , Qiuzi （秋子） ,

• Dongmei （冬梅） ,etc.; some rustic names , such as Runtu （润土） , Shuisheng （水生） , Dashan （大山） , etc. ， beg for health, peace, safety, good luck and happiness.

• Every name has its origin and special meaning.

• What’s the origin and meaning of your name?

2. Do you really agree with 2. Do you really agree with the author’s opinion?the author’s opinion?

Have you ever thought Have you ever thought about changing your about changing your

name into a more name into a more attractive one?attractive one?

Why?Why? Why not?Why not?

I agree with the I agree with the author’s opinion that …author’s opinion that …

I think it’s a good idea I think it’s a good idea to …to …

It may help if … It may help if … I am considering to …I am considering to … The reasons I decide to The reasons I decide to

… are as follows:… are as follows:

Firstly, … Secondly, … Firstly, … Secondly, … Finally, …Finally, …

By changing my name, I By changing my name, I can …can …

I disagree with the I disagree with the author’s opinion that …author’s opinion that …

I don’t think it’s a good I don’t think it’s a good idea to …idea to …

It is impossible to … It is impossible to … I will never …I will never … My reasons are as My reasons are as

follows:follows: The best to … is …The best to … is … The most important The most important

thing is …thing is …

Yes VS No

• Active Words:

• substitute, confidence, approval, reserve, specific, latter, qualify, critic, refine, attractive, impressive, confess,creature, intelligence, despair, label, determination.

Judge by Appearances

Unit SixUnit Six

Section B

• Tasks:

• 1. To help the students understand the text.

• 2. To help the students learn some important words and phrases in the text.

• 3. To help the students review the reading skill---finding the main idea in a paragraph.

Reading for the Main Ideas in Paragraphs

INTRODUCTION

Reading SkillsReading Skills

As was introduced in Unit 1, finding the main idea of a paragraph is necessary for understanding a piece of writing. The main idea sentence of a paragraph is commonly known as a “topic sentence” or “topic statement”. The topic sentence most frequently appears at the beginning of a paragraph, as we can see in the following example taken from Reading Passage A:

Of course, names with a positive sense can work for you, even encourage new acquaintances. A recent survey showed that American men thought Susan to be the most attractive female name, while women believed Richard and David were the most attractive for men. One woman I know turned down a blind date with a man named Harry because “he sounded dull” . Several evenings later, she came up to me at a party, pressing for an introduction to a very impressive man; they’d been exchanging glances all evening. “Oh,” I said. “You mean Harry.” She was ill at ease. (Para. 5, Reading Passage A, Unit 6)

Main idea: Names with a positive sense can work for you.

But the topic sentence may also appear in other places: in the middle or at the end of a paragraph. Look at two more examples taken from Reading Passage A:

1. Naturally, the name change didn’t cause Debbie/Lynne’s professional achievement—but it surely helped if only by adding a bit of self-confidence to her talents. Social scientists say that what you’re called can affect your life. Throughout history, names have not merely identified people but also described them. “…As his name is, so is he…” says the Bible, and Webster’s Dictionary includes the following definition of name: “a word or words expressing some quality considered characteristic or descriptive of a person or a thing, often expressing approval or disapproval.” Note well “approval or disapproval.” For better or worse, qualities such as friendliness or reserve, plainness or charm may be suggested by your name and conveyed to other people before they even meet you. (Para. 3, Reading Passage A, Unit 6)

1. Naturally, the name change didn’t cause Debbie/Lynne’s professional achievement—but it surely helped if only by adding a bit of self-confidence to her talents. Social scientists say that what you’re called can affect your life. Throughout history, names have not merely identified people but also described them. “…As his name is, so is he…” says the Bible, and Webster’s Dictionary includes the following definition of name: “a word or words expressing some quality considered characteristic or descriptive of a person or a thing, often expressing approval or disapproval.” Note well “approval or disapproval.” For better or worse, qualities such as friendliness or reserve, plainness or charm may be suggested by your name and conveyed to other people before they even meet you. (Para. 3, Reading Passage A, Unit 6)

The main idea sentence appears in the middle of this paragraph.

2. Though your parents probably meant your name to last a lifetime, remember that when they picked it they’d hardly met you, and the hopes and dreams they valued when they chose it may not match yours. If your name no longer seems to fit you, don’t despair; you aren’t stuck with the label. Movie stars regularly change their names, and with some determination, you can, too. (Para. 8, Reading Passage A, Unit 6)

The main idea sentence appears at the end of this paragraph.

2. Though your parents probably meant your name to last a lifetime, remember that when they picked it they’d hardly met you, and the hopes and dreams they valued when they chose it may not match yours. If your name no longer seems to fit you, don’t despair; you aren’t stuck with the label. Movie stars regularly change their names, and with some determination, you can, too. (Para. 8, Reading Passage A, Unit 6)

Sometimes the main idea of a paragraph is not directly stated by any one sentence in the paragraph: it is only implied. In these cases you have to write a sentence to sum up or state the main idea of a paragraph.

• (1) Area codes are numerical codes assigned by the telephone company to tell from which part of the country you are calling. (2) Area codes were first introduced in 1947. (3) At that time, there were 86 area codes. (4) Today there are over 150. (5) California, the most populous state in the country, has the most area codes. (6) An area code can serve almost 800 three-digit prefixes. (7) Each prefix has almost 10,000 possible telephone numbers.

• Explanation

• Every sentence in this paragraph is talking about "area codes," with each looking at a different aspect of area codes. The sentences are connected only by the fact that each deals with area codes. Thus, the implied main idea must reflect this fact. It might read: "There are various interesting facts about area codes."

Matching GameMatching Game

Word UsingWord Using

I. Matching GameI. Matching GameI. Matching GameI. Matching Game

1.1. validvalid

2.2. accurateaccurate

3.3. concealconceal

4.4. emotionalemotional

5.5. internalinternal

6.6. superficialsuperficial

7.7. virtuallyvirtually

8.8. imitateimitate

a.a. of the strong feelingof the strong feeling

b.b. exactexact

c.c. effective lawfullyeffective lawfully

d.d. hidehide

e.e. follow as an examplefollow as an example

f.f. of the insideof the inside

g.g. in factin fact

h.h. not deep or seriousnot deep or serious

1. speak of (L16) show or suggest

e.g.e.g.

— His eyes speak of

suffering.

— Time is up. I will speak of that point later.

2. turn out (L17) to happen in a particular way; to develop or end in a particular way…

e.g.— It turned out that she was my sister’s friend.— A large group of protesters have turned out.— an assembly line turning out cars

其他：其他：

turn

>>>>>>practicepractice

down 拒绝；关小，调低in 交还，上交；over 仔细考虑；to 变成；求助于up 出现，到来；开大，调高

1)1) He has not _________ yet, but everybody He has not _________ yet, but everybody else is here.else is here.

2)2) The boy was ____________ for the job The boy was ____________ for the job because because he didn't have any experience.he didn't have any experience.

3)3) We thought he had been killed, but he We thought he had been killed, but he ___________ safe and sound. ___________ safe and sound.

4)4) If you have any problem, please If you have any problem, please _________ me any time._________ me any time.

5)5) Would you mind if I _______________ the Would you mind if I _______________ the music?music?

turned up

turned down

turned out

turn to

turn down/up

3. apart from (L32) besides

e.g.e.g. Apart from a few scratches, the car was undamaged.

Tra

nsla

tion

Tra

nsla

tion

除了很少的几句外，我对法语一无所知。除了很少的几句外，我对法语一无所知。

K

ey

Key

Apart from a few words, I do not

know

any French at all.

Apart from a few words, I do not

know

any French at all.

Can you validate your views against economic growth?

你能证明自己反对经济增长的观点站得住脚吗？

4. validate: vt. make sth. well based

FOR EXAMPLE:

Now you try:

设计这些实验是用来证实他的理论的。The experiments are designed to validate his theory.

Notice: Its relative adjective form is “valid”.The marriage was held to be valid.这桩婚姻被认为是有效的。

Notice: Its relative adjective form is “valid”.The marriage was held to be valid.这桩婚姻被认为是有效的。

5. wrinkle

FOR EXAMPLE:

vt. (cause sth.) to form small linesn. [C] small line in the skin, esp. one of those on the face that is caused by age

She’s beginning to get wrinkles around her eyes. 她的眼角开始有鱼尾纹了。

Now you try:

过多阳光会使你的皮肤起皱纹。

Too much sunshine will wrinkle your skin.

6. conceal: vt. keep sth./sb. from being seen or known about; hide sth./sb.

FOR EXAMPLE:

He tried to conceal his heavy drinking from his family. 他竭力向家人隐瞒他大量酗酒的事实。I tried to conceal my surprise when she said she was only 22. 当她说她只有 22 岁时，我尽力掩饰自己的惊讶。

Now you try: 她立即就明白了他有什么事瞒着她。She knew at once that he was concealing something from her.

7. follow one’s track: be after sb./sth.

FOR EXAMPLE:

We followed his tracks through the snow. 我们沿着他在雪地里的足印前进。

Now you try:

猎人循着动物的脚印追了几个小时。

The hunters followed the tracks of the animal for hours.

8. prevail: vi. 1. exist or happen generally 2. fight successfully (against sb./sth.)

FOR EXAMPLE:

The use of horses still prevails among the poorer farmers. 较贫穷的农民仍然普遍用马来运输东西。

I am sure that common sense will prevail in the end. 我相信最终理性将占上风。

Now you try:

This is a strange custom that still prevails.

这是个仍然盛行的奇怪风俗。

9. accompany (L39) v. be or go with

e.g.e.g. — Mary sang and I accompanied her on the piano.— The minister was accompanied by his secretary to the hospital.

Tra

nsla

tTra

nsla

tio

nio

n

她陪我去看了医生。她陪我去看了医生。

K

ey

Key

She accompanied me to the doctor's.She accompanied me to the doctor's.She accompanied me to the doctor's.She accompanied me to the doctor's.

• Homework

• 1. Do the exercises after Text B.

• 2. Make at least one sentence with the active words in Text B:

• Valid, tidy, conceal, poverty, mild, emotional, wander, scale, discourage, imitate, rude, accompany, grace, accurate, bound, internal, prevail.

• 3. Read the complementary reading material.

Prejudices Around UsPrejudices Around Us

Why & HowWhy & HowPrejudices Around UsPrejudices Around Us

Why & HowWhy & How

4. GROUP WORK4. GROUP WORK4. GROUP WORK4. GROUP WORK

Are you aware of any Are you aware of any prejudices in your prejudices in your life? What are they? life? What are they? sex prejudice, racial sex prejudice, racial prejudice, or …? prejudice, or …? List them and List them and exchange your view exchange your view with your desk-with your desk-mate.mate.

Are you aware of any Are you aware of any prejudices in your prejudices in your life? What are they? life? What are they? sex prejudice, racial sex prejudice, racial prejudice, or …? prejudice, or …? List them and List them and exchange your view exchange your view with your desk-with your desk-mate.mate.

• 5. Do Section C.