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8/10/2019 Breaker Failur Protection
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Technology and Solutions
Protection and Substation Automation
ABBSw
itzerlandLtd.-1
BFP
_basics
/2002-03-15/RW
Topic:
BREAKERFAILURE
PROTECTIONAPPLICATION
BASICSBASICS
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ABBSw
itzerlandLtd.-2
BFP
_basics
/2002-03-15/RW
Topic Objectives
Fault condition in a power grid
Protection zones System behavior in case of breaker failure situation
BFP solutions
BFP application
Objectives
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ABBSw
itzerlandLtd.-3
BFP
_basics
/2002-03-15/RW
Busbar
Busbar
L
ine
Trans
former
Generator-
Transformer
BB
Fault Condition in a Power Grid
Protection zones
G
8/10/2019 Breaker Failur Protection
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BBSw
itzerlandLtd.-4
BFP
_basics
/2002-03-15/RW
Busbar
Fault Condition in a Power Grid
Busbar Fault
G
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BBSw
itzerlandLtd.-5
BFP
_basics
/2002-03-15/RW
Fault Condition in a Power Grid
Busbar Fault
G
- cleared
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ABBSw
itzerlandLtd.-6
BFP
_basics
/2002-03-15/RW
Fault Condition in a Power Grid
Busbar Fault
G
-Breaker Failure - solution
trip command to all
surrounding CBs by
a remote tripping
command
a tripping command via
the intertripping system
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ABBSw
itzerlandLtd.-7
BFP
_basics
/2002-03-15/RW
L
ine
Fault Condition in a Power Grid
Line Fault
G
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ABBSw
itzerlandLtd.-8
BFP
_basics
/2002-03-15/RW
Fault Condition in a Power Grid
Line Fault
G
- cleared
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ABBSw
itzerlandLtd.-9
BFP
_basics
/2002-03-15/RW
Fault Condition in a Power Grid
Line Fault
G
-Breaker Failure - solution
trip command to all
surrounding CBs by
a remote tripping
command
a tripping command via
the intertripping system
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ABBSw
itzerlandLtd.-10
BFP
_basics
/2002-03-15/RW T
rans
former
Fault Condition in a Power Grid
Transformer or Generator - Transformer Fault
G
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ABBSw
itzerlandLtd.-11
BFP
_basics
/2002-03-15/RW
Fault Condition in a Power Grid
G
Transformer or Generator - Transformer Fault - cleared
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ABBSw
itzerlandLtd.-12
BFP
_basics
/2002-03-15/RW
Transformer or Generator - Transformer Fault
Fault Condition in a Power Grid
G
-Breaker Failure - solution
trip command to all
surrounding CBs by
a remote tripping
command
a tripping command via
the intertripping system
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ABBSw
itzerlandLtd.-13
BFP
_basics
/2002-03-15/RW
How is it possible to
detect a non operating
circuit breaker (= CircuitBreaker Failure)
???
Breaker Failure Protection Solutions
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ABBSw
itzerlandLtd.-14
BFP
_basics
/2002-03-15/RW
1. supervision of the feeder current (withan overcurrent criteria)after a tripping
command
OR
2. supervision of the CB auxiliary contacts
after a tripping commandOR
3. supervision of the feeder current (with
the BBP measurement algorithm)after a
tripping command (only applicable if
the BFP is installed in the BBP system)- BBP unbalancing
Breaker Failure Protection Solutions
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ABBSw
itzerlandLtd.-15
BFP
_basics
/2002-03-15/RW
feeder
current
t ~ higher than the highest possible CB
opening time + arc extinguish time
Breaker Failure Protection Solutions
solution 1:
t2
~120 ms
re-trip to
faulty CB
(coil 1 & 2)
trip to the
surrounding
CBs by
intertripping &
remote tripping
CB opening
coil
trip to CB from
protection device
BFP
t1
~120 ms
&
I >
the trip from the protection
device is called Starting BFP
!!!
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ABBSw
itzerlandLtd.-16
BFP
_basics
/2002-03-15/RW
CB closed
t ~ higher than the highest possible CB
opening time + arc extinguish time
Breaker Failure Protection Solutions
solution 2:
t2
~120 ms
re-trip to
faulty CB
(coil 1 & 2)
trip to the
surroundingCBs by
intertripping &
remote tripping
CB opening
coil
trip to CB from
protection device
t1
~120 ms
&
BFP
the trip from the protection
device is called Starting BFP
!!!
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ABBSwitzerlandLtd.-17
BFP
_basics
/2002-03-15/RW
Breaker Failure Protection Solutions
solution 3:
re-trip to faulty CB
(coil 1 & 2) &
remote trip
inter-
tripping
CB openingcoil
trip to CB from
protection device x
BFP
CB x
t1
~120 ms
t2
~120 ms
BBP
BFP
CB y
CB xCB y
trip to CB from
protection device y
&BFPlog
ic
feedercurrent
BFP logic
I = 0
IF
I=
IF
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ABBSwitzerlandLtd.-18
BFP
_basics
/2002-03-15/RW
An advanced BFP (& BBP)
system offers all 3 solutions!!!
Which solution must be used
for which application
???
Breaker Failure Protection Solutions
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ABBSwitzerlandLtd.-19
BFP
_basics/2002-03-15/RW
Breaker Failure Protection Solutions
standard BFP application (most common used)
for line, transformer, generator, generator- transformer, reactors and
coupler CBs
for all voltage levels and switchgear configurations overcurrent settable independently for all feeders (depending on the
minimum feeder short current)
operation independent on the CB auxiliary contacts (aux. contacts are
a week part of the protection chain)
for single, double and three phase auto- reclosure (tripping), (phase
segregated starting inputs)
for detection of evolving faults (phase segregated timers for t1) remote tripping signal settable after timer 1 or timer 2
advanced trip- redirection functionality in case of CB SF6
underpressure condition
not applicable for very low fault currents (e.g. generator
reverse power function) -> solution 2
Application & features of solution 1:
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ABBSwitzerlandLtd.-20
BFP
_basics/2002-03-15/RW
Breaker Failure Protection Solutions
solution 1:
re-trip to
faulty CB
(coil 1 & 2)
trip to the
surrounding
CBs by
intertripping
IR
Start R&
I >
1t1
IS
Start S&
I >
1t1
IT
Start T&
I >
1t1
Start RST
1 t2
remote
tripping
Trip
Redirectionset t1 & t2
to 10ms
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ABBSwitzerlandLtd.-21
BFP
_basics/2002-03-15/RW
advanced trip redirection functionality
remote trippingsettable after t1
or t2
phase segregated timers for the
detection of evolving faults
phasesegregatedstarting
inputsforsingleanddou
ble
poleautoreclosure
Breaker Failure Protection Solutions
solution 1:
re-trip to
faulty CB
(coil 1 & 2)
trip to the
surrounding
CBs by
intertripping
IR
Start R&
I >
1t1
IS
Start S&
I >
1t1
IT
Start T&
I >
1t1
Start RST
1 t2
remote
tripping
Trip
Redirectionset t1 & t2
to 10ms
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ABBSwitzerlandLtd.-22
BFP
_basics/2002-03-15/RW
Breaker Failure Protection Solutions
applicable for very low fault currents (e.g. generator reverse power
function)
remote tripping signal settable after timer 1 or timer 2
advanced trip- redirection functionality in case of CB SF6underpressure condition
very good addition to solution 1
no overcurrent (fault current) supervision
the starting signal must be switch off by the CB OFF aux. contact to
prevent an unwanted trip
operation dependent on the CB auxiliary contacts (aux. contacts are a
week part of the protection chain) not applicable for single and double phase auto- reclosure (tripping)
not applicable for detection of evolving faults
Application & features of solution 2:
B k F il P i S l i
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ABBSwitzerlandLtd.-23
BFP
_basics/2002-03-15/RW
Breaker Failure Protection Solutions
solution 2 in addition to solution 1:
re-trip to
faulty CB
(coil 1 & 2)
trip to the
surrounding
CBs by
intertripping
IR
Start R&
I >
1t1
IS
Start S&
I >
1t1
IT
Start T&
I >
1t1
External
Start BFPt1
Start RST
1 t2
remote
tripping
TripRedirection
set t1 & t2to 10ms
B k F il P t ti S l ti
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ABBSwitzerlandLtd.-24
BFP
_basics/2002-03-15/RW c
urrentindepend
entstartinginput
Breaker Failure Protection Solutions
solution 2 in addition to solution 1:
re-trip to
faulty CB
(coil 1 & 2)
trip to the
surrounding
CBs by
intertripping
IR
Start R&
I >
1t1
IS
Start S&
I >
1t1
IT
Start T&
I >
1t1
External
Start BFPt1
Start RST
1 t2
remote
tripping
TripRedirection
set t1 & t2to 10ms
B k F il P t ti S l ti
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ABBSwitzerlandLtd.-25
BFP
_basics/2002-03-15/RW
Breaker Failure Protection Solutions
applicable as basic BBP coupler functionality for the detection of faultsbetween coupler CB and CT (coupler function - CB reclaim time)
not applicable for line, transformer, generator, generator- transformer,
reactors feeders in HV systems
overcurrent (fault current) supervision depending on the BBP
differential current setting (high short current required)
functionality depending on the BBP
not applicable for single and double phase auto- reclosure (tripping)
not applicable for detection of evolving faults
the starting signal must be switch off by the CB OFF aux. contact to
prevent an unwanted trip to the CB after timer 1 operation dependent on the CB auxiliary contacts (aux. contacts are a
week part of the protection chain)
no trip- redirection functionality in case of CB SF6 underpressure
condition
remote tripping signal fixed to timer 1
Application & features of solution 3:
B k F il P t ti S l ti
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ABBSwitzerlandLtd.-26
BFP
_basics/2002-03-15/RW
Breaker Failure Protection Solutions
Coupler function:
CB opening
coil
Input
Current
signal
CB open
1
t
1
CT bypass
CB
reclaim
time~120ms
IF
trip BBP
Zone 1inter-
tripping
Zone 2
BBP
Zone2
I = 0
I=IF
Zone 2Zone 1
&
Breaker Failure Protection Application
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ABBS
witzerlandLtd.-27
BFP
_basic
s/2002-03-15/RW
Breaker Failure Protection Application
Transformer, Transformer- Generator, Reactor feeder and coupler:
G
IR
Start R&
I >
1t1
IS
Start S&
I >
1t1
IT
Start T&
I >
1t1
External
Start BFP
t1
1
Trip
Redirection
set t1 & t2
to 10ms BFP
CBx
CBx
G/T
Prot.
IT&
IG
(87T&
87G)
R
eversePower(3
2)
Start RST
3 Phase trip
CB closed
aux. contacts
Breaker Failure Protection Application
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ABBS
witzerlandLtd.-28
BFP
_basic
s/2002-03-15/RW
Start RST3 Phase trip
Start R
Start S
Start T
single
Phase trip
Breaker Failure Protection Application
Line feeder with single phase auto reclosure:
IR
&
I >
1t1
IS
&
I >
1t1
IT
&
I >
1t1
External
Start BFP
t1
1
Trip
Redirection
set t1 & t2
to 10ms BFP
CBx
CBx
Line
Prot.
OC(51)
Z