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Lecture 26 The Brachial Plexus Cleyson Mupfiga
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Lecture 26
The Brachial Plexus
Cleyson Mupfiga
Cleyson Mupfiga HUB117 2011 2
Spinal Nerves
Dorsalbranch
Ventral
branch
Spinalnerve
Spinal nerve
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Spinal Nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves are attached to the spinal cord. 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal
Each spinal nerve divides into a dorsal and ventral ramus.
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Brachial Plexus
The brachial plexus is a network of nerves formed by the union of the anterior rami (branches) of C5 – C8 & T1 spinal nerves.
It originates in the neck, passes laterally & inferiorly over the first rib & enters the axilla (arm pit).
All major nerves of the upper limb originate from parts of the brachial plexus.
Divided into ROOTS, TRUNKS, DIVISIONS, and CORDS. BRANCHES emerge to supply the upper limb.
Brachial Plexus
Brachial Plexus
Lateral Cervical Region (Posterior Triangle)
ROOTS
DIVISIONS
TRUNKS
CORDS
BRANCHES
Robert Trucker Drinks Cold Beer
ROOTS
C7
TRUNKS
DIVISIONS
CORDS
MEDIAL
POSTERIOR
LATERAL
MIDDLE
LOWER
UPPER
C5
C6
C8
T1
Upper
Middle
Lower
Lateral
Medial
Radial
Posterior
Median
T1
C8
C7
C5
C6
Ulnar
Axillary
Musculo
cutaneou
s
ROOTS
DIVISIONS
TRUNKS
CORDS
BRANCHES
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Brachial Plexus
Brachial Plexus
Clavicle
Arm
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Brachial Plexus
Major nerves: Axillary Radial Musculocutaneo
us Ulnar Median
Cleyson Mupfiga HUB117 2011 10
Axillary Nerve
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Radial Nerve
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Musculocutaneous Nerve
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Ulnar Nerve
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Median Nerve
Upper
Middle Trunks
Lower
Roots (ventral rami):
Upper subscapular
Lower subscapular
Thoracodorsal
Medial cutaneousnerves of the armand forearm
Long thoracic
Medial pectoral
Lateral pectoral
Nerve to subclavius
Suprascapular
Dorsal scapular
Posteriordivisions
Anteriordivisions
Lateral
PosteriorCords
Medial
Axillary
Musculo-cutaneousRadial
Median
Ulnar
Posteriordivisions
Trunks Roots
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
T1
(a) Roots (rami C5 – T1), trunks, divisions, and cords
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Brachial Plexus Injuries
Upper brachial plexus injuries: “waiter’s tip position”
Lower brachial plexus injuries: short muscles of the hand are affected > “clawhand”
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Nerve Injury
Anaethesia: loss of sensation; may be pathological or induced to facilitate surgery or other medical treatment.Paraesthesia: abnormal sensation e.g. tingling or burning.
