Date post: | 17-May-2015 |
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BRAIN - MACHINE INTERFACE
TUHIN DAS
PRESENTED BY:-
What is Brain-Machine Interface?
It is a collaboration in which a brain accepts and controls a mechanical device as a natural part of its representation of the body
By reading signals from an array of neurons and using computer chips and programs to translate the signals into action, scientists hope it will be possible for a person suffering from paralysis to control a motorized wheelchair or a prosthetic limb by just thinking about it
Concept of brain gate
The BrainGate system is a neuromotor prosthetic device consisting of an array of one hundred silicon microelectrodes, each of which is 1mm long and thinner than a human hair. The electrodes are arranged less than half a millimetre apart on the array, which is attached to a 13cm-long cable ribbon cable connecting it to a computer
Biological inspiration
Dendrites
Soma (cell body)
Axon
Biological inspiration
synapses
axon dendrites
The information transmission happens at the synapses.
Artificial neurons
Neurons work by processing information. They receive and provide information in form of spikes.
The McCullogh-Pitts model
Inputs
Outputw2
w1
w3
wn
wn-1
. . .
x1
x2
x3
…
xn-1
xn
y)(;
1
zHyxwzn
iii
Artificial neurons
Nonlinear generalization of the McCullogh-Pitts neuron:
),( wxfy y is the neuron’s output, x is the vector of inputs, and w is the vector of synaptic weights.
Examples:sigmoidal neuron
Gaussian neuron2
2
2
||||
1
1
a
wx
axw
ey
ey T
Neural network mathematics
Neural network: input / output transformation
),( WxFyout
W is the matrix of all weight vectors.
Cortical neural signal extraction: non-invasive vs. invasive recording
EEG Rhythms β and μ, P300, Slow cortical
potential (SCP) Sampling rate 200-1000Hz, # of channels, from 1 or 2 to 128 or 256
Electrodes Bioactive, allowing growth of nerve, or bio-
inactive multiple mircowires or multichannel electrode arrays
Superficial motor areas or deep brain structures
Primary motor, parietal, premotor, frontoparietal, basal ganglia
HOMONCULUS: The little guy
(d) Imagery is associated with decrease in µ (8–12 Hz) and β (18–26 Hz) bands.
imagining saying the word ‘move’
resting
A brain–computer interface using electrocorticographic signals in humans*Leuthardt et al 2004 J. Neural Eng. 1 63-71
Cortical neural signal extraction: ECoG
CONTROLLING OF MACHINE :- BY HUMAN BRAIN
Directional control
Neural Interface Neural SignalsSignal Processing
Algorithms/Command Extraction
Sensors
Control Command
Vehicle State Signal
Vehicle
Environmental Feedback
The Brain-Controlled Vehicle
Application It can help to restore any loss of
senses 1.sense of vision2.sense of hearing3.sense of movementcreation of human robotsCreation of detective rats
Biggest reward
On 7th november 2009 toyota launched it’s wheel chair that works on thought
It has a reaction time of 123 milliseconds
THANK YOU…..