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Brainstorming the Essays:Change Over Time
Comparison and ContrastDBQ
Writing Series
Training #2
3 Types of History Essays
• Comparison and Contrast (C/C)
• Change Over Time (COT)
• Document-Based Question (DBQ)
3 Types of History Essays• Comparison and Contrast (C/C)
– You gather information on two items or topics– Analyze what is the same and what is different between the two
topics
• Change Over Time (COT)– COT is a type of C/C because you are comparing and contrasting
one time and place with another time and place– Analyze what is the same and what is different between the two
times
• Document-Based Question (DBQ)– A DBQ is an essay question that requires you to use documents in
your response– Take a position from the essay question, analyze the documents and
then choose documents which support your position
Comparison and Contrast (C/C)
Comparison and Contrast
Essay Question: How are Thanksgiving and the Fourth of July the same and different?
So what do you do first?1) What are the 2 topics that are being
compared and contrasted?2) Think of everything you can about each topic…
C/C Thanksgiving and July 4th 1) Thanksgiving brainstorming2) On a scrap of paper, write one word that
you think of when you think of Thanksgiving.
3) Post your word on the wall. Note: If your word is already on the wall,
you must write a different word on your piece of paper
4) July 4th brainstorming – repeat steps 1 – 3
Brainstorming C/C#1 – Write down everything you think of
Thanksgiving
July 4th
Brainstorming C/C#1 – Write down everything you think of
Turkey Cranberries Pumpkin pie Family Football Pilgrims American Indians Corn Blessing Thursday
Christmas shopping Final exams Cold Prayer Harvest cornucopia Travel charity
BBQ Hot dogsSwimming Sousa Flags
Red, white, blueFireworks 1812 Overture
Bands Picnics Parades
Declaration of Independence Country’s birthday
HolidayUncle Sam Statue of Liberty
Neighborhood baseball
Thanksgiving
July 4th
Categorize the Brainstorming• Rearrange the brainstormed words into
categories• Discuss different ways to categorize the
words• What connections can you make between
ideas?
Note: As you categorize, more words and ideas will occur to you. Add them to your lists, circles, and categories!
Possible Ways to Categorize
• ESP – Economic, Social, Political
• SPEC – Social, Political, Economic, Cultural
• PERSIA – Political, Economic, Religious, Social, Intellectual, Artistic
• GRIPE – Geographic, Religious, Intellectual, Political, Economic
Categorize the Words for Each HolidayEconomic Social Political
Thanks-giving
Food (corn…)
Christmas shopping
Harvest
Travel
Family
Football
Prayer
Travel
Holiday
Started with Pilgrims giving thanks for harvest
Fourth of July
Food (BBQ…) Baseball
Swimming
Neighborhood
Fireworks
Parades
Bands
Holiday
Dec. of Ind.
U.S. birthday
Uncle Sam
Statue of Liberty
Parades
Double Bubble Categorizing
Topic #1 Topic #2
Similarity #1
Similarity #2
Similarity #3
Difference #1
Difference #1
Difference #2 Difference
#2
Difference #3
Difference #3
Double Bubble Categorizing
Thanks-giving
July 4th
Food
Activities are
secular, not
religious
Federal holiday
unique to U.S.
With family: turkey, corn,
pumpkin
With neighbors: BBQ, hot dogs, ice
cream
FootballFireworks
Parades
Origin: Pilgrims
giving thanks for harvest
Origin: Birthday of U.S.
Social/EconomicPoliticalSocial
Thesis and Body Paragraphs• Body Paragraph #1—Who we celebrate with
– Thanksgiving = family– July 4th = neighbors
• Body Paragraph #2—Why we celebrate– Thanksgiving = giving thanks– July 4th = U.S. birthday
• Body Paragraph #3—What we do to celebrate– Thanksgiving = football and food– July 4th = parades, music, and fireworks
Thesis: Thanksgiving and July 4th, two federal holidays unique to the U.S., are both similar and different in who they are celebrated with, why they are celebrated, and what is done to celebrate them.
Comparison and Contrast
Essay question: How are football and basketball similar and different?
Brainstorming steps:1) Draw 2 circles and write down every
word you can think of that goes with each topic
2) Categorize the words. You could use social, economic, and political as your categories.
3) Choose your 3 body paragraphs and write your thesis
Brainstorming C/C#1 – Write down everything you think of
Football
Basketball
Brainstorming C/C#1 – Write down everything you think of
fall plays
middle/high school, college, pro
pads and helmets stadium
tailgating
goal posts 100 yds.
cheerleaders band quarterback pigskin
jersey tackle
court net
middle/high school, college, pro
March Madness hoops neighborhood
driveway uniform3 points foul
free throwtall players dribble
NBA
Football
Basketball
Categorize the Words for Each SportEconomic –
Equipment
Social –
Behavior
Political –
U.S. and rules
Football Pads and helmets
Football
Stadium
Goal posts
Tailgating
Super Bowl
Cheerleaders
Band
Violent
Tackles
Downs
Basket- ball
Hoop
Basketball
Shoes
Driveway
March Madness Jump shots
3 points
Dribbling
Double Bubble Categorizing
Football Basketball
Required equipment
Rules
Community event – brings people
together
Football pads
helmet weight room
Basketball hoop
cement
Playstackling
Jump shotsdribbling
Tailgating Super Bowl
Stadium
March Madness
court
EconomicSocialPolitical
Thesis and Body Paragraphs• Body Paragraph #1—Equipment and cost
– Football = Expensive (lots of equipment and people)– Basketball = Inexpensive (not much equipment)
• Body Paragraph #2—Brings people together– Football = All day event with hundreds of thousands– Basketball = Shorter, more frequent events
• Body Paragraph #3—Players and Rules– Football = Large and aggressive; tackling and plays– Basketball = Tall and agile players; jump shots and
dribblingThesis: Football and basketball both reflect the U.S.’s
need to be bigger, more powerful, and wealthier than the rest of the world even as they differ in what is needed to play the games, how they bring people together, and how the games are played.
Change Over Time (COT)
Change Over Time (COT)
• A type of Comparison and Contrast (C/C)
• Compares how something occurred at one time and place in history with how something occurred at another time and place in history
Change Over Time (COT)
Essay Question: How have elementary schools in the U.S. changed
since the 1950s?
Brainstorming steps:
1) What is being compared?
2) Write down everything you can think of for each time and place.
3) Categorize
Brainstorming COT#1 – Write down everything you think of
Elementary schools 1950s
Elementary schools today
memorization
reading, writing, arithmetic
paddling
summers to work in fields
segregated
no kids with disabilities
smaller schools
chalkboards women teachers
creativity investigation
art, sports, music school acts as parent
Need post-high school education
desegregated
Grades K-5 women teachers
No Child Left Behind
detention
Categorize the Words for Each Time/Place
Economic Social Political
Elemen-tary schools in 1950s
--Summers off to work in fields in rural areas
--8th gr. Education was enough for many jobs
--Memorization of facts
--Corporal punishment
--Parental support of teachers
--Segregated
--Locally controlled
Elemen-tary schools today
--Lower student-teacher ratio
--Neighborhoods determine school’s socio-economic make up
--Creativity and investigation
--Schools take on many parental responsibilities
--NCLB
--IDEA
--Locally controlled
Thesis and Body Paragraphs
• Body Paragraph #1—Economic– 1950s = chalkboards and paper– Today = projectors, computers, interactive boards
• Body Paragraph #2—Social– 1950s = Memorization of facts, paddling, parent support– Today = Creativity, schools take on parental roles
• Body Paragraph #3—Political– 1950s = Segregated, failure is student’s responsibility– Today = Desegregated, IDEA, NCLB, failure is school’s
responsibility
Thesis: Since the 1950s, schools in the U.S. have become more inclusive and more responsible for preparing all students for success in tomorrow’s world.
Change Over Time (COT)
Essay question: How has the internet changed shopping?
1) Brainstorm circles
2) Categorize brainstorming
3) Choose 3 categories and write thesis
Document-Based Question (DBQ)
Document-Based Question (DBQ)
• A DBQ is an essay question that requires you to use documents in your response
How to Tackle a DBQ:1) Read and analyze the question2) Brainstorm information about the question3) Analyze the documents4) Use your brainstorming and the
documents in your organization
Essay question: Is Austin a great place to live?#1 – Write down everything you think of
Austin is Great!
Austin is Terrible!
Document Analysis – ACAPS
A – Author
C – Context
A – Audience
P – Purpose
S – Significance
Document Analysis – APPARTS
APPARTS
A – Author
P – Place and Time
P – Prior Knowledge
A – Audience
R – Reason
T – The Main Idea
S – Significance
Mini – APPARTS
A – Author/Point of View
M – Main Idea
For each document, make a sticky note with the following information:
Document #
1) Author/Point of View
2) Main idea
Tape Documents on T-Chart
Austin is Great! Austin is Terrible!
Document #1
ACL attendee
People having fun at ACL music
Document #9
Student News reporter
Highland Mall closes for Texas Relays. Decision could be racist.
Thesis and Body Paragraphs
Thesis: Austin has many benefits which keep its residents happy and fulfilled.
• Body Paragraph #1 – Entertainment – Documents 1, 8
• Body Paragraph #2 – Cost of Living – Documents 6
• Body Paragraph #3 – Community Spirit – Documents 4, 7
Websites with DBQshttp://www.edteck.com/dbq/testing/dbq.htm
http://www.upstatehistory.org/services/DHP/DBQ.html
http://www.dbqproject.com/
http://regentsprep.org/Regents/global/examoverview/dbq.cfm
http://www5.esc13.net/socialstudies/Teaching_American_History.html