BRAVO: Barrier Removal Assessment and Viability Overview

BRAVO: Barrier Removal Assessment and Viability Overview

GEUMPANG FOREST COMPLEX

Economics Technical Cultural/Politics Impact&Metrics

BRAVO Scores

BRAVO: Executive Summary

What: Shifting cultivation pattern and expanded plantation would be minimized to eliminate the main threat

facing the endemic and endangered Sumatran elephant and Sumatran tiger. The efforts are necessary to reduce

land overlapping with Sumatran elephant and Sumatran tiger home range. Another effort considered important

and benefiting local farmers is agro-forestry model for certain commodities, such as coffee and short term inter-

cropping production vegetations. Plantation area where human-animal conflicts are happening is the foremost

targeted location. The program will be strengthened by the implementation of a compound area (kemukiman)

mapping and planning program to map a plantation cultivation area agreed by local farmers. The success of agro-

forestry model has been known to increase the biodiversity values of an area.

Who: Based in Banda Aceh, FFI Aceh is the main player working in the proposed Ulu Masen conservation area

covering an area of 750,000 hectares. Geumpang Forest Complex is part of the Ulu Masen area. In an effort to

implement the strategy, FFI Aceh and Rare have agreed on regulating and supervising the agro-forestry program

with financial support from FFI Aceh. Rare and USFWS are committed to support the project. Sub-district

government and Forest and Plantation Agency of Pidie District share the same commitment in the cultivation and

forestry program in Mane area. The Nature Conservation Agency has committed to prevent human-animal

conflicts.

When: As soon as the required permit is available (focus of Pride complementary campaign), FFI will start its

preliminary outreach to prepare the pilot agro-forestry model activity during July 2009. In August-Sept 2009,

several agro-forestry technology trainings will be conducted to support the preliminary requirements of plantation

model and efforts to implement conflict mitigation in such a plantation model. An area has been designated for

this program. By October 2009, an area used for seeds dispersal or land rehabilitation should have been decided.

How: FFI Aceh has several special divisions to handle the protection area and the livelihood. Both divisions have

program and sufficient funding for the project. Pride Program in Pidie owns special funding for the campaign, but

will focus on funding the dissemination of the information and education related to the problems in the program

targeted location. Other funding sources (supports from RARE) are expected. The District government and

Forestry Agency principally support all conservation programs in the targeted location.

Feasibility Score: 3.3

Impact Score: 3

Confidential

Copyright © 2008 Monitor Company Group, L.P. — Confidential — XXXCAS-COD-Prez-Date-CTL 3

Criteria Explanation Nilai

Co

sts

Preliminary projected costs

Developing support and involvement phase – Local stakeholders meeting– Site mapping and identification – Village agreement development

Pre-Implementation Phase – Agricultural technology training – Handling and conflict mitigation training in

plantation area

Demonstration plot preparation phase– Clearing up– Seeds dispersal/Planting / Renovation

Project Monitoring Equipments/Supplies

Total cost estimation $25,000

Predictability of cost burden

1 = Costs are ambiguous and unpredictable; 4 = Costs are predictable and manageable

Preliminary assesment will show areas where overlapping between cultivated areas and elephant’s home range occurs. The area will be designated as a pilot model/demonstration plot. In the end, location mapping and location characters will determine the cost burden and are predictable.

3

Average Score 3

BRAVO Serena Details

Economics (1 of 2)

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Criteria Explanation Score

Reven

ues

Description of revenue streams

Fundraising total : $ 25,000 Sources : FFI Aceh, Rare?

Earned Income total: $ Sources:

Percentage of total cost available

1: 0 – 25% 2: 25 – 50% 3: 50 – 75% 4: 75 – 100%

FFI Aceh through its livelihood division has promised to cover the cost of farmers empowerment using improved agricultural technology, including the making of demonstration plot. Through its other division, FFI Aceh will cover the costs of mitigation technology and people’s involvement method. Other sources of funding may be added.

3

Likelihood of fundraising success

1 = Very low likelihood of raising the necessary funds; 4 = Likelihood of raising necessary funds almost a certainty

Some funding sources have been designated to cover some preliminary activities. There are some concerns that more project delays will result in reduced commitments of the funding sources.

3

Fundraising timing

Funding should be readily available as promised by donators and other funding sources.

Funding Alignment

1 = Funding timeline is not aligned with project timeline; 4 = Funding timeline is well-aligned with project timeline

Some funding timelines are not aligned with the project timeline; for example: the livelihood program in Mane, the division will start 1-2 months in advance to the plan (July 2009). Some other funding sources, however, should be able to be compromised and align with project timeline.

3

Sustainable Funding

1 = Unsustainable funding source; 4 = Very sustainable funding source

The “sustainability” depends on the success of the project pilot/demonstration plot in facing the disturbances/elephant conflict. Another factor is commitment from local farmer in implementing the project. With high success rate, the sustainability of funding sources would be secured. The budget may be allocated to other locations. The success will also generate new funding sources for the project.

3

Average Score 3

Profit/(Loss)

Difference between Revenues and Costs

Not relevant


Economics (2 of 2)

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Tech

no

log

y

Attainability &

Availability

1 = Technology and/or required assistance needed is unavailable; 4 = Technology is attainable and third-party assistance, if required, is available

Agro-forestry technology that is designated to mitigate human-animal conflicts is attainable. FFI Aceh has had similar experiences in developing such agro-forestry practices in Aceh.

4

Technology assistance

1 = Technology assistance is required, yet not available; 4 = Technology assistance is significant and available

Technical assistances will basically be provided by FFI Aceh with possibility of involving Forestry Agency and Agriculture Agency. Involvement of agricultural extension field workers is readily available.

4

Appropriate for circumstances

1 = Available technology is not appropriate for circumstances; 4 = Acquirable technology is suited for circumstances

Implementation of apropriate agricultural technology depends on the acceptance and local farmers bargainings on certain commodities and the procedures. Should agreements are reached, technology implementation would surely bring positif impacts to conservation efforts and generate benefits to the community.

3

Average Score 3.7


Technical (1 of 2)

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Cap

acity

/

Org

anizatio

nal A

bility

Barrier Removal Partner support

1 = BR Partner does not exist or is not willing to support the project; 4 = There exists a willing Barrier Removal Partner

FFI Aceh has some division components to support the project. Support also comes from ranger team which involve local community conservation groups and was established by FFI Aceh. Forestry Agency and sub-district governments which represent district government fully support the conservation efforts in the area

4

Barrier Removal Partner’s ability to drive change

1 = BR Partner lacks a track record of driving behavior; 4 = BR partner has a proven track record of driving behavior

In many areas of Ulu Masen, FFI Aceh has been involved in mitigation and human-animal conflict handling in coordination with Nature Conservation Agency of Aceh Province. FFI Aceh has also worked on livelihood and mapping programs, as well as local institutions strengthening program that has been conducted in several areas in Ulu Masen. In addition, FFI Aceh has a wide network and is able to request some competent institutions in their areas to support the ongoing programs.

3

Budget planning and cost efficient execution

1 = BR Partner has not demonstrated sufficient budget planning skills and cost efficient execution of plans; 4 = BR Partner has proven proficiency in budget planning and cost efficient execution of past plans

FFI Aceh has records on cost execution and budget planning. Budget allocation in every division components will support the success of the project for the next one year. It is, however, difficult to determine the budget capacity to support the project in the following years.

3

Average Score 3.3

Oth

er Partn

ers

Other critical partners

1 = Other partners do not exist or will not be impactful 4 = Other partners are available and capable of assistance

Some local institutions may be involved in the community outreaching process. The Nature Conservation Agency of Aceh Province has the commitments to protect endangered species in Aceh. 3

Average Score 3


Technical (2 of 2)

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Co

mm

un

ity Lead

ership

Leaders and influencers in the community

1 = Dearth of strong leaders and influencers in the community; 4 = Visible leaders with clout to drive behavior

Customary based institution in Aceh has a key role in supporting conservation in Aceh as it is very adaptive to conservation efforts. The leadership of Imum Mukim, Kejreung Blang, Panglima Uteun have created a customary institution that is related to conservation. At the policy making level, the influence of Geusyik (head of village) is very important. Aceh community principally respect customary based institutions and the customary based practices.

4

Leadership willingness to endorse

1 = Unwilling to get on board with project; 4 = Firm commitment from leadership to help drive change efforts

At the first stakeholders meeting, participants who were generally stakeholders and village level decision makers, enthusiastically view the conservation program in the area. They have thought about impacts should conservation efforts were not considered necessary. Some expectations to the campaign program, however, were related to financial compensation. The community will support to the campaign program if the project has direct benefits to the community..

4

Average Score 4


Cultural/Politics (1 of 2)

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Po

litical En

viro

nm

en

t

Current legislative and legal landscape

1 = Legislative and legal restrictions will hamper efforts; 4 = Legislative and legal framework will aid program

The largest barrier to the project is actually the excessive demands from the community with regards to area delineation. District government will not try get involved into the problem, except when normative explanation is required. In may areas in Indonesia, protected areas delineations often create significant obstacle to conservation efforts. The 2009 Election, has brought a positive impact in Aceh. Some advocacies have been conducted since the local legislators were elected. The situation brings hope to new policy making process and policies.

3

Ability to drive legislative change

1 = Lack of knowledge regarding political environment and unclear timeframe for advocacy; 4 = Depth of political knowledge and ability to push for appropriate changes within a given timeframe

The proposed Pride campaign focuses on the fact that the program will not ‘’interfere with area delineation in all parts of the targeted location.’’ Instead, it will highlight some areas where human-elephant conflicts occur and areas with the proximity to the protected area. Gampong (village) agreement is key to start of the program. One of Geusyik (village head) has spoken about the need to make an agreement on the area delineation. Efforts to conservation may start from this point.

4

Average Score 3.5

Valu

es and

No

rms

Assessment of norms

1 = Plan is unconcerned with political and cultural norms 4 = Plan assesses and takes into account the values and norms governing the political and cultural environment

Cultural and customary values highly support the success of the program. The involvement of customary leaders are key to the campaign program.

4

Ability to address normative obstacles

1 = Normative obstacles are too formidable to be overcome; 4 = Obstacles are manageable and a clear tack to address them is employed

Local farmers may be involved in the campaign only if the issues offered are related to human-animal conflicts instead of cultivation land expansion. Issues on cultivation land expansion will create barriers if exposed at early stages because the farmers will keep on requesting to expand their cultivation area.

3

Average Score 3.5


Cultural/Politics (2 of 2)

Confidential



Co

nservatio

n Im

pac

t

Likelihood of conservation impact

1 = Conservation impact is unlikely to be achieved; 4 = Conservation impact is very likely to be realized

Conservation impacts in the targeted location will be shown by a decreasing conflict intensity in the cultivated areas and a widening knowledge and community co-existence with regards to elephants presence. On the other hand, the lessening intensity of land clearing, the main objective of the area conservation efforts, will be seen from the reduced accessibility for farmers to open a new cultivation areas and their transformation to sedentary agriculture farmers equipped with new agricultural technology.

3

Impact sustainability

1 = The conservation impact goal is unlikely to be sustained in the long-term; 4 = The impact goal should be viable in the long-term

The enactment of agreement, mitigation procedures and conflict handling, as well as success in the elephant friendly agro-forestry demonstration model will minimize disruptions in the elephant habitat and its home range in Mane and Geumpang area. The ability of human and elephant to co-exist also determines the impact sustainability of elephant conservation in the area.

3

Average Score 3


Impacts and Metrics (1 of 2)

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Tip

pin

g P

oin

ts

1st Tipping Point The first tipping point is involving the community in the campaign by creating an agreement on delineation of cultivation land and conservation area with priority in area where human-animal conflict occur the most. The agreement will improve awareness on human and elephant co-existence.

3

2nd Tipping Point

The second tipping point is reducing access to open new cultivation area by diverting farmers to land productivity with appropriate agricultural technology incentives. A mitigatif plantation demonstration plot will also be developed in plantation areas where human-animal conflicts were reported. In addition, trainings for farmers in facing and handling human-animal conflicts will be conducted.

3

3rd Tipping Point

The third tipping point is ensuring that Pride campaign is supported by many parties and the impact sustainability of the campaign will be continued by the community. 3

Average Score 3

Metric

s

Measurable outcomes

1 = The program lacks clear metrics or are difficult to measure; 4 = The program has established clear, measureable metrics

Conservation impact of the campaign will be difficult to measure in a short time. In the early implementation, a new conflict may occur. But in the long term the number of human-animal conflicts and the expansion of cultivated area, especially in elephant home range, are expected to decrease.

3

Average Score 2


Impacts and Metrics (2 of 2)

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Category Subcategory ScoreAverage

Category ScoreFeasib

ility

Economics Cost 3

3 Revenue 3

Income Substitution N/A

Technical Technology 3.7

3.3 Capasity / Organizational Ability 3.3

Other Partners 3

Cultural/ Political Community Leadership 4

3.7 Political Environment 3.5

Cultural Norms 3.5

Feasibility Score 3.3

Imp

act

Impacts and Metrics Conservation Impact 3

3 Tipping Point 3

Metrics 3

Feasibility Score

3

Barrier Removal Assessment and Viability Overview (BRAVO)

Composite Score

Confidential



Risk Factors

Risk Factors Consequences Mitigation Strategies

•Local Forestry Agency may not agree on the delineation plan or a conflict on cultivation area and conservation area may occur between the government and community.

… To approach and involve key stakeholders in the procces. Regularly to send reports to the related agencies.

• Several farmers reject village agreement on delineation and cultivation area planning.

Difficulties in delineating elephant conservation area and community cultivation area.

To educate and disseminate information on impacts of land clearing practices in elephant’s home range at the early phase of the Campaign.The activities wil encourage community involvement in the project. Information that underlines the benefits of cultivating areas outside the elephant conservation area is also disseminated.

To ensure widening public support through Pride campaign, that underlines the need for action and minimize project realization risks.

• Political risks post 2009 Election. Changes in policies, as well as conservation and development spatial planning in the area

.

To lobby key political leaders with interests in environmental issues and encourage them to take such issues through legislative process.

Confidential


Risk Factors Consequence Mitigation Strategy

• Commitments on program funding cannot be aggreed because of gaps between the program and program planning/higher institution policy; and limit/small scale funding time frame.

… To ensure other funding supports for the project for the continuity of the ongoing project.

• …..

Confidential



Authors and Approvals

Shaummil Hadi Fauna & Flora International Aceh Programme

Project Coordinator/Campaign Manager

Wahdi Azmi

Helene Barnes

Matt Linkie

Protected Area Manager, FFI Aceh

Community Based Conservation (CBC) Mgr, FFI Aceh

Deputy Director/ Technical Mgr, FFI AcehDrs. Bachtiar Head of Mane Sub-district, Pidie District

Imum Mukim Lutueng, Mane, Pidie

Head of Forestry and Estate Crops of Pidie District

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Date post:	07-Jan-2016
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BRAVO: Barrier Removal Assessment and Viability Overview

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