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7/30/2019 BoozCo_The-2012-Global-Innovation-1000-Media-Report.
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Perspective Barry Jaruzelski
John Loehr
Richard Holman
The 2012 Global Innovation 1000
Key Findings
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Booz & Company2
The 2012 Global Innovation 1000: Introduction and Key Findings
Every year since 2005, Booz & Company has conducted the Global Innovation 1000
study, which investigates the relationship between how much companies spend on R&D
and their overall nancial performance and long-term nancial successand every year,
the study reinforces the conclusion that there is no correlation between the two. Instead,
it is how companies leverage their R&D investments in conjunction with other resources
and internal structuressuch as personnel, capabilities, and decision-making processes
that determines their ability to execute their innovation agendas.
In our eighth annual study of the worlds 1,000 largest corporate R&D spenders, we
focus on the fuzzy front end of the innovation processthe tools, mechanisms, and
networks companies use to generate ideas and effectively convert them to commercial-
ized products. We surveyed nearly 700 companies and interviewed 12 senior innovation
executives and chief technology ofcers at leading companies to gain insights into the
early stages of innovation, as well as to understand which companies they viewed as the
most innovative in the world.
This year, weve identied ve key themes from the Global Innovation 1000 study:
The Worlds Top 10 Most Innovative Companies Are ChangingSamsung continues
its steady rise as Facebook falls.
R&D Spending is in RecoveryAfter the recession, R&D is back on a solid growth
trend.
Spending InnovationMore dollars spent doesnt guarantee innovation success.
Weve Got No IdeaNearly half of the organizations surveyed believe they are only
marginally effective at both idea generation and conversion.
Tried and True RulesThe most successful innovators employ traditional methods for
innovation success.
INTRODUCTIONAND KEYFINDINGS
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Booz & Company3
The Worlds Top 10 Most Innovative Companies Are Changing
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CHANGE IN THE TOP 10 MOST INNOVATIVE COMPANIES20102012
2010 2011 2012
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
10th
Apple Apple Apple
Google Google Google
3M 3M 3M
GE GE
GEToyota
Toyota
Toyota
Microsoft
Microsoft
Microsoft
P&G
P&G P&G
Samsung
Samsung
Samsung
IBM
IBM
IBM
Intel Facebook Amazon
Tie
This year Amazon joined the Top 10 Most Innovative Companies ranking (#10),
bumping Facebook from the list.
For the second straight year, Samsung rose in rank (now ranked #4).
Apple, Google, and 3M kept their 1st, 2nd, and 3rd positions, respectively.
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Booz & Company4
Barry Jaruzelski,
senior partner at Booz & Company:Facebooks drop from the Top 10 Most
Innovative Companies list may suggestthat social media companies have lost
some of their initial luster. In contrast,Amazons rst-time appearance on the listsuggests that both the R&D community
and consumers recognize companies asproviding superior value when theyoffer products and services in creativenew ways that meet customer needs
through technical innovation.
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Booz & Company5
R&D Spending Is In Recovery
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THE GLOBAL INNOVATION 1000 R&D SPEND20012011; $BILLION
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$603
$550
$503$521
$495
$450
$417$391
$369$355$353
20112010200920082007200620052004200320022001
AnnualGrowth
0.6% 6.5% 7.9% 10.0%3.7% 6.2% 5.4% -3.5% 9.3% 9.6%
11-yearCAGR = 6%
3-yearCAGR = 3.5%
3-yearCAGR =9.5%
In 2011, corporate spending among the Global Innovation 1000 reached an all-time
high of $603 billion, an increase of 9.6 percent from the previous year. R&D spend
increased in 2011 across most industry sectors and geographies.
This is the second strong increase of R&D spending in a row (there was a 9.3 percent
increase in 2010), following a brief decline (3.5 percent) in 2009.
The recovery in R&D spend after the worst recession in generations is much faster
than it was after the dot-com bust at the beginning of this century.
Although companies are still feeling the lingering effects of the global economic
downturn, many seem to recognize the long-term value associated with R&D
investment.
This strong R&D recovery ($100 billion increase in the past two years alone) may
signal a jobs recovery, especially in North America, where the largest portion of the
absolute spending growth originates.
R&D spend grew 9.6% in 2011, continuing 2010's strong growth after the 2009 decline
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Booz & Company6
R&D Spending Is In Recovery (continued)
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2012Rank
Company IndustryGeography
$9.9
$9.6
$9.4
$9.1
$9.0
$9.0
$8.5
$8.4
$8.1
$7.8
$7.7
$7.5
$6.7
$6.6
$6.6
$6.3
$6.3
$5.8
$5.8
$5.5
$153.6
Auto
Healthcare
Healthcare
Healthcare
Software and Internet
Computing and Electronics
Healthcare
Computing and Electronics
Auto
Computing and Electronics
Auto
Healthcare
Healthcare
Computing and Electronics
Auto
Healthcare
Computing and Electronics
Computing and Electronics
Auto
Healthcare
TOTAL
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Toyota
Novartis
Roche Holding
Pfizer
Microsoft
Samsung
Merck
Intel
General Motors
Nokia
Volkswagen
Johnson & Johnson
Sanofi
Panasonic
Honda
GlaxoSmithKline
IBM
Cisco Systems
Daimler
AstraZeneca
Japan
Europe
Europe
North America
North America
Asia
North America
North America
North America
Europe
Europe
North America
Europe
Japan
Japan
Europe
North America
North America
Europe
Europe
2011 R&DExp.; $Bn
THE 2012 TOP 20 R&D SPENDERS
The top 20 R&D spenders collectively invested $154 billion on R&D in 2011
26 percent of the Global Innovation 1000 spend.
Auto companies increased their rank in the top spender list:- The auto companies among the top 20 spenders in 2010 either moved up in the
rankings or stayed the same in 2011.
- R&D investment is becoming more critical as auto companies seek to meet ever
more stringent fuel economy standards, boost the electronics in their cars, develop
common platforms around the globe, and attract younger buyers.
Although the healthcare companies dominate the list, they have decreased their rank in
the top spender list:
- Of the eight healthcare companies in the top 20 spenders in 2010, all but Novartis
and Sano fell in the rankings in 2011.
- Given the recent dearth of successful product introductions, many healthcare compa-
nies are hesitant to continue investing in innovation, choosing instead to steer prots
to shareholders. Regulatory uncertainty has also taken its toll: large pharmaceuticalcompanies appear reluctant to invest in R&D without a clear path to market.
Automotive Gains, Health Loses in the Top 20 R&D Spenders
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R&D Spending Is In Recovery (continued)
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Consumer 3%
Telecom 2% Other 2%
Aerospace and Defense 4%
Healthcare21%
Industrials10%
Auto16%
Software and Internet 7%
Chemicals and Energy 7%
Computing andElectronics
28%
2011 R&D SPEND BY INDUSTRY ($603 BILLION TOTAL)
The top three industries with the greatest R&D investment continued to be:
- Computing and Electronics (28 percent of total Global Innovation 1000 spend)
- Healthcare (21 percent of total Global Innovation 1000 spend)
- Auto (16 percent of total Global Innovation 1000 spend)
Computing and Electronics, Healthcare, and Auto Industries Top R&D Spending
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Booz & Company8
R&D Spending Is In Recovery (continued)
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TotalAerospace
and Defense
$1,487
Telecom
$352
Consumer
$1,655
Other
$1,718
Chemicals
and Energy
$3,607
Healthcare
$6,037
Software
and
Internet
$6,229
IndustrialsAuto
$13,214
Computing
and
Electronics
$13,440
CHANGE IN 20102011 R&D SPEND BY INDUSTRY;$MILLION
Increases
Decreases
$52,632
Represents 66% oftotal R&D spend increase
While Health is the third largest
spender, Industrials experienced the
third largest absolute spend increase
While Healthcare is the third largestspender, Industrials experienced thethird largest absolute spend increase
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$7,867
65 percent of the overall $53 billion growth in R&D spend in 2011 came from the
Computing and Electronics, Auto, and Industrials sectors.
Though Healthcare was the second-largest spender on R&D in the Global Innovation1000, it experienced only the fth-largest increase in spend.
Two-thirds of the $53 billion spending increase came from the Computing and Electronics, Auto, and Industrials sectors
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Booz & Company9
R&D Spending Is In Recovery (continued)
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India/China 2.7%
Rest ofWorld6.1%
Japan23.3%
Europe29.9%
North America37.9%
2011 R&D SPEND BY REGION$603 BILLION TOTAL
Nearly 70 percent of the total Global Innovation 1000 spend is concentrated in North
America and Europe.
India and China, with 3 percent of the total R&D spend, play a minor but growingrole.
India and China Outpace Other Regions in R&D Spend Growth, Though from a Small Base
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Booz & Company10
R&D Spending Is In Recovery (continued)
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TotalRest ofWorld
$3,434
India/China
$3,912
Japan
$12,424
Europe
$14,736
NorthAmerica
$18,126
CHANGE IN 20102011 R&D SPEND BY REGION;$MILLION
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$52,632
0%
4%
8%
12%
16%
20%
24%
28%
Average9.6%
Japan
2.4%
Europe
5.4%
9.7%
12.2%
India/China
27.2%
CHANGE (%) IN R&D SPEND BY REGION 20102011
Rest ofWorld
NorthAmerica
While India/Chinaexperienced thegreatest percentageincrease in R&Dspend, North Americaexperienced the largestabsolute spend increase
North America and Europe were the largest contributors to the overall R&D spend
growth in 2011; more than 60 percent of the increase came from these regions.
India and China contributed 7 percent to the overall R&D spend increase.
India and China had the strongest relative growth in R&D spending. North America
was above average, while Europe and Japan lagged behind.
- India- and China-based rms increased R&D spend by a phenomenal 27 percent
over the previous year, albeit from a small spend base. It is also worth noting that
their combined rate of growth was down from 38.5 percent in 2010, which may
reect the cooling down of the Chinese economy.
- Companies headquartered in North America grew their R&D spending at a slightly
above-average rate of 9.7 percent.
- Europe and Japan grew at below-average rates of 5.4 percent and 2.4 percent,
respectively.
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Booz & Company11
R&D Spending Is In Recovery (continued)
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31.1%
35.0%
32.1%
34.5%
30.1%
32.4%
29.9%
33.6%
9.5%5.3%
9.6%6.1%
11.7%
6.1%
10.5%
4.9%2.7%2.3%1.5%1.0%
21.7%
30.0%
7.3%
21.1%
23.3%
4.2%
38.5%
22.6%
27.3%
20.1%
8.5%
37.9%
23.3%
27.4%38.3%
29.9%
21.3%
4.3%
38.6%
24.4%
Japan
Europe
North America
Rest of World
India/China
GLOBAL INNOVATION 1000 COMPANY R&D SPEND AND REVENUE BY REGION
20082011
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RevenueR&DSpend
2008
RevenueR&DSpend
2009
RevenueR&DSpend
2010
RevenueR&DSpend
2011
India and China are steadily gaining share in R&D spending, at a faster year-on-year
rate than their proportionate gain in revenue. In 2008, India- and China-based rms
accounted for 4.3 percent of the revenue generated by the Global Innovation 1000
companies; today that number has risen to 8.5 percent.
Because Chinas economy is much larger than Indias, and far more of its companies
appear in the Global Innovation 1000 (47 companies from China, compared with
just nine from India), China accounted for more than 90 percent of the two countries
spending.
More than half of all the Global Innovation 1000 companies that are headquartered in
India and China are from the Chemicals, Energy, Construction, and Mining sectors
all historically low spenders on R&D.
The high growth rates of R&D spending in India and China may well continue (or
even accelerate) as these countries continue to develop more R&D-intensive sectors
such as Computing and Electronics or Auto.
India and China have been steadily gaining share in R&D spending but are gaining revenue share at an even faster rate
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Booz & Company12
Spending Innovation
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PERFORMANCE OF THE TOP 10 MOST INNOVATIVE COMPANIES VS. TOP R&D SPENDERS
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Revenue Growth
5-yr. CAGR
EBITDA as % of Revenue
5-yr. Avg.
Market Cap Growth
5-yr. CAGR
68%65%
62%
45%
54%
Top 10 Most Innovative
40%
Top 10 R&D Spenders
Normalized Performanceof Industry Peers: 50%
Highest Possible Score: 100%
Lowest Possible Score: 0%
l Once again, there are signicant differences in performance between the Top 10
Most Innovative Companies and the top 10 R&D spenders. The 10 Most Innovative
Companies outpace the top 10 R&D spenders on three key nancial metrics: revenue
growth, market cap growth, and EBITDA as a percent of revenue.
The top 10 R&D spenders also lag their industry peers in the Global Innovation 1000
on revenue growth and market cap growth.
Interesting to note is the limited overlap between the top 10 R&D spenders and the 10
Most Innovative Companies list:
- Only Toyota, Microsoft, and Samsung are among both the Top10 Most Innovative
Companies and the top 10 R&D spenders.
- Although there are four healthcare companies among the top 10 spenders (Novartis,
Roche, Pzer, and Merck), no healthcare organization made it into the 10 Most
Innovative Companies.
This reinforces our long-standing nding that a companys nancial performance and
innovativeness do not correlate with how much it spends on R&D, but rather with how
well it executes its innovation strategy.
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Weve Got No Idea
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Highly EffectiveMarginally Effective
Highly Effective
Marginally Effective
Idea Generation
Idea Conversion
11%
46%
25%
18%
Perhaps the most surprising result of this years study of the front-end of the innovation
process is just how many companies say they simply arent very good at it.
A full 46 percent of respondents say their companies are just marginally effective oraverage at generating ideas and converting them to commercial projects.
A similar proportion (40 percent) told us last year that their companys culture did not
support efforts to come up with new ideas.
It is clear that many companies have yet to master the right mix of factors to foster
sustained innovation.
Performance at Idea Generation and Idea Conversion
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Booz & Company14
Matthew Ganz, vice president and generalmanager of research and technology at the
Boeing Company: If you have a creativeidea and it doesnt create value, its not
technology. Its art. If youre all about valuecreation with no creativity, the accountantsare going to take over. You need to prime
the pump with creative ideas, and then youneed to have rigorous processes in place to
turn those ideas into dollars.
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Booz & Company15
Weve Got No Idea (continued)
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RevenueGrowth
5-yr. CAGR
EBITDA as% of Revenue
5-yr. Avg.
MarketCap Growth5-yr. CAGR
i
Normalized Performanceof Industry Peers: 50%
Highest Possible Score: 100%
Lowest Possible Score: 0%
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49%
58%56%60%
42%
50%
Marginally EffectiveStrongly Effective
FINANCIAL COMPARISON OF
IDEA CONVERSION PERFORMANCE
54%52%50%
65%
45%46%
Marginally EffectiveStrongly Effective
FINANCIAL COMPARISON OF
IDEA GENERATION PERFORMANCE
RevenueGrowth
5-yr. CAGR
EBITDA as% of Revenue
5-yr. Avg.
MarketCap Growth5-yr. CAGR
Most of the 25 percent of survey respondents who said their companies were highly
effective at both ideation and conversion also reported that they outperformed their
peers on three important nancial measuresrevenue growth, market cap growth, and
EBITDA as a percentage of revenue.
This correlation between effectiveness at the early stages of innovation and superior
nancial performance is a worrisome nding for the many companies that struggle at
the front end.
Financial Success vs. Idea-Generation Performance
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Booz & Company16
Conversion Isnt EasyMajority of Ideas Dont Take Off
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PERCENTAGE OF IDEAS THAT MOVE TO DEVELOPMENT AND FULL COMMERCIALIZATION
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70%100% of ideas
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Approximately what percentage of yourorganizations ideas become product
or service concepts that move tofull development projects?
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12%23%
38%
33%
49%43%
Approximately what percentage of yourorganizations product or service
development projects arelaunched into the market?
30%60% of ideas
1%20% of ideas
70%100% of ideas
30%60% of ideas
1%20% of ideas
The process of choosing which ideas to convert to full-scale product development is
perhaps even more critical to a companys innovation success than the actual generation
of ideas. The conversion stage is the point at which companies use all the processes and
tools at their command to decide whether a given idea in the pipeline is a go or a no-go for a full-scale commercialization project. In the view of many innovation experts,
this is where the most value is added.
Nearly half of respondents reported that fewer than 20 percent of their projects were
converted to full development projects.
Of the projects that do move to full development, fewer than 20 percent are converted
into commercialized projects, according to 43 percent of survey respondents.
Survey results show that the smaller companies in the Global Innovation 1000 (those
ranked 101-1000) rank themselves twice as effective at the twice as effective at the
conversion stage as the top 100 spenderslikely due to these organizations having an
easier time converting ideas since they are smaller, more focused organizations.
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Booz & Company17
Darlene Solomon, chief technologyofcer of the measurement company
Agilent Technologies: In managing the
conversion funnel, were constantly askingourselves, What have we learned about
the technology that makes it more orless attractive than a year ago?
What have we learned about the marketand the competition that might help usdecide whether the technology is even
more valuable or more of a me-tootechnology now? Whats changed within
Agilent in terms of our business priorities,and how might this inuence whether
this is something that we want tocontinue investing in?
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Booz & Company18
Tried and True Rules
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TOP 5 RANKING FOR WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING TOOLS AND MECHANISMS,IF ANY, DOES YOUR ORGANIZATION USE TO GENERATE NEW IDEAS?
ALL RESPONDENTS (N = 685)
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15%
18%19%
22%
31%
42%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
All other categories(
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Tried and True Rules (continued)
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INDUSTRY BREAKOUT OF RESPONDENTS RANKING SOCIAL NETWORKSWITHIN THE TWO MOST USED TOOLS FOR GENERATING IDEAS
0%
5%
10%
15%
Recoded Mean
Chemicalsand Energy
ConsumerComputingand
Electronics
2%
0%
10%
Healthcare
11%
Software andInternet
15%
IndustrialsAuto Telecom Aerospaceand Defense
3%3%
6%
7%
Average Across Industries >10%
Social Networks were ranked among the least commonly used "tools and mecha-
nisms" for generating ideas; fewer than 10 percent of respondents ranked it among
their top tools for idea generation.
Highly engineered products industries like Auto, Industrials, and Aerospace and
Defense were the least likely to use these mechanisms.
Social Networks are the least inuential idea generation mechanisms for engineered products industries like Auto, Industrials, and Aerospace
and Defense
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Booz & Company20
Innovation Strategy Models
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INNOVATION STRATEGY MODELS
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Need Seekers, such as Apple and Procter & Gamble, make a point of engagingcustomers directly to generate new ideas and help shape new products andservices based on superior end-user understanding. Their goal: to seek outboth articulated and unarticulated needs, and then to try to get their newproducts to market first.
NEED SEEKERS
MARKET READERS
TECHNOLOGY DRIVERS
Market Readers, such as Hyundai and Caterpillar, use a variety of means togenerate ideas by closely monitoring their markets, customers, and competitors,focusing largely on creating value through incremental innovations to their products.This implies a more cautious approach, one that depends on being fast followersin the marketplace.
Technology Drivers, such as Google and Bosch, depend more on their internaltechnological capabilities to develop new products and services, leveraging theirR&D investments to drive both breakthrough innovation and incremental change,in hopes of meeting the known and unknown needs of their customers vianew technology.
Respondents from companies identied as following a Need Seekers strategy reported to
be the most effective among the strategy models at both the idea-generation and conversion
stages.- A full 50 percent of Need Seekers reported being highly effective at both.
- Just 12 percent of Market Readers and 20 percent of Technology Drivers reported
being highly effective at both.
It is important to remember that companies can signicantly outperform their peers no
matter which of the three strategies they follow. A far more critical factor is how well they
follow their chosen innovation strategy. Companies that align their innovation strategy to
their business strategy, capabilities, internal cultural support for innovation, and front-end
processes have a distinct advantage in the race for new ideas, products, and services.
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FRONT-END TOOLS, MECHANISMS, AND STRUCTURES EMPLOYED BY COMPANIES
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Top Ranked Front-EndMechanisms- Idea Work-out Sessions- End-user focus groupsTop Ranked Internal Network Structure- Focused Technical InnovationNetworks across the business
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Need Seekers
All Three
Market Readers
Tech Drivers
No distinct difference inExternal networks by strategy model
Top RankedFront-End Mechanisms- Technology Road-mapping- Meetings w/ ExternalTechnical Community
Top Ranked InternalNetwork Structures- IT Collaboration Tools- Facilities Layout
Top Ranked Front-End Mechanism- Direct Customer ObservationTop Ranked Internal Network Structures- Innovation Champions- Cross-unit Staffing (non-rotational)Top Ranked External Network Structures- Customers- Channel Partners & Suppliers
Top Ranked Front-End Mechanisms- Sales & Customer Support Feedback- Traditional Market Research
Top Ranked Internal Network Structures- Communities of Practice- Organized Conferences w/Technical staff
Five years ago, Booz & Companys research showed that nearly every company follows one of three fundamental innovation strategy
modelsthey are Need Seekers, Market Readers, and Technology Driversand each model has its own distinct approach to the innovation
process and to the customers and markets the companies serve.
The types of techniques and tools companies employ to convert ideas depend in large part on
each companys innovation strategy.
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Booz & Company21
Booz & Company identied the 1,000 public companies around the world that spent the
most on research and development in 2011 (companies for which public data on R&D
spending was available). To be included, companies had to make data on their R&D
spending public; all analysis is based on the most recent annual nancial data published
as of June 30, 2012. Subsidiaries that were more than 50 percent owned by a single
corporate parent were excluded if their nancial results were included in the parent com-
panys nancials. This is the same approach used in the previous seven years in which the
study was conducted.
Booz & Company analyzed key nancial metrics for each of the top 1,000 companies
over the past decadeincluding sales, gross prot, operating prot, net prot, R&D
expenditure, and market capitalization. All foreign currency sales and R&D expenditure
gures prior to 2011 were translated into U.S. dollars according to the average exchange
rate in 2011.
Each company was coded into one of nine industry sectors (or other) according to
Bloombergs industry designations and into one of ve regions as determined by each
companys reported headquarters location. To enable meaningful comparisons across
industries, Booz & Company indexed the R&D spending levels and nancial perfor-
mance metrics for each company against the industry groups median values. Figures fortotal shareholder return were gathered and adjusted to reect each companys total share-
holder return in its local market and to control for local market performance uctuations.
Booz & Company conducted a separate online survey of nearly 700 innovation leaders in
companies around the world to explore how companies employ various tools, processes,
mechanisms, and networks in the front-end phases of innovation as they relate to suc-
cessful innovation and nancial performance. Survey respondents were also asked a series
of questions to help classify their companies into one of our three innovation strategy
models: Need Seekers, Market Readers, or Technology Drivers. The classication
of each company into one of these three models is based on an algorithm applied to their
answers to our four proling questions.
METHODOLOGY
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