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Breeds, Types, and Classes of Horses
Chapter 3
Breeding True: The offspring will almost always
posses the same characteristics as the parent
3 Foundation Stallions of Thoroughbred
Darley Arabian Byerly Turk Godophin Arabian
Foundation Sire of the Morgan Justin Morgan
Foundation Sire of the Tennessee Walking Horse:
Morgan Stallion Allen F-1
Morgan stallions contributed to the development:
Standardbred Quarter American Albino Palomino
Height: Measured in hands From top of withers to the ground Hand = 4 inches
Classification of Horses: Light: 12-17.2 hands
900 to 1400 lbsUsed for: riding driving show, racing,
or utility on farm or ranch Draft: 14.2-17.2 hands
1400lbs or >Used for: heavy work or pulling
Ponies: 14.2 or < hands500 to 900 lbs.
Warm vs Cold Blood: Warm: refers to temperament of
light to medium horse breeds-fine boned and suitable for riding-all breeds not definitely Cold: heavy, solid, strong horses
with a calm temperment
Cob: Sturdy, placid horse 14.2 to 15.2 hands Not heavy or coarse enough to be
draft
Hack: Enjoyable Good riding or driving Saddlebred in America
Miniature Horses: 34 inches at the withers max
Feral Horses: Once domesticated and now wild ADA – mustang
Donkey breeds:
1. Mammoth Jack2. Large Standard3. Miniature Mediterranean Donkey4. American Spotted Ass
Miniature donkeys: 36 inches or < in height
Mule or Hinny: cross between donkey and horse
Mule: offspring of a male donkey (jack) and a female horse (mare)
Hinny: cross male horse (stallion) and a female donkey (jenny)
Mare Female horse Usually after having an offspring.
Filly Young female horse
Brood Mare Mare that is used strictly for
breeding
Stallion Male horse STUD
Colt Young male horse
Gelding Castrated Male Horse
Foal Young Horse male or female
Hand Unit of measurement for horses 4 inches
Pony A breed of horse that is under 14.2
hands.
Light Horse Most horses, riding size. Above 14.2 hands 800 – 1200 lbs.
Draft Horse Work horses Above 14 hands 1100 – 2500 lbs
Colors of Horses
Black
Solid black all over its bodyMane, tail, skin and points black
Bay: always has a
black mane and tail and usually has black points. Can vary from a light, yellowish tan to a dark, rich reddish brown color.
Brown Coat varies from
medium to dark brown
Sorrel or Chestnut Basically red Mane and tail
never black
Gray Mixture of black and white hairs Dark skin Born dark and lighten with age
Paint Piebald: black and
white spot Skewbald: white and
any other color than black
Tobiano: white color extends downward over the horse’s back
Overa: white extends up from the belly and legs towards the back
Palomino Golden color, with
a light colored mane and tail
Mane and tail can be white, silver, or ivory
Buckskin or Dun Modifications of the
bay color pattern Color ranges from
pale yellow to a dirty canvas color
May show a dark stripe down its back and across its shoulders
White A true white is
born white and stays white
Pure white hair, pinks skin, and brown or blue eyes
Blue or Red Roan Has a mixture of
white and colored hairs