Breast Cancer Templates for Power Point

8/3/2019 Breast Cancer Templates for Power Point

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BREAST CANCER


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FIGURES AND FACTS

Breast cancer is the most common type

of cancer among women in the US

In 2004 approximately 216,000 cases of

invasive cancer were diagnosed and

over 40,000 died of their disease


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BREAST CANCER IN

ZOROASTRIAN WOMEN

Breast cancer is the second commonest

cancer in Indian women

Breast cancer is three times more

common in Zoroastrian women.


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Normal Breast

A. Breast Duct System

B. Lobules

C. Breast Duct System

D. Nipple E. Fat

F. Chest Muscle

G. Ribs

A. Cells lining duct

B. Basement membrane

C. Open central duct


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Anatomy

Each breast has 15 to 20 sections calledlobes

Within each lobe are many smallerlobules

Lobules end in dozens of tiny bulbs that canproduce milk

Thin tubes, called ducts, link all the lobes,

lobules and bulbs These ducts lead to the nipple in the center

of a dark area of skin called the areola


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Anatomy (conti.)

These ducts lead to the nipple in the

center of a dark area of skin called the

areola

The breasts also contain blood vessels

and vessels for the lymphatic system,

which consists of many lymph nodes

found throughout the body Many lymph nodes are found near the

breast, under the arm, above the

collarbone, and in the chest


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Cancer from breast

From duct and lobule

Invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC)

Invasive lobular carcinoma

Others

F

rom stroma: sarcoma(Phyllodes) Squamous cell carcinoma

Lymphoma


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Ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS)


B. Lobules


D. Nipple

E.F

at F. Chest Muscle

G. Ribs

A. Cells lining duct

B. Extra cancer like cells, butaaacontained within duct

C. Intact basement membrane

D. Open central duct


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Invasive lobular carcinoma(ILC)


B. Lobules


D. Nipple

E. Fat F. Chest Muscle

G. Ribs

A. Cells lining lobule B. Cancer cells, breaking

through the basementmembrane.

C. Basement membrane


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Lobular carcinoma in situ(LCIS)


B. Lobules


D. Nipple

E. Fat F. Chest Muscle

G. Ribs

A. Cells lining lobule

B. Cancer cells, but allcontained within the lobules

C. Basement membrane


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DCIS and LCIS

DCIS

Premalignant change

Turn out to be cancer in ongoing years

LCIS

Not a premalignent change

A sign, which indicate risk of breast ca


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RISK FACTORS

There are three major risk factors associated

with both forms of breast cancer:

mutations in two genes (BRCA1 and BRCA2)

estrogen exposure

late childbearing

The breast cancer genes 1 and 2 code for

proteins that are needed to correct errors in

DNA synthesis during the cell cycle


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RISK FACTORS (conti)

Estrogen is responsible for stimulating the

breasts as part of normal reproductive

physiology but over time may lead to the

transformation of the duct cells

The connection between late childbearing

and breast cancer is not clear


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SYMPTOMS

a lump or thickening in or near the breast

or in the underarm area

a change in the size or shape of the breast nipple discharge or tenderness

swelling, redness, or scaling of the skin of

the breast, areola, or nipple


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DIAGNOSIS

Breast cancers are diagnosed with:

clinical breast exam

Mammography Ultrasonography

Biopsy

The clinical exam is used to locate

obvious lumps in the breast. It is often

possible to tell if a lump is benign or

malignant by the way it feels, how easily it

moves, and its texture


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CLINICAL BREAST

EXAMINATION


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Clinical Breast Examination (CBE)

Age Frequency of CBE

20 39 Every 3 years

40 Every Year


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SELF BREAST

EXAMINAT

ION

Once every month starting at theage of 20


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DIAGNOSIS (conti)

Mammography uses X-rays to obtain a

picture of the breast and any lumps that

may be present

Ultrasonography uses high-frequency

sound waves to determine whether a lump

is a fluid-filled cyst (not cancer) or a

solid mass (which may or may not becancer).


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MAMMOGRAHY RESULTS


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ULTRASOUND

NORMAL CANCEROUS


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DIAGNOSIS (conti)

samples of a suspected tumor are

obtained so the cells may be examined

under a microscope. This procedure is

referred to as a biopsy, and the tissue

sample is usually collected with a

hypodermic needle.


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BIOPSY TECHNIC


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STAGING

Stage 0 is noninvasive carcinoma

Stage I, the tumor is no more than an inch

across, and the cancer cells are still inside

the breast Cancer cells begin to spread to underarm

(axillary) lymph nodes by stage II

Stage III, tumor is more than two inchesacross and the cancer has spread to the

axillary lymph nodes and other nearby

tissues


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STAGING(conti)

By stage IV, the cancer has spread

beyond the breast to many other parts of

the body


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TREATMENT

1. SURGERY: to remove all the tumorBreast preserving surgery - most patients

Removal of the full breast - mastectomy - may

be required for some patients

2.DETERMINE THE STAGE OF THETUMOR: Remove some of the lymph

nodes under the arm to look for tumor metastases


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TREATMENT (conti..)

3.ADJUVANT THERAPY: Medical therapy todecrease the chance of tumor recurrence - toimprove the chances for cure

Chemotherapy - many different therapies

Hormonal therapy - tamoxifen, aromataseinhibitors

4.RADIATION THERAPY - to prevent tumor

recurrence in the remaining breast tissue;required for breast preserving therapy


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Thank You

Date post:	06-Apr-2018
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Breast Cancer Templates for Power Point

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