BRAINS Driver English Book (1)

7/25/2019 BRAINS Driver English Book (1)

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Opis/ Cuprins

The alphabet / Alfabet................................................................................

Numbers / Numerele .................................................................................

Ordinal Numbers / numere ordinale..............................................................Numeracy / aritmetica ...............................................................................

Time / ceas..............................................................................................

Week days, months, seasons of the year / zilele saptamanii, lunile, anotimpurile anului

Dates / date.............................................................................................

Prepositions / prepozitii .............................................................................

Questions on a subject / intrebari.................................................................

Detailed questions / intrebari detaliate

..........................................................The verb to be / verbul a fi.....................................................................

The verb to have / verbul a avea..............................................................

Modal verbs / verbele modale......................................................................

Possesive adjectives / adjective posesive.......................................................

Possesive pronouns / pronume posesive........................................................

Plural nouns / pluralul substantivelor............................................................

Saxon Genitive / Genitivul englezesc.............................................................

Articles / Articole......................................................................................Prepositions of place / Prepozitii de loc..........................................................

Comparison of adjectives / Compararea adjectivelor.........................................

Tenses / Timpurile (verbelor)......................................................................

Passive voice Diateza pasiva (raport dintre subiect si actiunea verbului)...............

Sequence of tenses / Concordanta timpurilor..................................................

Reported Speech / vorbire indirecta..............................................................

Irregular verbs / verbe neregulate

................................................................Modes of address / moduri de adresare .........................................................

Education / Educatie/studii.........................................................................

Employment and Profession / experienta profesionala......................................

Nationalities / nationalitati .........................................................................

Border crossing / Punct de trecere a frontierei................................................

Family / familie ........................................................................................

Music / Muzica..........................................................................................

Sports and games / sporturi si jocuri.............................................................At a train station / la o statie de tren............................................................


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At a job center / la o agentie de plasare a fortei de munca...................................

Cinema /Cinema.....................................................................................................

Plants / plante .......................................................................................................

Making friends / cum sa iti faci prieteni.................................................................. Talking about weather / vorbind despre vreme.....................................................

Parts of a body / partile corpului...........................................................................

Clothes and accessories / haine si accesorii..........................................................

Colours / culori.......................................................................................................

At home / acasa...................................................................................................

Travelling by bus / calatorind cu autobuzul..........................................................

Giving instructions/ cum sa dai instructiuni............................................................

Asking for information/ cum sa ceri o informatie....................................................Making telephone calls / efectuarea de apeluri telefonice......................................

First aid/ primul ajutor........................................................................................

At the hospital / la spital......................................................................................

A report of investigation / Raportul investigatiei....................................................

Stressful situations on a bus / situatii stresante in autobuz.................................

At the bank / la banca...........................................................................................

Road signs / semen de circulatie............................................................................ The inside of a car / interiorul unei masini.............................................................

Your bus / autobuzul tau........................................................................................

Breakdowns/ accidente/daramari.........................................................................

Repairs/ Reparatii..................................................................................................

Technical dictionary/ dictionar tehnic............................................................

Interview questions - Part I intrebari interviu - partea I.................................

Interview questions - Part II / intrebari interviu - partea II..............................

Interview questions- Part III intrebari interviu - partea I..............................

Frequent interview questions / Intrebari frecvente......................................

Questions about situations / intrebari despre situatii............................................


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The alphabet / Alfabet

A [ej] B [bi:] C [si:] D [di:] E [i:] F [ef]

G [di:] H [ejd] I [aj] J [dej] K [kej] L [el]M [em] N [en] O [o] P [pi:] Q [kju] R [ar:]S [es] T [ti:] U [ju:] V [vi:] W [dablju:] X [ex]

Y [aj] Z [zet]

Numbers / numere

1 - One2 - Two3 - Three4 - Four5 - Five6 - Six7 - Seven8 - Eight9 - Nine

10 - Ten

21 - Twenty one22 - Twenty two23 - Twenty three24 - Twenty four25 - Twenty five26 - Twenty six27 - Twenty seven

28 - Twenty eight29 - Twenty nine30 - Thirty

1,000 - a thousand2,000 - two thousand

11 - Eleven12 - Twelve13 - Thirteen14 - Fourteen

15 - Fifteen

16 - Sixteen17 - Seventeen18 - Eighteen

19 - Nineteen20 - Twenty

40 - Forty50 - Fifty

60 - Sixty

70 - Seventy

80 - Eighty

90 - Ninety100 - a hundred101 - One hundred andone167 - One hundred andsixty-seven200 - Two hundred

1,000,000 - a milion2,000,000 - two million


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Telephone numbers: numere de telefonWhats your telephone number?Care este numarul tau de telefon?My telephone number is 01206 530777. Numarul meu de telefon este.My telephone number is 01205 744322.My telephone number is 44 791 92 88 421.

My telephone number is 01865 247023.My telephone number is 01235 601107.My telephone number is 0 502 763 367.

Ordinal Numbers / numerele ordinale

1 -primul the first 20- lea the twentieth2 -lea the second 21- lea the twenty-first3 - lea the third 22- lea the twenty-second4 - lea the fourth 23- lea the twenty-third5 - lea the fifth 24- lea the twenty-fourth6 - lea the sixth 25- lea the twenty-fifth7 - lea the seventh 26- lea the twenty-sixth8 - lea the eighth 27- lea the twenty-seventh9 - lea the ninth 28- lea the twenty-eight

10- lea the tenth 29- lea the twenty-ninth11- lea the eleventh 30- lea the thirtieth12- lea the twelfth 31- lea the thirty-first

Whats the total of the following:Care este totalul de la urmatoarele?

2 single tickets at 1,50 each and 2 return tickets at 3,10 (2 biletedus la 1,50 fiecare si 2 bilete dus-intors la 3,10)

1 ticket at 90 p and 3 tickets at 30 p un bilet de 90 p (pence) si 3bilete de 30 p (pence)

3 tickets, 55 p each 3 bilete de 55 p (pence) fiecare 2 one-day tickets at 2.20 each and one ticket toColchester at 65p 2

bilete de 1 zi la 2.20 fiecare si un bilet la Colchester la 65 p(pence)

Numeracy / aritmetica

Adding adunare

7,05 3,40 1,05 6,70+ 2,30 5,40 2,15 1,30


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6,65 2,20 1,80 2,00

Substracting scadere

_ 12,00 70,00 20,00 10,00 10,00 45,00 1, 50 3,30

Time / timp

[lector read by . clockwise] lectorul citeste in sensul acelor de ceasornic

twelve oclock ora 12eleven oclock ora 11

five to twelve12 fara 5

five minutes pasteleven11 si 5minute

a quater to twelve12 fara un sfert

a quater pasteleven 11si un sfert

twenty-five to twelvetwenty-five pasteleven11 si 25

12 fara 25half pasteleven 11 siumatateeleven thirty 11 si jumatate

oclock -oraa.m. -de la miezul noptii pana la ora 12p.m. -de la 12 pana la miezul noptiia quarter -sfert de ora, 15 minutepast -trecutto -pentru (data viitoare)hour -ora

I will come at 7 oclock. Voi veni la ora 7.7 a.m.- 7 dimineata (inainte de miezul zilei)7 p.m.- 7 seara

Whats the time? Cat e ceasul?- Its one oclock. Este ora 1- Its three oclock. Este ora 3

- Its ten minutes past five. Este 5 si 10 minute (zece minute trecute dinora5)- Its a quarter to one. Este ora 1 si un sfert


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- Its twenty - five past eleven. Este 11 si 25 (minute).- Its twenty - five to nine. Este ora 9 fara 25 (minute)- Its a quarter to one. Este ora 1 fara un sfert- Its five minutes to five. Este ora 5 fara 5 minute.- Its noon. Este miezul zilei

- Its about nine oclock. Este aproape ora 9.- Its past two. Este trecut de ora 2- Its almost twelve. Este aproape ora 12- Its just gone six. De abia a trecut de ora 6- It will be seven soon. Va fi ora 7 in curand.


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Whats the time?Cat e ceasul?

- 5 minutes past 5 is .............- 16 minutes past 2 is .............- 5 minutes before noon is .............

- 26 after midnight is .............- 2 minutes before 4 in the afternoon is .............

Week days, months, seasons of the year / zilele saptamanii, lunile sianotimpurile anului

Monday - luni Se scrie prima litera cu majusculeTuesday - martiWednesday - miercuri Inainte se pune prepozitia on:Thursday - joiFriday - vineri on Monday, on Tuesday, etc.Saturday - sambataSunday - duminica

January - ianuarie Se scrie prima litera cu majusculeFebruary - februarieMarch - martie Inainte se pune prepozitia in:

April - aprilieMay - mai in January, in February, etc.June - iunieJuly - iulie

August - augustSeptember - septembrie

October - octombrieNovember - noiembrieDecember - decembrie

Spring -primavara Se scrie cu litere miciSummer - vara Inainte se pune prepozitia in:

Autumn - toamnaWinter - iarna in summer, in winter


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Dates / Date

Data in engleza:

Se scrie: 4th March 1999Se citeste: the fourth of March nineteen ninety-nine

Se scrie: March 4th 1999Se citeste: March the fourth, nineteen ninety-nine

Inainte se pune prepozitia on.

Prepositions / prepozitii (pentru determinarea timpului)

After dupa after midnightdupa miezul noptiiAt la at five oclockla ora 5Before Inainte de before dinnerinainte de cinaBetween intre between eight and nineintre opt si

nouaby Anterior de by the 7th Julyanterior de 7 iulieduring In timpul during the warin timpul razboiuluifor pentru for two weekspentru 2 saptamanifrom Din data de from Sundayde duminicain in in Junein iunieon In data de on Mondayin data de duminicatill De la till 4 oclockde la ora 4

Questions on a subject / intrebari pe o tema

Intrebari despre entitate incepand de la.Who...? What...?

Intrebari despre entitate (cei din jur) create ca propozitii affirmative lapersoana a 3-a singular

Billy is driving. Billy conduce.

Who is driving? Cine conduce?A brake is used to stop a vehicle. O frana este folosita pentru a oprivehiculul.What is used to stop a vehicle? Ce este folosit pentru a opri vehiculul?


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Tom is repairing a bus. Tom repara (acum, in acest moment) autobuzul.Who is repairing a bus? Cine repara autobuzul?

Brakes do not work in a bus. Franele nu functioneaza in autobuz.What does not work in a bus?Ceni functio neaza in autobuz?


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Detailed questions / intrebari detaliate

The specific questions , ie . That require answers other than 'yes' or 'no') , at the beginning of sentences , before the first part of the ruling

additionally appear so . interrogative words ( How much ... Who ....,

Where ...., What .... ), for example .

ntrebrile specifice care necesita rspunsuri altele dect "da" sau"nu") , la nceputul frazei , nainte de prima parte a hotrrii aparsuplimentar cuvinte interogative ( Ct de mult ... Cine .... ,

his friend has passed a driving licence.

Prietenul sau a trecut (a obtinut) permisul de conducere.Whopassed the driving licence?Cine a trecut/ obtinut permisul de conducere?.

Bob will be starting a new career in Ireland.Bob va incepe o noua cariera in Irlanda.Where will Bob be starting a new career?Unde va incepe Bob o noua cariera?Henry is mending a broken tire.Henry repara o anvelopa Sparta.Whyis Henry mending a tire?De ce repara Henry o anvelopa?

The verb to be / verbul a fi

The verb 'to be' takes the following forms: In declarative sentences :Verbul " a fi" ia urmtoarele forme : n propoziii declarative :

[ lector reads horizontally ]

[ Lectorul citete orizontal ]


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I am a driver. We are Romanians.You are a teacher. You are Bulgarians.He is a student.

She is a wife. They are people.It is a dog.

Formalunga

Formascurta

Forma

lunga Formascurta

eu sunt I am I'm

NoiSunte

m We are We'reTu esti Youare You're Voi sunteti You are You're

el este He is He'sea este Sheis She's Ei sunt They are They'reEl(obiect) este It is It's


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The denials : Negarile:

[ lector reads horizontally ]

Eu Nu sunt I am not Noi Nu

sunte

m We are notTu Nuesti You are not Voi nu sunteti You are notEl Nueste He is notEa Nueste She is not ei nu sunt They are notEl - Nueste It is not

I am not a driver. We are not drivers.You are not a teacher. You are not teachers.He is not a student.She is not a wife. They are not people.It is not a dog.

In the question:

Sunt eu?Am I? Sunem noi? Are we?

esti tu?Are you? Sunteti Voi? Are you?

este el? Is he?este ea? Is she? Sunt Ei? Are they?este El(obiectul)? Is it?

Am I a driver?Are you a teacher?Is he a student?Is she a wife?Is it a dog?

Are we drivers?

Are you teachers?

Are they people?

Lets meet Bob. Sa il cunoastem / intalnim pe Bob.

Hello, I am Bob. I am forty years old. I am a taxi driver. I am a verydisciplined person.Buna, sunt Bob. Am 40 de ani. Sunt sofer de taxi. Sunt o persoana foartedisciplinata.

I am married. My wife is a teacher. Sunt casatorit. Sotia mea esteprofesoara.


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We are from Timisoara. It is 600 km from Bucharest. Timisoara is very beautiful.

We have got two children. They are twins. Our children are twelve years old.

Noi suntem din Timisoara. Este la o distanta de 600 km de Bucuresti.Timisoara este un oras foarte frumos.Noi avem 2 copii. Ei sunt gemeni.

Copiii au 12 ani.


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The verb to have/ verbul a avea

A avea = to have

a) have

I have a driving licence. Am permis de conducere.Do I have a driving licence? Am permis de conducere?I dont have a driving licence.Eu nu am permis deconducere.

b) have got, a obtine

I have got a driving licence. Eu am luat/am obtinut un permisde conducere.Have I got a driving licence?Am obtinut eu permis deconducere?I havent got a driving licence.Eu nu am obtinut un permis deconducere.

Modal verbs / verbe modale

Verbele modale cele mai frecvent utilizate sunt:

a) Can,in sensul de a fi capabil, a fi in masura sa:

I canspeak English.Pot sa vorbesc in engleza..

I canmend a broken tire.Pot repara un pneu spart..

- negatialui can poate ficant sau cannot.

I cantspeak English.Nu pot sa vorbesc engleza.

I cannotmend a broken tire.

Nu pot sa repar un pneu spart..

- forma la trecut este couldsau was/were able to.


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I couldspeak English.Am putut sa vorbesc engleza.

I was able tomend a broken tire.Am putut sa repar un pneu spart..


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b) Must:

Something smells awful. I mustopen the window.Ceva miroase urat. Trebuie sa deschid fereastra.

I am in England now. I mustspeak English.Eu sunt in Anglia acum. Trebuie sa vorbesc limba engleza..

- negatia estedo not have to (doesnt have to:

Little children do not have toworry about money.Copiii mici nu trebuie sa se ingrijoreze in legatura cu banii..

- negatia mustnt:

Little children mustntopen the door to strangers.Copiii mici nu trebuie sa deschida usa la straini..

You mustntdrink alcohol at work.Tu nu trebuie sa consume alcool la locul de munca..

Employees mustntbe rude to their customers.Angajatii nu trebuie sa fie nepoliticosi cu clientii lor..

c) :

The weather maybe quite fine tomorrow, actually.Vremea ar putea fi destul de buna maine, de fapt..

- negatia este may not.

That may notallow us to take a day off.Acest lucru/fapt ar putea sa nu ne permita sa ne luam o zilibera..

Will popularly recognized as the future tense , which is used to express theirown will or to inform decisions taken.

Vapopular recunoscut ca verb la viitor, care este folosit pentru a exprimapropria lor vointa sau pentru a informa asupra deciziilor luate.

I willhelp them tomorrow.Eu ii voi ajuta pe ei maine.


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Would It is mainly responsible for the construction of the conditional mood.

I wouldsell them tickets if they had money.Le-asvinde bilete daca ar avea bani..

Need, beyond the normal function of the verb , it can act as a modal verb butonly in negative sentences and questions. In these sentences will he acceptconsecutively meaning: ' redundant ... you do not need ' and ' if I have to ,whether it is necessary to ... ? 'Need, dincolo de funcia normal a verbului , se poate aciona ca un verbmodal , dar numai n propoziii negative i ntrebri . n aceste fraze el vaaccepta consecutiv sens : " redundant ... nu ai nevoie " i " dac am s , daceste necesar s ... ? "

You needntclean this room.Nu trebuiesa curatati aceasta camera.

Need I clean this room?Trebuie sa curat aceasta camera?

Possesive adjectives / adjective posesive

Possessive adjectivesindicate the state of having things by people .Adjectivele posesiveindica starea de posesie a lucrurilor de catre oameni.: my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their

my

yourhisheritsouryour

their...


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This is mybook. Aceasta este cartea mea..These are yourdaughters. Acestea sunt fiicele tale.This is hiscar. Aceasta este masina lui.This is herbag. Aceasta este masina lui..This is its(dogs) tail. Aceasra este coada lui.(caine)This is ourson. Acesta este fiul nostrum..This is yourjob. Acesta este locul lui de munca..This is theirhouse. Aceasta este casa lor.

Examples:This is mybus. Acesta este autobuzul meu.These are yourtools. Acestea sunt uneltele tale.This is hisjob. Acesta este jobul lui.This is ourresponsibility.

Aceasta este responsabilitatea noastra.18

Possesive pronouns / Pronume posesiv.

Possessive pronounsas possessive adjectives describe affiliation. Thedifference in their use lies in the fact that the possessive pronoun used insteadof a noun , while there is a possessive adjective before a noun .

We use

This book is mine. Aceasta carte este a mea..insteadnoun These daughters are yours. Aceste fiice sunt ale voastre.Mine This car is his. Aceasta masina este a lui..

This bag is hers. Aceasta poseta este a ei..YoursHis

This son is ours. Acest fiu este al nostru.Hers

This job is yours.Acest loc de munca este al

vostru..This house is theirs. Aceasta casa este a lor..

OursToursTheirs

Examples:This bus is mine. Mine is white.

These tools are yours. Yours are there.This job is his. His is very hard.

This mobile is ours. Ours is quite new.This town is theirs. Theirs is small.


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[lectorul citeste vertical]

I You He She It We You TheyWho?

subjectWha?

whomMe you Him her it us you them what? genitive

who?pronoun

My your His her its our your theirwhose? before

n nounpronoun

mine yours His hers - ours yours theirswhose? on

noun19

Exercise: choose the correct word / gasiti cuvantul corect:

1. These are your/yours tools.2. My/mine uniform is blue.3. This job is my/mine.4. This is their/theirs car.

5. This is your/yours way.6. This is her/hers bus stop.7. This is our/ours job.

Exercise: finish the sentences with the right possesive pronouns/termina propozitiile cu pronumele posesiv corect:

1. I dont know this man. Do you know ...... ? (he)2. This book is mine and that one is ...........? (she)

3. Im talking to you. Listen to ..................? (I)4. Our school is bigger than.......................? (they)5. Your room is nicer than.......................... (I)6. Their car is faster than........................... (we)

Exercise: translate into English/ traduceti in limba engleza

1. Aceste bagaje sunt ale noastre.2. O cunosti (pe ea)?3. Acesta este sotul meu.

4. Spune-mi despre acesta (acest lucru).5. Da-I lui cheia.6. Aceasta este masina lor.


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Plural nouns / pluralul substantivelor

Principiile de formare ale pluralului substantivelor sunt urmatoarele:

a) the general rule is that in order to form the plural of the noun belongs to

a singular noun add the lettersregula generala de formare a pluralului substantivelor spune ca lasingularul substantivului se adauga litera s

a car cars a job jobsa son sons a school schools

b) if the noms Ends in the letters: - chs ssshx, then thePlural noms ending is: -es:

a bus buses an address adressesa boss bosses a clutch clutches

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c) when the noms ends with letter - e:

a bridge bridges

d) when the noms ends with -fthe plural end with ves:

a wife wives

e) when the singular noms ends with - y, the plural gets the ending: ies:

a city cities

f) There are also nouns that completely alter the character in the plural ,eg,:

a man mena woman womena child childrena mouse micea foot feeta tooth teeth

g) Part of nouns has the same character in plural as in the singular:

fish fish / fishsheep sheep / sheepfruit fruit / fruit


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h) When assemblies are prepositions or adjectives that plural forms a littledifferently , let's look:

a son-in-law sons-in-lawa passer-by passers-by

i) Nouns that exist only in the plural:

trousers pantalonijeans jeansshorts pantaloni scurtiscissors foarfececlothes haine

j) Nouns that even though in appearance resemble the plural , but they

have a singular meaning this:

newspolitics


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Saxon Genitive / genitivul englezesc

Complementin the English language has two forms:

1. complement of, used onlyin the case of objects , such as:

I would like to buy a litre ofmilk.As vrea sa cumpar un litru delapte.

2. or complement Saxon ( -'s ), which will now be described .

I. The Saxon genitive singular takes the form of ' -s'and can be used to:

a) living beings ; in the singular we create it by adding the ending-s

This is the catsfood.Aceasta este mancarea pisicii.

b) persons ; singular create it and adding -s, e.g. :

This is the driversresponsibility.

Aceasta este responsabilitatea soferului..

II. Saxon genitive plural , if the noun in the plural regularly ends in -s, formed byadding the ending - ' , let us compare:

First I saw a boy and then I saw the boysparents.Prima data am vazut baiatul. Apoi am vazut parintii baiatului ..(boy- la singular)

First I saw three boys and then I saw the boysparents.Prima data am vazut trei baieti si apoi am vazut parintiibaiet i lor .(boysla plural)

Articles / Articole

Here is some basic information about the articles:


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1. the indefinite article 'a' ( ' an ' ) is always a one , so that there is onlycountable , and only in the singular. We use it:

before singular nouns (meaning :a, an one exemple of the many):a dog, a girl, a car, a bus

if there the noun with the adjective, then there before them: a big girl,

a huge bus

2. The definite article 'the ' use:

- when we talk about a specific person / thing:The boy I see there...Baiatul pe care il vad acolo...

to describe things one unique:The only true religion

Singura religie adevarata- ften with the things described by the highest level of the adjective , eg,.

The best employee we have ever had.Cel mai bun angajat pe care l-am avut vreodata.

3. Do not use the indefinite article 'a' ( ' n ' ):

before and after the pronouns : possessive (his dog), showing (thisdog), the Saxon genitive (Mareks dog)

before countable plural (dogs)before uncountable noms (oil, material, honey)before abstract noms (love, democracy, heaven, hell)when we talk the elements of a certain group: Catholics believe in God,

American footballers wear a lot of protective clothesbefore the title, after which there is a name: President Clinton, Queen

Elizabeth

Prepositions of place / prepozitii de loc

above - peste, mai susacross - peste (a ajunge pe parcea cealalta pe inaltime)against - in fata, de, in , pentru, impotrivaalong - de-alungulamong - printer (se refera la numarul mare de personae, obiecte)at - labehind - in spatelebelow - subbeside - pe langa, langabetween intre (doua personae / obiecte)beyond - dicolo de, mai presus de,by - de, pe, prin


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down - josin - inin front of -inainte, in fatainside - inauntruinto - in inspre (centru, interior)

next to - langanear - aproape deon - peonto - pe (partea de sus, suprafata de lucru)out of - in afara, dinoutside - exterior, din afaraover - pesteround - in jurulthrough - prin, deto -la, catretowards - spre, inspreunder - sub (ceva)within - in, in interiorul, inauntru


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Examples:

I am in front ofthe picture.The apples are in front ofthe plant.The plant is onthe table.

The lemons are onthe table.The picture is onthe wall.The chairs are besidethe table.The chairs are inthe room.The table is betweenthe blue chairs.The two apples are betweenthe two cups.The picture is abovethe table.The picture is overthe table.The apples are next toeach other.

The table is placed againstthe wall.

I drove acrossthe city.I like spending my free time at homewith my family.There is a strong connection betweenme and myfamily. I live inPoznan.I live atOgrodowa Street.I drove tomany places in my city many times.The bus stop is at the bottom/at the top ofthe

street. The bus stop is downthe road.

Comparison of adjectives / compararea adjectivelor

The adjectivein the English language is characterized by three stagesand three different ways of grading (regular , irregular and descriptive ) .

Adjective in English is done by:

a. adding the ending -erto create a higher degree of adaugatiterminatiaer pentru a crea un grad mai mare

small mic smallerlong lung longerwarm cald warmerweak slab weakerstrong tare stronger


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b . adding the ending -estto form a superlative se adauga terminatiaestla formele la superlativ

Small mic Smaller the smallestLong lung longer the longestWarm cald warmer the warmestWeak slab

weaker

the weakest

Strong tare stronger the strongest25

c . if the word ends in -e, not doubling the vowel , eg: daca cuvantul setermina ine, nu se dubleaza vocala, de ex:

Nice dragut nicer the nicestlarge larg larger the largest

d . in the case of adjectives ending in a consonant , one vowel consonantdoubling , let's look: in cazul adjectuvelor care se termina cu o consoana,se dubleaza consoana, urmata de o vocala:

big bigger the biggesthot hotter the hottest

e . in the case of adjectives ending in -y, -y change in -i and adding -er / -est in cazul in care adjectivul se termina iny, se schimba ini si seadauga terminatiaer sauest:

friendly friendlier the friendliesthappy happier the happiesteasy easier the easiest

f . adjectives longer and ended on -ful , -less , -ing , -ed gradeddescriptively (more/ the most) Daca adjectivele se termina in -ful , -less ,-ing , -ed se pun in fata calificativelemoresi - most

beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful

g . there is a group of irregular adjectives . Here are some of them: acestaeste un grup de adjective neregulare. Iata cateva dintre ele:

bad worse the worstgood better the bestfar further the furthestfar farther the farthest


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h. of adverbs performed in the following manner : adverbele realizate lamodul urmator

little less the leastmany/much

more

the most

well better the best


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Tenses / Timpurile verbelor

PRESENT SIMPLEI eat apples every day. (usualy)Eu mananc mere in fiecare zi..

1.08.05 (executed) NOW 1.08.07

PRESENT CONTINUOUSI am eating an apple.Eu mananc acumun mar.

1. 08.05 NOW 1.08.07

PRESENT PERFECTI have already takenapples.Am luat dj mere.(si acum le am).

1.08.05 NOW 1.08.07

PRESENT PERFECTfrom 1.08.05 constantely to

mowCONTINUOUS

He has been taking the

1.08.05 NOW 1.08.07apples since ten oclock.

We are talking aboutActivities launched in the

Pasr and continuing orJust completed.

PAST SIMPLEI took your apples two (made)months ago.

Ti-ma luat merele acumDoua luni.

1.06.0NOW 1.08.07

It applies to what isdeffinetelly over.


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PAST SIMPLECONTINUOUSYesterday I was takingapples when you visited

me.Ieri ti-am luat merelecand m-ai vizitat

PAST PERFECTI said I had taken yourapples.Eu am spus ca ti-am luatmerele.

(imperfect)

1.08.05 Yesterday NOW 1.08.07

1.08.05 NOW 1.08.07

PAST PERFECTCONTINUOUS

I had been taking apples

from the garden for two

months before a huge flood

destroyed it on 5th

October..

2 months

1.08.05 5 October NOW 1.08.07


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FUTURE SIMPLEIll take your applestomorrow.

1.08.05

FUTURE CONTINUOUSIllbe taking applestomorrow at six.

1.08.05.

(made)

NOW 1.08.07

NOW 1.08.07

FUTURE PERFECTIll have taken yourapples by the end of theweek.

Action will be made to (by)

1.08.05 NOW 1.08.07


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FUTURE PERFECT

CONTINUOUSShell have been pickingapples for five monthssoon.

FUTURE IN THE PASTI would be happy if Itook all the apples.

FUTURE CONTINUOUS INTHE PASTTom would be picking hisapples in summer.

5 months

1.08.05 NOW 1.08.06 1.08.07

1.08.05 NOW 1.08.07

1.08.05 NOW 1.08.07(imperfect)


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FUTURE PERFECT IN THEPASTId have taken your applesbut I forgot to.

1.08.05 1.09.05 NOW 1.08.07

(imperfect)

FUTURE PERFECTCONTINUOUS IN THEPASTI would have been takingapples tomorrow if I hada garden.

1.08.05 20.081.09.05 NOW 1.08.07

Present Simple

Present simple used:

a.expressing constant, repetitive tasks or permanent states:

My dog eatsmeat.

b . from adverbs : always , seldom , sometimes, Often , rarely , usuallywe , never

We usually have breakfast at eight.

c . speaking of rights and scientific rules

Water boilsat the temperature above 100.


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This time we create by using the basic form of the verb . This form is changedonly for the third person singular , where the primary form of adding -s or -estip.

[lector reads vertically]

work- work/ worksI work Do I work? I do not (dont) workYou work Do you work? You do not (dont) workHe works Does he work? He doesnot (doesnt) workShe works Does she work? She doesnot (doesnt) workIt works Does it work? It doesnot (doesnt) workWe work Do we work? We do not (dont) workYou work Do you work? You do not (dont) work

They work Do they work? They do not (dont) work

Do not = dontDoes not = doesnt

Examples:

I drive a car to work every day.Do you drive a car to work?I do notdrive a car to work.

I live in Poland.Do you live in Poland?I do notlive in Poland.

A life story:John is fascinated with Spain. He is a journalist. Lets ask him somequestions...

- Hello John. You are a very good journalist. Where do you live?

- I live in a city called Bialystok.- How many hours a week do you work?- I work forty hours a week.- Do you have a family?

- I have a wife and two children. We have a dog, too.- What do you think of Spain?

- I like Spain very much. I know Spain quite well. I think Spain is a verybeautiful country. I want my family to see Spain, as well. We havefriends in the country. I want to take my family for a trip there.

- Do you like your job?


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- Yes, I like it very much. I think it gives me many opportunities to visitnew places around the world.


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Present Continuous

We use the present continuous:

a. wishing to express an activity that takes place at a time when we are talking

about it , for example.Father iswatchingTV now.

b . wanting to express the changing current situations, eg .

It isgettingdark.

c . talking about future activities planned by the contractors:

I amleavingtomorow.

d . with adverbs always and continually wanting to express our frustration ,annoyance or displeasure , for example.

Bob isalways cominglate.

This time we create altering the verb beEnding ingto the infinitive, e.g.


work - workingI am working AmI working? I am not (ament) workingYou are working AreYou working? You are not (arent) workingHe is working Is He working? He is not (isnt) workingShe is working Is She working? She is not (isnt) working

It is working Is It working? It is not (isnt) workingWe are working AreWe working? We are not (arent) workingYou are working AreYou working? You are not (arent) workingThey are working AreThey working? They are not (arent) working

Are not = arentIs not = isnt


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Examples:

I amtakingEnglish lessons now.Are you taking any English lessons now?I amnot takingany English lessons now.

I amworkingright now.Are you working now?I amnot workingnow.

A dialogue:Eva is calling Bob. Bob is going to England tomorrow to seehis old friends.

- Hello Bob. What are you doing?

- Hello Eva. I am studying English at the moment. I am going toEngland tomorrow to visit my friends.

Present Perfect

Present Perfectexpresses the relationship of the present with the past , whichinterested us by his relationship with the present moment . In contrast to pastsimple , it is not important when the action took place .

We use the present perfect.

a. to express operations that took place in the past, but its effects are visiblenow

I have washed a car.

b . with adverbs just to express just completed action, such as .

He hasjustarrived.

c . wanting to express action that the execution time is not specified , forexample .

I have been to Rome.


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This time we create altering the operator haveor has and use the third form ofthe verb . In the case of regular verbs third form of the verb create as much asform of Past Simple ( see p. ) , Or by adding -edor -dtip .


work-workedI have (Ive) worked Have I worked I have not (havent) workedYou have (Youve) worked Have You worked You have not (havent) workedHe Has (Hes) worked Has He worked He has not (hasnt) workedShe Has (Shes) worked Has She worked She has not (hasnt) workedIt Has (Its) worked Has It worked It has not (hasnt) workedWe have (Weve) worked Have We worked We have not (havent) workedYou have (Youve) worked Have You worked You have not (havent) worked

They have (Theyve) worked Have They worked They have not (havent) worked

Have not = haventHas not= hasnt

Examples:

I ve hadan accident before.Have youhad any accidents before?I havent hadany accidents before.

Ive drivena car abroad for ten years.Have youdriven a car abroad before?I havent drivena car abroad before.

Ive beento Wroclaw before.

Have youbeen to Wroclaw before?I havent beento Wroclaw before.

Ive workedin Australia for two years.Have youworked in Australia for two years?I havent workedin Australia.

Ive workedshifts before.Have youworked shifts before?I havent workedshifts before.


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Present Perfect Continuous

Time Present Perfect Continuous use:

a. wanting to express action commenced in the past and are still ongoing . Wenote first of all the fact that the activity is being or has been done.

I have beenworkingfor them for two years.

b . when it seems to us that your activities are only terminated because theconsequences are visible :

Father has beenworkinga lot.

This time we create altering the operator have or password , as well as usingthe forms been and adding -ing to the verb ending .


work- have/has beenworkingI have been working Have I been working? I have not been workingYou have been working Have you been working? You have not been workingHe has been working Has he been working? He has not been workingShe

has

been

working

Has

she

been

working?

She

has

not

been

working

It has been working Has it been working? It has not been workingWe have been working Have we been working? We have not been workingYou have been working Have you been working? You have not been working

They have been working Have they been working? They have not been working

Past Simple

Time Past Simple use:

a. talking about activities or conditions not related to the present, the definingmoment of completion of the transaction , for example .

We playedtennis yesterday.

b. The asking about the date or time of an action the past , for example .

When didyou see Paul?


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In the case of irregular verbs we use other forms of the verb in declarativesentences In the case of regular verbs in the past simple form of sentencecreate declarative adding to the base form of the verb -ed tip or d (where the

verb ends in e ), for example.pick- picked ale live- lived

look- looked ale like- liked[lector reads vertically]

work- workedI worked Did I work? I did not (didnt) workYou worked Did you work? You did not (didnt) workHe worked Did he work? He did not (didnt) workShe worked Did she work? She did not (didnt) work

It worked Did it work? It did not (didnt) workWe worked Did we work? We did not (didnt) workYou worked Did you work? You did not (didnt) work

They worked Did they work? They did not (didnt) work

Examples:

I helpedan old lady yesterday.Did youhelp an old lady yesterday?

I did not helpan old lady yesterday.

I workedthree hours ago.Did Iwork three hours ago?I did not workthree hours ago.

I hadsome problems with my car last year.Did you have any problems with your car last year?I did not haveany problems with my car last year.

A life story:This is Karl. Karl is a policeman. His job is very stressful. Letsask him about a stressful situation he had to deal with in thepast.

I had to deal with a difficult situation at work two years ago. Therewas a car crash in the middle of the city, on a very busy road. Ihelped three women and two children to get out of their cars.Fortunately, they did not break anything. I gave them some

medicine and I offered them some blankets.


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Past Simple Continuous

Simple Past Continuous time use:

a. wanting to express action that was performed in the past on a continuous

basis:

Kate wassleepingall Morning.Kate dormea toata dimineata.

b . wanting to express a past action taking place at the moment of otheractivities; action expressed in Past Continuous was started earlier and probablystill ongoing at the end of the second (expressed in Past Simple )

I wasdrivinga car when I saw my sister-in-law.Conduceam masina, cand am vazut-o pe cumnata mea..

c . wanting to express two , simultaneously carried on past activities :

While I wasmendingthe tire, my father was working in thegarden.In timp ce eu reparam anvelopa, tatal meu lucre in gradina.

When I wasworking, somebody started shouting.In timp ce lucram, cineva a inceput sa strige..

When I wasdrivinga bus, I realised there was a fight on thebus.Cand conduceam autobuzul, am realizat ca acolo a fost olupta in autobuz..

Time Past Continuouscreate altering bein the past tense (was / were ) andadding -ingto the verb ending .

work- was/wereworkingI was working Was I working? I was not workingYou were working Were you working? You were not workingHe was working Was he working? He was not workingShe was working Was she working? She was not workingIt was working Was it working? It was not workingWe were working Were we working? We were not workingYou were working Were you working? You were not working

They were working Were they working? They were not working


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Past Perfect

Time Past Perfect use:

a. to emphasize anteriority past one activity:

I had drivenfor a couple of years before I became a busdriver.

b . wanting to express that some state LYB action started in the paststill ongoing at the time of another subsequent activity or the state :

When I had hada first accident I have already been drivinga bus for 10 years.

This time we create altering oprator had and using the passive participle forms(III column).

work- hadworkedI had worked Had I worked? I had not workedYou had worked Had you worked? You had not workedHe had worked Had he worked? He had not worked

She had worked Had she worked? She had not workedIt had worked Had it worked? It had not workedWe had worked Had we worked? We had not workedYou had worked Had you worked? You had not worked

They had worked Had they worked? They had not worked

Past Perfect Continuous

Time Past Perfect Continuous use:

a. speaking of action that was performed before wystpeniem other act or eventin the past, for example .

I had been drivingbefore I got a flat tire.Conduceam inainte de a face pana.


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This time we create had beenaltering and adding -ingto the end of the mainverb .

work- had beenworkingI had been working Had I been working? I had not been workingYou had been working Had you been working? You had not been workingHe had been working Had he been working? He had not been workingShe had been working Had she been working? She had not been workingIt had been working Had it been working? It had not been workingWe had been working Had we been working? We had not been workingYou had been working Had you been working? You had not been working

They had been working Had they been working? They had not been working

Future Simple

Time Future Simple use:

a. wanting to express action / CSI in the future , due to external circumstancesbeyond the control of people , for example .

My son willbe eighteen this year.Fiul meu va avea / implini 18 ani anul acesta..

b . expressing opinions , the future, for example .

I willearn a lot of money.Voi castiga o multime debani.

work- willwork

I will (Ill) work Will I work? I will not (wont) workYou will (Youll) work Will you work? You will not (wont) workHe will (Hell) work Will He work? He will not (wont) workShe will (Shell) work Will She work? She will not (wont) workIt will (Itll) work Will It work? It will not (wont) workWe will (Well) work Will We work? We will not (wont) workYou will (Youll) work Will You work? You will not (wont) workThey will (Theyll) work Will They work? They will not (wont) work

Will not = wont


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Examples:

I willpass an English exam.Will you pass an English exam?I will notpass an English exam.

I willdo my best.Will I do my best?I will notdo my best.

I willbuy a new car soon.Will you buy a new car soon?I will notbuy a new car soon.

The petrol station will beopen at night.Will the petrol station be open at night?The petrol station will notbe open at night.

I willquickly learn more English.Will I quickly learn more English?I will notlearn more English quickly.

Future Continuous

Future Continuous use of time : the future, for example .a. trying to express that at a certain point in the future a transaction will beexecuted , for example :

Tomorrow at seven thirty I will berepairingmy car.Maine la 7.30, voi repara masina..

b . wanting to express assumption on the moment :

Tom will beworkingnow.Tom va lucre acum..

c . by stating that any action will take place in the future, but it is not the resultof provisions of the person performing it , such as :

I will beworkingwith Jane and Tom.Voi lucra cu Jane si Tom ( declaraie de fapt , nu rezultatul

istale anterior) .

Future Continuous Time altering the operator will create using the forms be andadding -ing to the end of the main time .


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work- will beworking

I will be working Will I be working? I will not be workingYou will be working Will you be working? You will not be workingHe will be working Will he be working? He will not be workingShe will be working Will she be working? She will not be workingIt will be working Will it be working? It will not be workingWe will be working Will we be working? We will not be workingYou will be working Will you be working? You will not be workingThey will be working Will they be working? They will not be working

Future Perfect

Future Perfect time use:a. a. saying that at some point in the future action will be carried over, for

example:I will have come backby two oclock.Eu ma voi intoarce / voi reveni la ora doua.

b . foreseeing that some action has already been completed , such as :They will have arrivedby now.Ei vor fi ajuns pana acum.

This timewe create will havealtering and using the verb ending in -ed or itsthird forms in the case of irregular verbs..work- will haveworkedI will have worked Will I have worked? I will not have worked

You will have worked Will You have worked? You will not have workedHe will have worked Will He have worked? He will not have workedShe will have worked Will She have worked? She will not have workedIt will have worked Will It have worked? It will not have workedWe will have worked Will We have worked? We will not have workedYou will have worked Will You have worked? You will not have worked

They will have worked Will They have worked? They will not have worked

I will= IllWill not= wont


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Future Perfect Continuous

Time Future Perfect Continuous use:

a. trying to say that at some point in the future some time has elapsed , in which

the action takes place , for example :

Nigel will have beensleepingfor five hours soon.Nigel va adormi in curand 5 ore.

This time we create will have beenaltering and adding the ending -ing .

will- will have been working

I will have been working Will I have been working?You will have been working Will you have been working?He will have been working Will he have been working?She will have been working Will she have been working?It will have been working Will it have been working?We will have been working Will we have been working?You will have been working Will you have been working?

They will have been working Will they have been working?

I will not have been workingYou will not have been workingHe will not have been workingShe will not have been workingIt will not have been workingWe will not have been workingYou will not have been workingThey will not have been working

Future in the Past

Time Future in the Past use:

a. the questions being asked :

Would you give me a pay rise?Vreti sa imi dati un spor de salariu?


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43

b . wanting to tell you that you belonged in the past to the habits of itsperformers , such as :

Roger would come late and talk for hours.

Roger a avut un obicei de a veni cu intarziere si de a vorbimult.

work- wouldwork [

I would work Would I work? I would not workYou would work Would you work? You would not workHe would work Would he work? He would not work

She would work Would she work? She would not workIt would work Would it work? It would not workWe would work Would we work? We would not workYou would work Would you work? You would not work

They would work Would they work? They would not work

Future Continuous in the Past

Time Future in the Past Continuous use:

a. a. asking someone politely about his plans , for example:Would yoube talking to Alice today?

Ai vorbit cu Alice astazi?

b. wanting to express supposition concerning the present, for example :My brother would bedrivinghis car now.Fratele meu ar fi trebuit sa conduca masina acum..

work- would beworking

I would be working Would I be working? I would not be workingYou would be working Would you be working? You would not be workingHe would be working Would he be working? He would not be workingShe would be working Would she be working? She would not be workingIt would be working Would it be working? It would not be workingWe would be working Would we be working? We would not be working

You would be working Would you be working? You would not be workingThey would be working Would they be working? They would not be working


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Passive voice / Diateza pasiva

The passive voicein English, creating altering the verb be and using the passiveparticiple form of the past participle. Object of a sentence in the active voicebecomes the subject of the sentence in the passive voice.

In English, the passive voice is much more common than in Polish. We use it inthe official language , official , or when more interested in us than just follow thesteps of who made it . Also includes logs We use it when the contractor activitiesis unknown or unspecified ( people, they , someone).

We have problems with the translation of the passive voice , as in the Polishlanguage is not so often used .

The active page passive voice

Present Simple I study it. It is studied.Present Continuous I am studying it. It is being studied.Past Simple I studied it. It was studied.Past Continuous I was studying it. It was being studied.Present Perfect I have studied it. It has been studied.Present Perfect

I have been studying it. It has been studied.ContinuousPast Perfect I had studied it. It had been studied.Past Perfect

I had been studying it. It had been studied.ContinuousFuture Simple I will study it. It will be studied.Future Continuous I will be studying it. It will be studied.

Future Perfect I will have studied it. It will have beenstudied.

Future PerfectI will have been studying it.

It will have beenContinuous studied.Future in the Past I would study it. It would be studied.Future Continuous in

I would be studying it. It would be studied.the PastFuture Perfect in the I would have studied. It would have beenPast studied.Must, can, may,

I must study it. It must be studied.shouldHave to I have to study it. It has to be studied.

Thus, typical for the times they are:Simple be (different) + III verb formContinuous being+ III verb form

Perfect been + III verb form


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Sequence of tenses / Secventeletimpurilor

There is a sequence of tenses in English in complex sentences . If the verb in

the main clause ( introductory ) is in the past tense Past Simple or PastContinuous , this causes a change in the subordinate clause of time (as ifmoving one step back) .

This is done as follows:

a. I knowyou dont believeme.Eu stiu ca nu ma credeti. Present Simple

ale

I knew youdidnt believe me. Past SimpleEu stiam ca nu ma credeti.

b. I knowyou didnt believeme.Eu stiu ca nu m-ati crezut. Past Simple

I knew youhadnt believed me. Past PerfectEu stiam ca nu m-ati crezut.

c. I think Bobhas already come.Eu cred ca Bob a venit deja. Present Perfect

I thought Bobhad already come. Past PerfectEu am crezut ca Bob dj a venit.

d. I hopethey will do itsoon.Eu sper ca ei vor face asta in curand. Future Simple

I hoped theywould do it soon. Future in the PastAm sperat ca ei vor face asta in curan


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Reported Speech / vorbire

Rported Speechinvolves speech recounting his own or another person.Declarative sentences in reported speech most often begin with words like :

add- adauga/adaugati

admit- admiteti

answer- raspundeticomplain- reclamatideclare- declaratideny- negati

explain- explicati

say- spunetitell- spunetistate-

afirmati / declarati

Changes regarding times:Simple Present - Past Simple

I rarely have problems with my car, said John.John said he rarely had problems with his car.

Present Continuous - Past Continuous

You are going a wrong direction, said Tom.Tom said they were going a wrong direction.

Present Perfect - Past PerfectI have helped them to get out of a bus, said Michael.

Michael said he had helped them to get out of a bus.

Present Perfect Continuous - Past Perfect ContinuousI have been driving for an hour said Ben.Ben said he had been driving for an hour.

Simple Past - Past PerfectI came to England four days ago, said Paul.Paul said he had come to England four days ago.

Past Continuous - Past Perfect ContinuousI was mending a tire, said John. John

said he had been mending a tire.

Future Simple - Future in the PastI will learn more English, said Nigel/Nigel said he would learn more English.


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Future Continuous - Future Continuous in the PastI will be earning more money, said Peter.Peter said he would be earning more money.

Future Perfect - Future Perfect in the Past

I will have finished by seven, said James.James said he would have finished by seven.

Future Perfect Continuous - Future Perfect Continuous in the PastI will have been studying English harder now, said Tim.Tim said he would have been studying English harder now.

Irregular verbs / Verbe neregulate

I form II form III formparticiple importance

Infinitive Past Simplepassive

be was/were been fibeat beat beaten luptbecome became become devenibegin began begun NCEPEbleed bled bled sngera

blow blew blown suflabreak broke broken pauzbring brought brought aducebuild built built construiburn burnt burnt ardebuy bought bought cumpracatch caught caught capturchoose chose chojen alegecome came come venicost cost cost costcut cut cut tiatdeal dealt dealt afaceredo did done facedraw drew drawn tragedrink drank drunk buturdrive drove driver plumbeat ate eaten mnca

fall fell allen picturfeed fed fed hranfeel felt felt simifight fought fought lupt


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forget forgot forgotten uitago Went gone du-te , du-teget got got primi


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give gave given A dahave had had A aveahear heard heard auzihit hit hit grevknow

knew

known

ti

learn learnt learnt nvamake made made facemeet met met ntlnioversleep overslept overslept dormi prea multpay paid paid pltiput put put locread read read cititride rode rode conduce

ring rang rung telefonsay said said spunesell sold sold a vindeset set set ajustatshow showed shown spectacolsleep slept slept somnsmell smelt smelt mirosstand stood stood stand

strike struck struck grevtake took taken luatell told told spunethink thought thought gndiunderstand understood understood nelegewake woke woken trezi

wear wore wornuzura(

mbrcmint)withdraw withdrew withdrawn retragewrite wrote written scrie

Modes of address / Moduri de adreare

Sir DomnulMadam DoamnaExcuse me Cuzati-ma...- Mr. Brown - Domnul Brown- Mrs. Brown - Doamna Brown

- Miss Brown - Doamnisoara Brown- Doctor - Domnule doctor- Professor - Domnule Profesor- Ladies and gentlemen - Doamnelor si Domnilor


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- Dear friends - Dragi prieteniHow are you? Cemai faci?- I am well, thank you. - Sunt bine, multumesc.- I am all right, thanks. - Sunt bine, multumesc!.- I am fine, thanks. - Sunt bine, multumesc.


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- Quite well, thank you. - Sunt bine, multumesc,- Im not feeling well today. - Nu ma simt bine astazi.- So-so. - aa si asa.

Education / Educatie

What qualifications do you have? - Ce calificare aveti?- I studied at a secondary school. - Am studiat la o scoala gimnaziala.- I studied at a primary school. - Am studiat la o scoala primara.- I graduated from a technical - am absolvit un colegiu ethniccollege specializing in... specializat in

- Engineering - inginerie- Building - contructii- electrical engineering - electic

I finished my studies in... Mi-am terminat studiile in...I graduated from (a university) Am absolvit ( Universitatea)

Useful vocabulary: Vocabular util:well-educated/ uneducated - bine educat / needucatbasic/ general education - educatie de baza / primara

optional/ voluntary subjects - discipline optionale / facultativeobligatory/ compulsory subjects - discipline obligatoriivocational school - coala vocational (profesionala)technical school - scoala tehnicaprimary school - coala generala (primara)syllabus - programa scolara

Employment and Profession / Angajare si profesie

What do you do? Ce faci?What is your profession? Care este profesia ta?I am... Eu unt...- a carpenter - dulgher- a joiner - tamplar- a locksmith - lacatus- a bricklayer - zidar- a plumber - instalator

- a shoemaker - cizmar- a smithman - fierar- an upholsterer - tapiter- a watchmaker - ceasornicar- a latheman - strungar


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- a shop-assistant - asistent magazin- an electrician - electrician


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- a driver - sofer- a painter, a decorator - zugrav- a pavement layer - pavator- a miner - miner

- a construction worker - muncitor in constructiiWhere do you work? Unde lucrezi?I work Lucrez / muncesc...- for a private company - pentru o companie privata- in an office - intr-un birou- in the chemical industry - in industria chimica- in the builiding industry - in constructii- in the mining industry - in industria miniera- in agriculture - in agricultura- in the energy industry - in industria energetica

I have my own business. Am afacerea mea proprie.How many hours a week do you work? Cate ore lucrezi pe

saptamana?- I work ten hours a day. - Lucrez 10 ore pe zi.

Nationalities / Natiobalitati

I am/ You are/ He is/ She is

- Spanish- French- Russian

- Polish- German- English

- Arabic- Bulgarian- Danish- Hungarian- Chinese- Dutch- Slovak

- Greek- Portugese- Swedish- Turkish- Czech


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Border crossing / trecerea granitei

May I see your passport, please?

-Yes, of course. Here aremy documents.Are you travelling alone?-No, with my wife.-No, with my daughter.-With my son.-With my children.

How long are you going to

stay there for?- For 6 months.Have you ever been the

United Kingdom before?- No, never.- No, not yet.- Yes, I have.- Yes, two years ago.

As putea sa va vadpasaportul?-Da, desigur. Iatadocumentele mele.

Calatoriti singur?-Nu, cu sotia mea.-Nu, cu fiica mea.-Cu fiul meu.-Cu copiii mei.Cat timp ai de gand sa stai acolo?

(pentru) 6 luni.Ai fost vreodata in MareaBritanie inainte?-Nu, niciodata.-Nu, nu inca.-Da, am fost.-Da, acum doi ani.

Family / familia

Do you have a family? Aveti familie?- No, I do not. I am not married. - Nu, nu am. Nu sunt casatorit.

- I am a bachelor. - unt burlac.- Yes, I do - Da, am (familie)...How many children do you have? Cati copii aveti?

- I have got two children. - am 2 copii.How old is your daughter? Ce varsta are fiica ta?- She is twelve. - are 12 ani.How old is your son? Ce varsta are fiul tau?- He is five. - are 5 ani.Do you have any brothers Ai frati sau surori?or sisters?- Yes, I do. - da, am.- No, I am the only child. Nu, unt singurul copil.This is my Acesta/aceasta este...al meu / a mea- daughter - fiica- son - fiul- mother - mama- father - tata


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- grandmother - bunica- grandfather - bunicul- grandson - nepotul- aunt - matua- uncle - unchi


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- mother-in-law - soacra- daughter-in-law - nora- son-in-law - ginereIs she your sister? Este sora ta?

- No, she isnt my sister, - nu, nu ete sora mea, este verisoara meashes my cousin.- They are twins/triplets. - ei sunt gemeni/ tripleti.When did you get married? Cand te-ai caatorit?- I got married last year. I am - m-am caatorit anul trecut. M-am

married to a nice woman. Caatorit cu o femeie draguta.Whats your wifes name? Care este numele sotiei tale?- My wifes name is... - Numele sotiei mele este...

Music / Muzica

What musical instruments La ce instrumente musicale canti?can you play?I can play the: Pot canta la:- flute - flaut- bass - contrabas- guitar - chitara

- saxophone - saxofon- harmonica - muzicuta- violin - vioara- piano - pianId like to go to a concert of: A vrea sa merg la un concert de:- classical music - muzica clasica- hard rock music - muzica hard rock- pop music - muzica popI like music. Imi placemuzica- contemporary - contemporana

- modern - moderna- medieval - medievala

Sports and games / sporturi si jocuri

Do you like sports?

Do you play football?- No, I play basketball.Would you like to go to a footballmatch with us tomorrow?- Who is playing who?- Italy is playing Spain.

- Who won?- We won./They won.- What was the score?


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Iti place sportul (activ.Sportive)?Joci fotbal?-Nu, joc bachet.

Ai vrea sa vii cu noi la un mecide fotbal maine?- Cine joaca cu cine?

-Italia joaca cu Spania?

-Cine a castigat.-Noi am castigat / ei au

castigat.-Care a fost scorul?


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Useful vocabulary:FootballValleyballBowlingSwimming

CyclingSkiingRugbyTennisTable tennisRock climbing

At a train station / in gara/statia detren

Whare is/are the? Unde ete?- baggage check - verificarea bagajelor- information desk - biroul de informatii- platforms - peroane- snack bar - buffet cu autoervire- ticket office - caa de bilete- waiting room - ala de asteptare

- entrance - intrarea- exit - iesirea- information - informatiile- arrivals - sosiri- departures - plecari

Where is platform 4? Unde este peronul 4?- Its over there. - este acolo.- Its on the left/right. - este la stanga / la dreapta.

Could I have a timetable, please?

As putea avea un orar (mer al

trenurilor), va rog?

When is the train to? Cand este trenul spre...?- First/next/last - primul/urmatorul/ultimul

Id like a ticket to London. As vrea un bilet la Londra.- one-way - dus- round-trip (return) - dus-intors (retur)- first/second class - clasa I / clasa a II-a

Is it a direct train? Ete un tren direct?- No, its not. Youll have - Nu, nu este. Va trebui sa il schimbatito change at


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How frequent are the trains to? Cat de frecvente sunt trenurile spre/catre..?- once/twice a day - o data/ de doua ori pe zi- five times a day - de cinci ori pe zi- every hour - in fiecare ora

What time do they leave? La ce ora pleaca?How long is the trip? Cat dureaza calatoria?How much is that? Cat costa asta?Is there a discount for..? Este vreun discount pentru...?- senior citizens - personae in varsta?- students - studentiCan I return on the same ticket? Ma pot intoarce cu acelasi bilet?

Which platform does the train to De la care peron pleaca trenul spre?do...? leave from?

At a job center / la o agentie de locuri de munca

I would like to apply for a job.- Right... Would you fill in this form

and we will let you know within

two weeks.Are you skilled in...?

- Yes, I am skilled in this area.

- Yes, I can do any kind of job/work.

Useful vocabulary:full-time employmentpart-time employmentincapacity for worklimited working capacity payrollpay-day hour rate

quality of work tosign a contract

Cinema / cinematograf

A dori a aplic pentru un job/loc de munca.- In regula... ati dori sa completati acest

formular, si va vom anunta in doua

Sunteti calificat in...?

-Da, sunt calificat in acestdomeniu (in aceasta activitate).-Da, pot face orice fel de munca.

Whats playing at the movies tonight? Ce film ruleaza in seara asta?

Is the film subtitled? Ete filmul subtitrat?A, please. A, va rog...- box of popcorn - o cutie de popcorn- chocolate ice cream - crema de ciocolata- hot dog - hot dog


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Is this seat taken? Este ocupat?Thats my seat. Acesta este locul(caunu)l meu.Do you mind if Va deranjeaza daca...- I seat here. - stau aici.

Id like to reserve an aisle seat.As vrea sa rezerv un loc peculoar.

Plants / plante

spruce molidfir bradpine pinlarch lariceoak stejarbirch mesteacnbeech faglime-tree teimaple ararwillow salcie

Making friends / sa iti faci prieteni

Hello, we havent met.

May I introduce...?

Pleased to meet you.

Whats your name? Fine,

thanks. And you?What do you think of the...?I love the... here.

I dont really like the... here.Would you like to play...?- cards- chess

I like...

- music- reading- sports

Buna ziua , nu ne-am ntlnit.Pot s ma prezint ... ?ncntat de cunotin.Care este numele tau?Bune, multumesc. Si tu?

Ce credeti despre...Imi placeaici....

Nu imi place foarte multaici.Doriti sa jucati?-carti-sah

Imi place...

-muzica-sa citesc-sport

Talking about weather / vorbind despre vremeWhat a lovely day!What terrible weather!


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Its hot/cold today!

Whats the weatherforecast for tomorrow?


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Do you think its going to tomorrow?- be a nice day- rain- snow

Its- Cloudy noros cloud=nor- Foggy cetos fog= ceata- Icy ice = gheata- Stormy storm = furtuna- Windy wind= vantIts raining. plouaIts snowing. ningeIts sunny. Este insoritHas the weather been like this for long? Va fi vremea ca acum pentru mult

timp?

Parts of a body / partile corpului

arm braback spatebone os

breast snchest pieptfinger/thumb deget / thumbfoot/toe picior / deget de la piciorgland/tonsils glandei / amigdalelehand mnhead capheart inimkidney rinichi

knee genunchileg piciorliver ficatmuscle muchineck gtrib nervurshoulder umrskin piele

stomach stomacthroat gttongue limbvein ven

fata


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faceear urecheeye ochijaw falcalip buzamouth guranose nas


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Clothes and accessories / haine si accesorii

belt cureablouse bluzcap capaccoat haindress rochiehandbag geant de mnjacket sacoujeans blugiscarf earf

shirt cmasocks osetestockings ciorapisuit costumsweater puloverswimsuit costum de baieT-shirt Tricoutrousers pantaloniunderpants chiloi

Shoes pantofiboots gheteflip-flops lapisandals sandaleslippers papuci de cas

Colours / culori

Beige bejBlack negruBlue albastruBrown maroGolden de aurGreen verdeGrey GreyPink rozPurple violetRed rouSilver argintWhite albYellow galben


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light/dark Lumina/intuneric sau inchis/deschis

Do you have the same in...? Aveti aceeasi (culoare) in...?I would like a lighter/ a darker one. As vrea una mai inchisa/mai deschisa.


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At home / acasa

Alarm clock ceas detepttorArmchair fotoliuAshtray scrumierBed patBedside marginea patuluiBedspread cuvertur de patBlanket pturBlind orbBulb becCarpet covorCeiling plafonCentral heating nclzire centralCoffee table masuta de cafeaCourtains DRAPERIIDoor uFloor podeaHanger cuierLapmshade LapmshadeLight luminLight switch intrerupatorMattress salteaMirror oglindPicture imaginePillow pernPlug dopTablecloth Fa de masTelephone telefonVase vazWall pereteWardrobe dulap

Travelling by bus / Calatorind cu autobuzul

Excuse me, where is theScuzati-ma, unde este cea maiapropiata?

nearest ...?- bus station - statie de autobuz

- bus top - capote autobuz- underground station - statie de metrou

The bus stop is at the bottom / topStatia de autobus este la capatulstrazii/la inceputul strazii


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of the street. pocztku/ kocu ulicy.The bus stop is round the

Statia de autobus este aproape de coltcorner.

5You need to go straight, then turnleft, go past the traffic lights. The

bus stop will be on your right.Trebuie sa mergi anainte, apoi cotesti la

stanga, Apoi treci de semafor.Statia de tramvai va fi pe partea tadrapta.

Is it far from here? Este departe de aici?It is not far. You can easily get Nu este departe.there. Poti usor ajunge acolo.

When is the last night bus to ..? Cand este ultimul autobus de noapte la?

Buses run all night at thirty Autobuzele circula toata noapteaminutes intervals. / Buses runLa interval de 30 minute. / autobuzele

every half an hour.Circula la interval de 30 minute.

The last bus leaves at two Ultimul autobus pleaca la ora 2 a.m.oclock a.m.Where do the buses for the De unde pleaca autobuzele spre centru?centre leave from?The buses for the centre leave Autobuzele spre centru pleaca de aici.from here.Which bus goes to the centre of Care autobus pleaca spre centralthe town? orasului?Take a bus number thirteen. Ia autobuzul cu numarul 13.How long will it take me to get Cat timp imi ia sa ajung lato Victoria Station? Victoria Station?It will take you half an hour. Iti ia o jumatate de ora.

Could I get a single ticket to ...?As putea lua (cumpara) un singur biletPana la

Could I get a return ticket to ..., As putea lua un bilet de intors laplease?Yes, of course. Thats one Desigur, este o lira patruzeci, va rogpound forty, please.Where am I now? Unde sunt acum?You are at Victoria Station now.Get off here to change for abus number five.

Esti la Victoria Station. Da-tejos aici ca sa iei autobuzul cunumarul 5.


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Can I get off now, please?Pot sa ma dau jos/sa coboracum?

No, I am sorry you cant. Nu, imi pare rau, nu poti.

Giving instructions/ furnizand/oferind informatii

Excuse me, how can I get Scuzati-ma ca va deranjez,cum pot sa ajung la?

to...? / Sorry to trouble you,how can I get to...?- go straight on - Mergi drept inainte- take the first/ the second/ - ia-o prima / a doua/

the third left A treia la stanga- turn left/ right - ia-o la stanga / dreapta- go along High Street - du-te de-alungul High Street- take a bus number 10 - ia autobuzul cu nr 10- get off at ... - Da-te jos / coboara la- you are going the wrong

- Te duci intr-o directive gresitadirection

Is it far from here? Este departe de aici?- its quite near - este destul de aproape- its a long way from here - este o distant lunga de aici

- its about ten minutes on a - este la aproximativ 10 minutebus Cu autobuzul

- its round the corner - este dupa colt

Asking for information/ solicitand/cerand o informatie

Excuse me. Could you tell me Ma scuzati. Puteti sa imi spunetiwhere the hospital is? Unde este spitalul?Can you tell me where the Poti sa imi spui unde estehospital is? spitalul?Do you know..? stii ?

You wouldnt know..., wouldNu tii ( poate, din ntmplare)...?

you?Id like to know..., please. As vrea sa stiu, va rog...

And there another thing I Si un alt lycru pe care as dori a il stiuwould like to know...


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Exercise:

Work in pairs. Imagine one of you needs to get to places/institutions on the

map. Using the words and expressions in the previous parts of the brochureconstruct dialogues that will help you to get to places you need.

Exercitiu:

Lucrati in perechi. Imaginati-va ca unul dintre voi trebuie sa ajunga la unloc/institutie de pe harta. Utilizand cuvintele si expresiile din parteaanterioara, construiti dialoguri care sa va ajute sa ajungeti la locul dorit


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Making telephone calls / dand telefoane / efectuand apeluri telefonice

Excuse me, could you tell me if Ma scuzati, puteti sa imi spunetithere is a telephone box near Daca exista vreo cabina telefonicahere? In apropiere?Hello, this is Mr. Popecu alo, la telefon ete dl Popescu.speaking. I would like to speak As dori a vorbesc cu dl Smith, .to Mr. Smith, please. Va rog.Hello, this is Mr. Smith Alo, dl Smith este la telefon/speaking. Vorbeste.Im afraid you have a wrong Ma tem ca aveti un numar denumber. Telefon gresit.Im afraid Mr. Smith is out of Ma tem ca dl. Smith ete iesit dinthe office at the moment. Shall Birou in acest moment.

I take a message? As putea lua un mesaj?Im afraid Mr. Smith is out of Ma tem ca dl. Smith ete iesit dinthe office at the moment. Would Birou in acest moment.you like him to give you a ring? Doriti sa va dea un telefon?Yes, please. Da, Va rog.What is your name? Care este numele dvs?My name is Numele meu esteIm sorry, I didnt quite catchyour name. Could you repeat

it, please?

Imi pare rau, nu v-am retinutnumele. Puteti s ail repetati,

va rog?Whats your telephone number? Care este numarul dvs de telefon?My telephone number is Numarul meu de telefon esteWhen would you like him to call Cand ati dori sa va sune inapoi?you back?I will be At home after six. Voi fi acasa dupa ora 6.

Thank you very much. Bye bye.Multumesc foarte mult. Larevedere..

Making a telephone call ...Efectuand o convorbiretelefonica

Who is speaking? Cine vorbeste? Cine e la telefon?I cant hear you properly. Nu va aud cum trebuie.Speak up, please. Vorbiti, va rog.Pardon? Ma scuzati?Could you speak a little louder, please? Puteti vorbi un pic mai tare, va rog?

Could you wait a moment, please? Puteti astepta un moment, Va rog?Hello, Smith is speaking. Alo, dl Smith este la telefon..We were cut off. Am fost taiati.


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Calling from the UK to Romania is cheaper than vice versa . The cheapestsolution is to call using the cards. Cards let you call from a landline and a cell.

In the UK without a mobile phone is difficult to get around . The best andcheapest solution is to bring your camera without sim lock and purchase starterBritish mobile telephone network. In this way, we will not be liable for anyadditional fees imposed by the Romanian network. For example, sim card onthe Orange network costs 10 . The cells are cheaper on subscription butbuying them is not as simple as the card is usually required deposit.

To call the Romania choose : country code - 0040 , then the area code for thecity and the number of the subscriber , ie for example . To Timisoara : 0040 256

1233456.

First aid/ Primul ajutor

Is any of you a doctor?Este vreunul dintre dvsdoctor?

Does anyone have a first-aid-Are cineva trusa de prim ajutor?

kit?Call an ambulance. Call the Suna la Ambulanta.

Suna la Politie.

police.

What happened to this person?Ce s-a intamplat cu aceastapersoana?

This man is injured. Aces tom este ranit.He/ She is unconcious. El/Ea este inconstient/a.He/She is bleeding. El/Ea sangereaza.He/She is in a shock. El/Ea este in soc.He/She doesnt move. El/Ea este nu misca.He/She has a wound on his/her

El/Ea are o rana la cap.head.I cannot find his/her pulse. Nu ii gasesc pulsul.His/her pulse is irregular. Pulsul lui/al ei este neregulat..

It looks like a broken arm.Pare un brat rupt.

Put something under his/herPune ceva sub capul lui / al ei..

head.


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At the hospital / La spital

Whats the matter with you?Ce s-a intamplat cu tine? Ce ai patit?

Whats troubling you?I feel very ill./ I feel very sick. Ma simt (sunt) foarte bilnav.I have temperature (fever). Am temperatura (febra).I am very weak. Sunt foarte slabit.I feel dizzy. Sunt ametit.I have a cold. Sunt racit/a..I broke my arm/ leg. Mi-am rupt bratul/ piciorul.Please call a doctor./ Call for a

Va rog sunati un doctor.doctor.You will need to go to ahospital.

Va trebui sa mergeti laspital.


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Every Romanian residing in the UK is entitled to medical care National HealthSystem ( NHS) . They allow for a special international agreement concludedbetween the Romania and the UK. Thanks to this, the health care is free , but

only when we need a completely unplanned sudden or assistance . This meansthat, for example . For cosmetic surgery or tooth extraction would have to pay,but for the operation or ' piecing ' bones are not.

Important telephone numbers:/numere de telefon importante

24 hours for NHS Helpline 0845 4647NHS for Smokers 0800 169 0 169Ambulance service 999

A report of investigation / Un raport de investigatie

Whats your name? Cum te cheama?My name is.... Numele meu este

Whats your address?

Care este adresa ta / unde

locuiesti?My address is... Adresa mea esteCould you show me your driving Puteti sa imi aratati permisul delicence, please? Conducere, va rog?When did the accident take

Cand a avut loc accidentul?place?It happened two hours ago, at 9 A avut loc acum 2 ore, la ora 9a.m. a.m (dimineata).

6Where did it happen? Unde s-a intamplat?

It happened at the corner offS-a intamplat la coltul dintreHigh Street

High Street and Oxford Street. Si Oxford Street.What were the weather Cum a fost vremea (care au fost

conditiile vremii)?conditions like?It was raining. It was very

Ploua. Era foarte alunecos..slippery.What happened? Ce s-a intamplat?I was driving along. Conduceam (de-alungul


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traseului).The other car hit me. Cealalta masina m-a lovit..I hit the other car. Eu am lovit cealalta masina.

I was hit from the left / right. Am fost lovit din stanga/dreapta.

I stopped. M-am oprit.The driver run away. Conducatorul auto a fugit.

Useful vocabulary:- to go fast/ faster - a merge repede / mai repede- to keep straight on - a pastra (drumul, directia) inainte- to slow down - a incetini- to overtake - a depasi- to turn on an indicator - a porni un indicator

- to turn off an indicator - a opri un indicator- to turn left/ right - a o lua la stanga / dreapta- to reverse - a inversa- to stop - a opri

Did anybody get injured? A fost cineva accidentat?

Yes, two people got injured. Da, doua personae au fostaccidentate.

No, nobody did. Nu, nimeni nu a fost accidentat.

Useful vocabulary:a collision O coliziunean accident Un accidenta crush O strivire, o zdrobiturato stay calm A ramane calm, a-si pastra calmulto call an ambulance A chema ambulanta66

Stressful situations on a bus / situatii stresante in autobuz

Could you please be moreAti putea fi mai linistit?

quiet?It is not permitted to smoke or Nu este permis sa fumati sau sadrink alcohol on a bus. Beti alcool in autobuz.

If you do not behave yourselves Daca nu va veti comportaCorespunzator, vi se va cere sa


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Coborati din autobus.bus.

Get off the bus now or I will Dati-va jos din autobusAcu, sau voi raporta!

report you!

I am calling the police now! Sun acum la Politie!Please, stay calm. Everything is Va rog sa sti calm.under controll. Totul este sub control.

At the bank / La banca

I would like to open a bank As dori sa deschid un cont laaccount at your bank. Banca dvs.

Yes, of course. To set up a bank Da, desigur. Pentru a deschideUn cont bancar, trebuie sa furnizati:account you need to provide:

- an ID (a passport, or - o carte de identitate(pasaport sau permis de

a driving licence)conducere)

- last months bills (water, - Facturile pe ultimeleelectricity) Luni (apa, curent)

- a letter of employment - O scrisoare de angajare defrom your employer La angajatorul tau

How much would it cost? Cat ar costa?The bank keeps accounts free of Banca tine conturile gratuitcharge. Fara taxa.I would like to pay in some As vrea sa pun ceva bani inmoney into my account. Contul meu.I would like to withdraw some As vrea sa scot ceva bani dinmoney from my account. Contul meu.Yes, of course. How much would Da, desigur. Cati bani (cat de multi)you like to withdraw? Vreti sa scoateti?

I would like to cash this cheque. As dori sa incasez acest cec.67

Can you cash out the wholePoti retrage intreaga suma?

amount?

Can I have it in notes, please? Pot avea (pot primi) in bancnote?

Could you give me some Ati putea sa imi dati ceva


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change, as well, please? Schimbat, va rog?

Useful vocabulary:- current accounts Conturi curente- deposits on a current account Depozite pe un cont curent- current account balance saldul contului curent- deposits and drawings Depozite si grafice (desene)

- deposits on notice Depuneri cu previz (instiintare)- paying-in slip Plata prin borderou- credit/debit slip Fisa/formular de credit/debit- payment order Ordin de plata- to withdraw money A retrage bani

practical council

British employers require bank accounts, and much more favorably look atEnglish than foreign . Account in an English bank also increases our credibility inthe eyes of Employers , because if the bank decides to open it , it does it with acertain credit of trust , which is also based Employer . Besides a longer stay ,such an account becomes more profitable because usually there are noadditional fees, that arise in the Romanian accounts , as well as the mostconvenient to shopping with a credit card instead of cash .

Road signs / indicatoarerutiere

Signs Giving Orders/ Indicatoare care avertizeaza

Maximum Speed National Speed No Entry For No OvertakingLimit (MPH) Limit Applies Vehicular Traffic

Limita de viteza se aplica limita acces interzis nicio depasire

Maxima

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BRAINS Driver English Book (1)

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