Date post: | 06-Jul-2018 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | zaka-ziggie |
View: | 226 times |
Download: | 0 times |
of 30
8/17/2019 Bovine Abortion.ppt
1/30
BOVINE ABORTIONS
Prepared by
Dr. Drh. PRABOWO PURWONO PUTRO, M.Phil.
International Bovine Reproductive Courses for
Developing countries
Funded by JICA
August, 200
8/17/2019 Bovine Abortion.ppt
2/30
Causes of Abortion
!on"infectious
Infectious
#iral
Bacterial
Proto$oal
%ycotic
http://www.vet.ed.ac.uk/images/clinical-rotations-services/cow-calf-afterbirth.jpghttp://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/1053/40004556.JPGhttp://www.biteglobalwarming.org/images/cowbrownclose2.jpg
8/17/2019 Bovine Abortion.ppt
3/30
8/17/2019 Bovine Abortion.ppt
4/30
Non-Infectious Abortions
enetic &'bryonic 'ortality
Fetal ano'alies
Miscellaneous Fetal 'u''ification
Fetal 'aceration (terine torsion
(terine rupture
8/17/2019 Bovine Abortion.ppt
5/30
Non-Infectious Abortion
Pine Nee!le Abortion
Ingestion of needles fro' t)e Ponderosa pine tree *Pinus ponderosa+ can result in t)ird tri'ester abortion Feeding
)ig) levels of protein increases pine needle consu'ption-)e e.act abortive principle )as not been identified as of
yet, but )as been found to produce profound constriction ofcaruncular arterial beds resulting in progressive reductionin uterine blood flo/ causing pre'ature parturition /it)nor'al prepartu' c)anges in steroid secretion
Retained placenta and endo'etritis are co''on seuelae
Prevention reuires isolation of cattle fro' areascontaining pine needles
http://www.ars.usda.gov/sp2UserFiles/Place/54282000/Images/ponderosa1.gif
8/17/2019 Bovine Abortion.ppt
6/30
Non-Infectious Abortions
"oco#ee! to$icosis Astragalus and Oxytropis are t)e 'ost co''on species
affecting cattle and can result in a /ide range of
reproductive defects including abortion, teratogenesis,)ydrops annuii, )ydrops allantois, deficient uterine andplacental vascular develop'ent, decreased cotyledonarydevelop'ent, decreased conception, reduced libido, andlo/ sper' production Abortion can occur at any stage of gestation follo/ing
continuous consu'ption for 1 to /ee3s-)e to.ic principle is t)e indoli$idine al3aloid
s/ainsonine It causes increased perip)eral vascularresistance in t)e fetus resulting in )eart failure, deat),and abortion
8/17/2019 Bovine Abortion.ppt
7/30
Non-Infectious Abortions
Nitrate to$icosis
!itrate to.icity can result fro' cattle ingesting nitrate
accu'ulating plants or )eavily fertili$ed pastures andcan cause abortion in late gestation co/s
-)e nitrate accu'ulates in t)e ru'en /)ere it is reducedby 'icrobes into nitrite -)e nitrite is absorbed into t)ebloodstrea' /)ere it o.idi$es nor'al ferrous)e'oglobin to t)e ferric state, for'ing 'et)e'oglobinPlacental transfer of o.ygen is severely reduced,resulting in fetal )ypo.ia and deat) -)e )ypo.ia alsocauses increases of fetal cortisol and adrenocorticotropic)or'one /)ic) can contribute to abortion
http://www.spokane.wsu.edu/academic/engineering/Rumsey/Mortz/dynamite.jpg
8/17/2019 Bovine Abortion.ppt
8/30
Non-Infectious Abortions Other %lants&
4oldenrod, Jo)nson grass, 5e'loc3, etc
Corticosteroi!s&Iatrogenic abortion can occur /it) steroid ad'inistration during
t)e last 'ont) of gestation
'o!iu( Io!i!e&Its use is avoided in pregnant co/s because of t)e t)reat of
abortion, but t)is )as not been proved e.peri'entally
Nutrition&Rarely a cause of abortion 6ong standing vita'in A deficiency
can result in abortion, /ea3 calves, and retained placentas.
'tress
8/17/2019 Bovine Abortion.ppt
9/30
)iral Abortions
Infectious Bo*ine Rhinotracheitis +IBR-bo*ine her%es *irus
Reproductive for' is spread in secretions fro'reproductive organs7ften persists latently in t)e trige'inal ganglia but
s)edding can be induced by stress or steroid in8ectionContagious aerosol Abortion usually occurs during t)e second to t)ird
tri'ester /it) autolysis of t)e fetus in 29"90: ofinfected ani'alsDisease is best controlled by vaccination %odified live
vaccines WI"" cause abortion A 3illed vaccine isavailable for vaccination of pregnant co/s
http://www.selectvac.com/images/CM-Gold.jpghttp://www.selectvac.com/images/BS-Gold.jpg
8/17/2019 Bovine Abortion.ppt
10/30
8/17/2019 Bovine Abortion.ppt
11/30
8/17/2019 Bovine Abortion.ppt
12/30
Infectious factor
Co((on na(es
Abortion rate Abortion ti(in Recurrence ofabortion
)iral
Bo*ine )iralDiarrhoea )irusB)D-MD
(sually lo/ Co'ple. pat)ology Abortion usually up to 1'ont)s
(nco''on i''unitydevelops
Bo*ine/er%es*irus
t0%e I +B/) IInfectiousBo*inerhinotracheitis*irus +IBR)IBRIBR-IP)
9"0:in non
vaccinated)erds
Possibly any stage but'ost co''on
fro' 1 'ont)s to ter'
(nco''on i''unity
develops
1%i2ooticBo*ine Abortion3oothillAbortion
Can reac)=9:6i'ited 'ainlyto California int)e (;
(sually in t)e lasttri'ester
(nli3ely
8/17/2019 Bovine Abortion.ppt
13/30
Proto2oal Abortions
Neospora canina6ife cycle is un3no/n but is believed to be si'ilar to
Toxoplasma gondii resulting in ingestion of oocysts in
fecal conta'inated feed by carnivores
-ransplacental
Abortion occurs bet/een >"? 'ont)s of gestation
Co''on fetal lesions include 'ultifocal, necrotic, non"supportive encep)alitis /it) 'ononuclear 'yositis and
'yocarditis
Da' trans'its to offspring for several generations
http://www.anri.barc.usda.gov/pbel/images/neospora_parasite1.jpghttp://www.ksu.edu/parasitology/625tutorials/FIGbrain2.jpg
8/17/2019 Bovine Abortion.ppt
14/30
8/17/2019 Bovine Abortion.ppt
15/30
Proto2oal Abortions
Trichomoniasis (Trichomonas fetus)
#enereal trans'ission @ pyo'etra
Abortion in st tri'ester
Repeat breeding
If abortion occurs in later gestation, diagnosis 'ay be
'ade by 'icroscopic e.a'ination of fetal sto'ac)
contents
http://www.moondragon.org/images/trichomoniasis.jpghttp://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/PHR/TRICH_LAB/t_foetus.jpg
8/17/2019 Bovine Abortion.ppt
16/30
Infectious factor
Co((on na(es
Abortion rate Abortion ti(in Recurrence of abortion
Proto2oan
Tritrichomonas(Trichomonas)foetusTrichomoniasis
;poradic first )alf of gestation Ani'al gains i''unitybut probably not life"long
Neosporacaninum!eosporosis
5ig) in firstgestation and/)en infectionenters t)enave )erd
(p to >0: firstoutbrea3&n$ootic 9"0:
Any stage, but 'ostoften 9" 'ont)s
Decreases /it) parity butal/ays possible
8/17/2019 Bovine Abortion.ppt
17/30
M0cotic Abortions
%ost co''on agent causing abortion in bovine speciesis Aspergillus fumigatus.
-)e 'ost co''on route of infection is t)roug) t)erespiratory passages but can originate fro' t)egastrointestinal tract
0: abortion rate B(- 'ainly a placental disease
http://www.gefor.4t.com/concurso/hongos/aspergillusfumigatus3.jpghttp://www.vscht.cz/kch/galerie/obrazky/houby/asp14du.gifhttp://www.aspergillus.org.uk/secure/veterinary/fig24comp.jpg
8/17/2019 Bovine Abortion.ppt
18/30
M0cotic Abortions
Abortion can occur anyti'e after t)e t)ird 'ont) ofgestation, but usually occurs in late pregnancy and tends topea3 in t)e /inter and spring due to feeding of )ay, silage,and grain and t)e large nu'bers of calves being born at t)isti'e
Retained placenta is a co''on occurrence follo/ing'ycotic abortions
-)e fetus 'ay appear nor'al or s)o/ signs ofly'p)adenitis, de)ydration, e'aciation Ring/or'"li3e s3inlesions are very indicative of a 'ycotic etiology
Reproductive perfor'ance of cattle follo/ing 'ycoticabortions is usually not )indered because t)e organis' doesnot see' to persist in t)e reproductive tracts
http://www.moldbacteria.com/images/asperspores.gifhttp://www.saber.ula.ve/micosis/contenido/capitulo1/figuras/1-0009.jpg
8/17/2019 Bovine Abortion.ppt
19/30
Infectious factor
Co((on na(es
Abortion rate Abortion ti(in Recurrence of abortion
3unal
Aspergillus sp*0"?0:Mucor sp ,
Absidia , orRhiopus sp
(sually sporadicbut can reac) 9"0:
1 'ont)s toter''ost co''on
in /inter
%ay recur
8/17/2019 Bovine Abortion.ppt
20/30
Bacterial Abortions
Leptospira interrogans
-rans'ission can occur t)roug) urine conta'ination,placental and uterine disc)arges, transplacentally,venereally, or t)roug) 'il3 conta'ination Acute disease is usually 'anifested as (astitis C)ronic
disease is 'anifested as abortion, stillbirt), and t)e birt) ofpre'ature, /ea3 calves Abortion rate 29">0: " abortion and fetal deat) freuently
at ter';erovar )ard8o is associated /it) infertility, abortion *1
'ont)s to ter'+, and retained placenta ;erovar po'onais 'ost co''only associated /it) abortion in t)e t)irdtri'ester -etracycline can be used to treat acute infections#accines are available and t)e ris3 of feed conta'ination
reduced by li'iting contact /it) /ildlife and rodent
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.rivm.nl/infectieziektenbulletin/bul1308/leptospirendonkerveld.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.rivm.nl/infectieziektenbulletin/bul1308/leptosirose.html&h=214&w=300&sz=17&hl=en&start=56&um=1&tbnid=H-Waz-QtCWVpYM:&tbnh=83&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3DLeptospira%2Binterrogans%26start%3D40%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN
8/17/2019 Bovine Abortion.ppt
21/30
http://www.pasteur.fr/actu/presse/images/spirocoul1.jpghttp://www.spc.int/images/leptospira.jpg
8/17/2019 Bovine Abortion.ppt
22/30
Bacterial Abortions
Epizootic Bovine Aortion (EBA)(!oothi"" Aortion)
90s foot)ills of Central #alley of CA
&tiologic agent is not 3no/n but suspected organis'sinclude C)la'ydia psittaci and Borrelia burgdorferi It istrans'itted by t)e argasid tic3 Ornithodoros coriaceous.-)e abortions occur in late pregnancy /it) no clinical signs
seen in t)e da'?0: ani'als abort-)is disease is controlled by e.posing yearlings and open
t/o year old co/s to su''erti'e brus) areas /)ere t)etic3 is present and breeding in t)e fall A se(inal *esiculitis syndro'e in bulls is associated /it)
t)e sa'e area as epi$ootic bovine abortion
http://www.wadsworth.org/databank/hirez/hechemy2.gif
8/17/2019 Bovine Abortion.ppt
23/30
Bacterial Abortions
Listeria monoc#togenes
-rans'itted via conta'inated feed
-)is bacteria is a nor'al in)abitant of t)e soil and intestinal tract ofani'als -)e 'ost co''on 'ode of infection is ingestion, and isoften traced to feeding poorly cured silage in t)e /inter
-)e organis' invades t)e intestinal epit)eliu' and enters t)ebloodstrea' locali$ing in t)e placento'es and entering t)e a'nioticfluid -)e bacteria are aspirated and replicate in fetal organs
Abortions occur in t)e second )alf of gestation /it) t)e da' usuallynot de'onstrating any clinical signs of disease
!o vaccine is available
8/17/2019 Bovine Abortion.ppt
24/30
Bacterial Abortions
$amp#"oacter fetus (Virio fetus)
#enereal trans'ission Abortions at >"1 'ont)s gestation
9"0: abortion rate
%a8or cause of infertility
!o vaccine is available.
8/17/2019 Bovine Abortion.ppt
25/30
8/17/2019 Bovine Abortion.ppt
26/30
Bacterial Abortions
7t)er bacteria t)at )ave been found to causeabortion in cattle includeMycoplasma spp
!reaplasma spp
"almonella
#aemophilus somnus
$hlamydia
%R!$&''A spp.
Infectious factor Abortion rate Abortion ti(in Recurrence of
8/17/2019 Bovine Abortion.ppt
27/30
Infectious factorCo((on na(es
Abortion rate Abortion ti(in Recurrence ofabortion
Bacterial
%rucella abortusBrucellosisBangs diseaseEoonosis
(p to ?0: ofunvaccinatedani'als infectedin st or 2ndtri'ester
" 'ont)s Abortion orstillbirt) 2 /3 to 9'o after infection
%a8ority abort onlyonce
$ampylobacter fetus enerealis#ibriosis
0: 9"? 'ont)s (nco''on,convalescent co/sresistant to infection
$ fetus fetus$ euni
;poradic 1" 'ont)s (nco''on,convalescent co/sresistant to infection
'eptospira interrogans serovars grippotyphosa
pomona, hardo, canicola,icterohaemorrhagiae*oonosis
9"10: 6ast tri'ester Abortion 2"9
/ee3s afterinfection
I''unity to t)eserotype causing
abortion butsensitive to ot)ertypes
'isteria monocytogenes Eoonosis (sually sporadicbut can reac) 6ast tri'ester %ay recur
8/17/2019 Bovine Abortion.ppt
28/30
3iel! Necro%s0
Piece of placenta if possibleRe'e'ber t)is is conta'inated /it) environ'ental
organis's
Fetal tissuesPiece of fetal lung
Piece of fetal liver and spleen
Abo'asal fluid
8/17/2019 Bovine Abortion.ppt
29/30
Direct Obser*ation
Placental All loo3 si'ilar @ can not tell /)at agent caused
placentitis
Fetal All fetuses loo3 si'ilar @ can not tell /)at agent
caused t)e abortion
&.ception @ so'eti'es ring/or' li3e lesions due to
fungal infections on t)e s3in
8/17/2019 Bovine Abortion.ppt
30/30
Thank you very much for your kind
attention!